2011년 환경부 멸종위기종 등록절차 및 대상 멸종위기종 식물 목록 재고 -과연 현재 국가 멸종위기종 관리가 최선의 방안인가? -

김휘 ( Hui Kim ),이병천 ( Byong Cheon Lee ),김용식 ( Yong Shik Kim ),장진성 ( Chin Sung Chang ) 한국산림과학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.1

After having announced legislation for threatened or endangered species on the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants in 2005, the Korea Ministry of Environment proposed (in June 2011) amending the list, thereby delisting or reclassifying endangered species using new quantitative criteria for two levels (I and II), as well as status reviews. The new legislation included 40 species remained in their original endangered status, but 19 species were delisted, 5 species were proposed as candidates for delisting, 29 species were given a new endangered listing, and 3 species were roposed for an endangered listing in Korea. We assessed the threatened status of 98 plants using the IUCN Red List Criteria (version 3.1) at the global level, and compared the Ministry`s revised criteria with the IUCN Red List Criteria and ESA criteria used in the USA. Most species proposed by the Ministry do not qualify as threatened and one of the major difficulties found in applying IUCN Red List Criteria at the global scale was a lack of knowledge on the status of species at broader geographic scales and the perceived difficulty this causes. Under the current classification process, many endangered species, such as Abeliophyllum distichum, Leontice microrhyncha, Echinosophora koreensis, Leontopodium coreanum, Iris odaesanensis, and Corylopsis coreana at global level were excluded here. Knowledge gaps and uncertainties mean that the number of taxa at high risk of extinction may be substantially greater than is currently understood. Due to a lack of information on its taxonomic status, currently there is controversy over the Red List status of Physocarpus insularis. Also, Caragana koreana, which was an invalidly published name, should be excluded here. Although the Korea Ministry of Environment insisted this procedure was conducted by applying the modified IUCN threat categories and definitions, this evaluation has been carried out based only on subjective views and misapplication of the IUCN Red List Criteria. The current listings by the Korea Ministry of Environment should be challenged. We suggest that broad species concepts on endemic species are applied and also criteria that adequately address the proper quantitative knowledge should be used. It is suggested that the highest priorities for the Red List should be given to endemic species at least in the Korean peninsula first at global scale.

"대한민국약전에 수재된 식물성 한약재의 학명에 대한 재고"의 논평

김휘 ( Hui Kim ),박수경 ( Soo Kyung Park ),장계선 ( Kae Sun Chang ),장진성 ( Chin Sung Chang ) 대한본초학회 2013 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.28 No.5

Objectives: ``Reconsideration about Nomenclature of Herbs Listed in the Korean Pharmacopoeia`` was published by Doh and Lee with absolute misconception of nomenclature. A critical review of Doh and Lee`s paper is given, to correct the confused the concept of nomenclature and to provide proper scientific name for taxa which are discussed. Methods: This paper discusses the proper usage, as mandated by the International Code of Nomenclature. Adherence to the rules described in this paper should reduce the present confusion in the nomenclature of scientific names listed in the Korean Pharmacopoeia. Results: Although Doh and Lee proposed four categories to correct the scientific names of the Korean Pharmacopoeia using available botanical databases, they failed to show how nomenclatural concepts are applicable due to misconception of legitimacy and the confusion about synonym. From a nomenclatural perspective, ``accepted name`` or ``recommended name`` is a subjective term which used to be employed for convenience in a certain databases or working group without nomenclatural meaning. Doh and Lee also pointed out the standardization of author citation. However, they missed the importance of author citation error such as basionym or validating authors. Conclusions: Doh and Lee were not able to solve nomenclatural problems of the Korea Pharmacopoeia due to lack of clarity on the nomenclature code. We strongly recommend that KFDA has to commence extensive nomenclatural review for the next revision of Korea Pharmacopoeia.

영산강 유역(나주지구)의 조사 년도별 토성에 따른 토양 화학적 특성

김명석(Myeong-Seok Kim),최진경(Jin-Gyung Choi),김동관(Dong-Kwan Kim),신해룡(Hae-Ryoung Shin),최경주(Gyung-Ju Choi),박민수(Min-Soo Park),김휘(Hui Kim),안영섭(Young-Sup Ahn),박충범(Chung-Berm Park) 한국약용작물학회 2012 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.1

