기계이앙(機械移秧) 준비답(準備畓)의 토양경도(土壤硬度) 측정(測定)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

김홍윤,김성래,김기대,Kim, Hong Yun,Kim, Soung Rai,Kim, Ki Dae 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1986 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.13 No.2

무논에서 쇄토작업후(碎土作業後)에 토양경도(土壤硬度)를 측정(測定)할 수 있는 낙하식(落下式) 원추형(圓錐形) 토양경도기(土壤硬度器)를 설계(設計) 제작(製作)(6종(種))하여 이를 공시(供試)콘(cone)으로한 1, 2차(次)의 기초실험(基礎實驗)을 통(通)하여 1개(個)의 콘을 선정(選定)한 다음, 이로써 전국(全國) 5개지역(個地域), 56개(個) 측점(測點)에서 이앙당시(移秧當時)의 토양경도(土壤硬度)를 콘의 관입심(貫入深)으로 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 1차(次) 실험(實驗)에서 4종(種)의 공시(供試)콘을 만들어 답토양(沓土壤)을 3유형(類型)의 토괴(土塊) 토양(土壤)으로 나누어 콘의 관입심(貫入深)을 비교(比較) 측정(測定)한 결과(結果) A, B, C 콘 사이에는 차이(差異)가 없었고, D콘만이 유의차(有意差)가 있었다. 2. 2차(次) 실험(實驗)에서 2종(種)의 공시(供試)콘을 추가제작(追加製作)하여 1차(次) 실험(實驗)에서 사용(使用)한 공시(供試)콘과 함께 쇄사(碎士) 정지(整地)한 상태(狀態)의 답토양(沓土壤)에서 콘의 관입심(貫入深)을 비교(比較) 분석(分析)한 결과(結果) D콘만 차이(差異)가 있었고 나머지 A, B, C, E, F 콘 사이에는 유의차(有意差)가 없었으나, 이 중에서 반복간(反覆間)에 변화(變化)가 적은 F콘을 선정(選定)하였다. 3. 전국(全國) 5개지역(個地域) 56개(個) 포장(圃場)의 로우터리에 의(依)한 써래질 작업(作業) 직후(直後)의 토양경도(土壤硬度)는 공시(供試) cone의 관입심(貫入深)으로 11.0~14.4cm이며 평균(平均) 13.0cm로 나타났으며, 한편 이앙당시(移秧當時)는 9.2~13.7cm로 평균(平均) 11.2cm로 나타났다. 4. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)와 같이 이앙(移秧) 준비(準備)를 위(爲)한 써래질 작업(作業) 직후(直後)의 과다(過多)한 쇄토작업(碎土作業)은 토성(土性)에 따라 차이(差異)는 있으나 1~3일간(日間) 침지(沈地)시켜야만 동력(動力) 이앙기(移秧機)의 사용(使用)이 가능(可能)한 점을 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서 개발(開發)한 토양경도계(土壤硬度計)에 의(依)해 충분히 계측수량화(計測數量化) 할 수 있을 것으로 판단(判斷)된다. This study was conducted to select the appropriate types of drop cone for measuring soil hardness and to determine the cone index for the actual field on which rice will be transplanted. One type of drop cone was selected from the results of indoor tests and the selected drop cone was tested at the 56fields of the five different districts in Korea. The results of this study were summarized as follows; 1. Cone type D shows a significant penetrating depth variation comparing the other types of cone on the indoor tests. 2. Six types of cone were tested on the similar state of the actual puddling field. The penetrating depth variation was not significant among the cones but cone type F seemed to be suitable to evaluate the state of puddling because cone type F showed the least repeat variations during the tests. 3. The actual field test from 56 fields showed that the penetrating depth was approximately 11.0-14.4cm on the puddling day and it was 9.2-13.7cm on the transplanting day of which one to three days after puddling. 4. The above results show that the selected drop cone could be used to formulate the state of puddling.