비합법적으로 발표된 국내 목본식물의 학명

장진성,김휘,Chang, Chin-Sung,Kim, Hui 한국식물분류학회 2002 식물 분류학회지 Vol.32 No.3

선만실용임업편람(鮮滿實用林業便覽) 및 Mori의 한선식물명휘(韓鮮植物名彙)에 실린 Nakai의 많은 나명들이 비합법적으로 발표된 이름임에도 불구하고 여러 식물도감에서 지속적으로 잘못 사용하고 있다. 지난 30여년간 일부 국내학자들에 의한 새로운 조합명도 기본명이 발표된 문헌과 저자, 발표년도 등에 대한 기재가 없어 비합법적으로 발표된 학명으로 확인되었다. 또한, 신종기재시 요구되는 기재와 표징뿐 아니라 기준표본에 대한 언급을 명확하게 밝히지 않거나 혹은 문헌상으로만 기준표본이 존재하고 실질적으로 기준 표본을 보관하지 않은 식물명은 모두 나명이거나 혹은 비합법적으로 발표된 학명들이다. 이러한 학명들은 더 이상 사용되어서는 안되는 이름들이다. 목본식물 중 이전의 문헌에서 간과하기 쉬운 비합명을 정리한 본 연구가 다른 연구자들에게 도움이 되길 바라며 초본에서도 이와 같은 연구가 시도될 수 있기를 바란다. Several people called our attention to two books in which many new name were made by T. Nakai. Upon checking Mori and Handbook of Korea-Mandschurian Forestry, we found that there were more than 50 apparently overlooked and naked names for the Korean woody plants. Also, new combinations or avowed substitutes of some woody plants by several authors (Y. Lee, T. Lee and W. Lee) based on previously and validly published names were not validly published because their basionyms or the replaced synonyms were not clearly indicated and a full and direct reference was not given to their authors and places of valid publications, with pages or plate references and dates. These names should not be used any more. We consider it useful to summarize the results of this preliminary investigation and invalid names of woody plants are enlisted here. Hopefully, this note will alert other researchers to look into these works for other herbaceous Korean plants.

한국수목의 학명에 대한 재고

장진성 ( Chin Sung Chang ),김휘 ( Hui Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2003 한국산림과학회지 Vol.92 No.1

After Lee, Tchang Bok`s Illustrated Flora of Korea was published, additional work on the flora of the Korean peninsula has provided numerous new records. Further, many nomenclatural changes have occurred and necessitate an update of the list. This current correct name list will be heIpful to plant systematists, foresters, ecologists, horticulturists and non-professionals who are interested in the woody plants of Korea. The arrangement of this list is designed for six cases , taxonomic synonyms, nomenclatural synonyms, taxonomic rank transfer, orthographic or typographical errors, author citation errors and invalid names. It is necessary to document the records, adequately preserved plant specimens with habitat and location data as well as distribution maps ir the near future.

고유종 꼬리말발도리의 생식특성과 동위효소 유전다양성

장진성 ( Chin Sung Chang ),김휘 ( Hui Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.4

Deutzia paniculata is an endemic species, which is geographically restricted within southern part of Korea. Four populations of D. paniculata were sampled across its natural range, from the smallest population, Mt. Dalum,which held less than 100 individuals, to the largest, Mt. Unmum, over 3,500 individuals. Artificial pollination studyshowed that D. paniculata had an obligate outcross breeding system. Major pollinators were two bee species,Lasioglossum exiliceps and Allograpta balteata (de Geer). The breeding system and patterns of allozyme variation ofD. paniculata were investigated to understand the population biology and to explain on reserve designs and managementproposals relevant to this species. D. paniculata held relatively low genetic variation at the eight allozyme loci surveyed. Measures of genetic variation in this species alleles per locus (As=1.33), proportion of polymorphic loci (P=23.85%),and expected heterozygosity (Hes=0.110) were similar to values reported for endemic species. Mt. Dalum population(DAL) was composed with one clone based on allozyme data. Individuals of D. paniculata were frequently includedin root connected clusters. Population genetic structure between and within four populations was probably the result ofshrinking effective population size and the extinctions of intervening populations. For the conservation of geneticdiversity, maximum number of different genotype need to be protected based on genetic structure and mating system.

SPME법에 의한 산초나무와 초피나무 잎과 열매의 향기성분 분석

조민구(Min Gu Cho),김휘(Hui Kim),채영암(Young Am Chae) 한국약용작물학회 2003 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.11 No.1

Volatile components in the leaves and fruits of Z. schinifolium and Z. piperitum were analyzed by Headspce SPME(Solid phase Microextraction). Fifty two and 48 components in the leaves and fruits, respectively, were identified in Z. schinifolium. (E)-2-hexenal, α-pinene, (Z)-ocimene+limonene, estragole, germacrene-d were detected at common components in the leaves and estragole in the fruits of Z. schinifolium. Regardless of collection sites hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenal, n-hexanol were appeared in the leaves while undecanone in the fruit. Thirty and 27 components in the leaves and fruits, respectively, were identified in Z. piperitum,. α-pinene, β-phellandrene, 1,8-cineole, citronellal and myrcene, (Z)-ocimene+limonene, β-phellandrene were appeared as common components in the leaves and fruits collected from Baeck-yang-sa and Nae-jang-sa. (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenal, α-pinene, mycrene and β-phellandrene, from Baeck-yang-sa and Nae-jang-sa. (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenal, α-pinene, myrcene and β-phellandrene, citronellal, geranyl acetate were major components in the leaves and fruits from Tong-do-sa.

삼색싸리 메탄올 추출물의 3T3-L1지방세포와 db/db 마우스에서의 PPARγ 작용제와 인슐린 유사효과를 통한 혈당조절 개선효과

박철민 ( Chul-min Park ),김휘 ( Hui Kim ),류동영 ( Dong-young Rhyu ) 한국응용생명화학회(구 한국농화학회) 2019 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.62 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 당 대사에 대한 삼색싸리(Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor Nakai; LMTN)의 효과를 조사하는 것이다. LMTN 추출물은 대조군과 비교하여 3T3-L1 지방 세포에서 당 섭취능 및 지질축적을 유의하게 향상시켰다. 또한, 3T3-L1 지방 세포에서 LMTN 추출물은 퍼옥시좀 증식제 활성화 수용체(PPAR)γ, 인슐린수용체기질-1 (IRS-1) 및 포도당수송체(GLUT)4의 단백질 발현을 유의하게 증가시켰다. LMTM 추출물의 당 섭취능 또는 인슐린 신호 전달계의 조절 효과는 양성 대조물질인 트로글리타존 또는 피니톨보다 낮았지만 PPARγ 단백 활성화는 증가하였다. 또한, LMTM 추출물은 인슐린 유사효과를 나타냈다. db/db 마우스에서, LMTN 추출물(250 mg/kg BW)은 물과 식이 섭취량, 혈당, 중성지방과 총 콜레스테롤 함량을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 더불어 지방과 근육조직에서의 PPARγ 및 GLUT4 mRNA의 발현도 LMTN 추출물 투여군에서 유의적으로 증가되었다. 따라서, 본 연구의 결과는 LMTN 추출물이 3T3-L1 지방세포 및 db/db 마우스에서 PPARγ 및 인슐린 유사효과를 통해당 대사를 조절하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Lespedeza maximowiczii var. tricolor Nakai (LMTN) on glucose metabolism. LMTN extract significantly enhanced the glucose uptake and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared with control. Also, LMTN extract in 3T3-L1 adipocytes significantly increased the protein expression of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor (PPAR)γ, insulin receptor substrate-1, and glucose transporter (GLUT)4. The regulatory effect on glucose uptake or insulin signal transduction of LMTM extract was lower than troglitazone or pinitol such as the positive control, but increased PPARγ activation. Additionally, LMTM extract has an insulin-mimetic effect. In db/db mice, LMTN extract (250 mg/kg BW) significantly reduced water and food intake, blood glucose, and level of plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol. Furthermore, the expression of PPARa and GLUT4 mRNA in adipose or muscle tissue effectively was increased by oral treatment of LMTN extract. Thus, our results suggest that LMTN extract improves the glucose metabolism through PPARγ and insulinmimetic effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and db/db mice.

쇠무릎 복합체의(Atractylodes bidentata Blume)의 외부 형태 수리분류학 연구

안영섭(Yong-Sup Ahn),김관수(Kwan-Soo Kim),김휘(Hui Kim) 한국약용작물학회 2012 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.1

한반도 관속식물 IUCN 적색목록 평가와 문제점

장진성 ( Chin-sung Chang ),김혜원 ( Hye Won Kim ),김휘 ( Hui Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2017 한국산림과학회지 Vol.106 No.2

The best source of information on the conservation status of species at a global scale is the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Until now, 236 vascular plants from Korean peninsula have been evaluated using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. It indicated that five taxa were considered as critically endangered, 20 as endangered and nine as vulnerable species as a threatened status. On the other hand, the rest (189 taxa) were assessed as a least concern, which did not qualify for threatened species categories. Korea Ministry of Environment published a revised version of 57 species list by re-classifying endangered species with idiosyncratic qualitative criteria for two levels (I and II) followed by status reviews in 2011. However, two thirds species proposed by Ministry of Environment do not qualify as threatened. The major difficulties found in applying IUCN Red List criteria at the global scale was a lack of knowledge on the status of species at broader geographic scales and the perceived difficulty the causes. The lack of consistency between two lists constrains the prioritization of species-based conservation work at the national level. Due to a lack of centralized monitoring data for most species, this status is largely qualitatively and so it carries a high level of uncertainty. This is reflected in the high number of species with an unknown population trend. The current list of endangered species of flora and fauna by the Ministry of Environment should be recognized as the national list (local and population extinction), which is different from the IUCN Red list due to the different geographical contexts. Also, it is necessary to improve the quality of evaluation and conservation management system rather than presenting massive number of endangered species list.