허브부식토 및 비타민 C 급여가 홀스타인 송아지의 면역력 및 증체에 미치는 영향

김홍윤,박중국,안종호,Kim, Hong-Yun,Park, Joong-Kook,Ahn, Jong-Ho 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.4

본 실험은 허브부식토 및 비타민 C 공급에 따른 송아지의 면역력, 증체 및 건강에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 대조구, 허브부식토제제 첨가구(T1), 비타민C제제 첨가구(T2), 비타민 C제제와 허브부식토제제의 50 : 50 혼합 첨가구(T3)로 나누고 시험축은 각 시험구당 5두씩 임의 배치하여 수행하였다. 조사항목으로 혈중 대사물질, 사료섭취량, 체중 및 설사빈도를 측정하였다. 혈액성상으로 WBC, NE, LY 및 RBC은 처리간 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 증체율 및 사료효율은 허브 부식토를 급여한 T1구에서 다른 처리구와 비교하여 유의하게 가장 높았으며, 설사빈도는 허브 부식토+비타민 C 급여한 T3구에서 낮았지만 유의한 차이는 없었다. 따라서 본 연구에서의 Holstein 송아지에게 부식토 급여는 송아지의 면역성 향상에는 분명한 효과를 보이지 못하였으나 증체율과 사료효율에 있어 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 판단되었다. This study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing herbaceous peat preparation and vitamin C in order to find out its effects on immunity and growth performance in Holstein calves. Twenty Holstein calves ($39.3{\pm}4.21kg$ average initial body weight) were allocated into four treatments by completely randomized design. Dietary treatments included: 1) control (Basal diet), 2) treatment 1 (control +5% herbaceous peat), 3) treatment 2 (control+10g vitamin C) and 4) treatment 3 (control+10g herbaceous peat+10g vitamin C). The duration of the experiment was 38 days in this experiment, and blood metabolism, dry matter intake, body weight and diarrhea frequency were investigated. For blood metabolism, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NE), lymphocytes (LY), and red blood cells (RBC) did not show any significant differences among treatments. Average daily gain and feed conversion were highest in T1 group feeding with the herbaceous peat preparation compared to the control groups and diarrhea frequency showed lowest in T3 group. Overall results of the present experiment indicated that dietary supplementation with herbaceous peat influenced positively on growth performances in Holstein calves.

동력 경운기용 레벨러 제작에 관한 연구

김홍윤,이호종 ( Hong Yun Kim,Ho Jong Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 1977 바이오시스템공학 Vol.2 No.1

소형 동력경운기의 포장작업성능에 관한 연구

김홍윤,최규홍 ( Hong Yun Kim,Kyu Hong Choi ) 한국농업기계학회 1981 바이오시스템공학 Vol.6 No.1

허브부식토 급여가 비육우의 증체 및 육질개선에 미치는 영향

김홍윤,박중국,안종호,Kim, Hong-Yun,Park, Joong-Kook,Ahn, Jong-Ho 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.1

본 연구는 허브부식토 급여가 비육우의 증체 및 육질개선 효과를 조사하기 위해 대조구, 허브부식토제제 첨가구(허브초탄, T1), 코팅 비타민 C제제 첨가구(Vit. C, T2) 및 코팅 비타민 C제제와 허브부식토제제 혼합 첨가구(허브초탄+Vit. C, T3)로 나누고 공시동물은 각 시험구당 5두씩 임의 배치하여 수행하였다. 개시체중은 대조구, T1, T2 및 T3구에서 각각 $689{\pm}31$, $661{\pm}24$, $659{\pm}32$ 및 $622{\pm}19kg$이었으며, 종료 체중을 계산한 일당증체량은 T3구에서 대조구와 비교하여 8.3% 높았으며, T1 및 T2구에서도 대조구와 비교하여 약 2.9% 높았다. 실험 경과 후 BUN은 T2구에서 T3구와 비교하여 유의하게 높게 나타났으나(p<0.05), glucose, AST, ALT 및 총 단백질 함량은 차이가 없었다. 도체등급 판정에 의한 도체중, 등지방두께, 근내지방, 등심단면적, 육량지수 및 육질등급을 조사하였으나 처리구간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 등심의 조지방 함량은 T1, T2, 및 T3에서 각각 9.92, 14.69 및 13.00%로 T2구에서 대조구 및 T1구보다 높게 나타났다. 도체의 지방산 조성은 linoleic acid(C18:2n6) 경우 대조구와 비교하여 T3에서 유의하게 낮은 경향을 보였지만, ${\gamma}$linoleic acid(C18:3n6)은 T3구에서 다른 처리구와 비교하여 가장 높은 함량은 나타냈다. 전반적인 실험의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 부식토 급여가 육질 등급을 다소 개선하는 경향이 있었으나, 육량 및 육질 향상을 위한 비육 전기간 부식토를 급여하는 연구가 추 후 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding herbaceous peat on growth performance and meat quality of Holstein beef cattle. Total of 20 Holstein beef cattle (18~20 month of age, $657{\pm}31kg$ body weight) were conventionally and separately fed a concentrate diet and rice straw for 134 days. The dietary treatments were randomly assigned by complete block design into four treatments, each of which were five heads in early fattening stage. The treatments in this study were the control group fed basal diet, feeding herbaceous peat group (5%/diet, T1), feeding coated vitamin C group (20g/head, T2) and feeding mixture of herbaceous peat and coated vitamin C group (5%/diet+20g/head, T3). The initial body weights between the groups of control, T1, T2 and T3 were similar showing with $689{\pm}31$, $661{\pm}24$, $659{\pm}32$ and $622{\pm}19kg$. The daily body weight gain was higher in T3 by 8.3% than that in the control (p<0.05). Glucose concentration in control group was the highest among treatments (p<0.05), but there was no significant differences between treatments on AST (aspartate aminotransferase), ALT (alanine aminotransferase), BUN and total protein concentrations of blood. The fat content of sirloin in the T2 was significantly higher than control and T1 group (p<0.05). Meat color (CIE) values in T2 was the highest among treatments (p<0.05), and other treatments also increased those values. In overall, the feeding herbaceous peat and vitamin C to the Holstein beef cattle was considered to have positive effects on the growth performance of Holstein beef cattle. In addition, the effects on the performances of animals were more improved when fed herbaceous peat and vitamin C concurrently.

집중기획 - 목장형 유가공사업에 대한 낙농가 인식과 활성화 방안

김홍윤,최승철,김현중,Kim, Hong-Yun,Choe, Seung-Cheol,Kim, Hyeon-Jung 한국낙농육우협회 2014 낙농·육우 Vol.34 No.5

목장형 유가공사업에 대한 낙농가 인식과 활성화 방안

김홍윤 ( Hong Yun Kim ),김현중 ( Hyun Joong Kim ),허국동 ( Guodong Xu ),최승철 ( Seung Churl Choi ) 한국농업정책학회 2014 농업경영정책연구 Vol.41 No.3

This study is to analyse the vertical dairy marketing system that has not been much activated yet. The Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) is employed to do it, after surveying dairy farmers` recognition toward the marketing system. As a result, we find tasks of both farmers and government that could activate the production-to-processing business in dairy industry.

신농촌개발(新農村開發)을 위한 농학(農學),공학적(工學的) 정주생활권(定住生活圈) 모형(模型)의 개발(開發)(I) -주민(住民)의 의식조사(意識調査)-

김홍윤 ( Kim Hong Yun ),이신호 ( Rhee Shin Ho ),이홍주 ( Lee Hong Ju ),전우정 ( Jeon Woo Jeong ),정예표 ( Chung Re Pyo ),조여수 ( Cho Heung Soo ),전연길 ( Jeon Young Gill ) 한국농공학회 1992 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.34 No.3

The way of thinking of rural residents(Izuk-myun, Anseong-gun, Kyeonggi-do) was sur-veyed in order to develop the basic model of new rural setlement planning. From the data collected in this survey, rural life-style, farmers` view on traditional rural life, agriculture, farming, agri-policy, social attitude, and degree of satisfaction of rural life, etc. were analyzed. Firstly, most of rural residents interviewed in this survey have the opinion of not leaving their home village if living conditions improved to a reasonable level in the near furture. Indecision-making process of village affairs, they want to participate actively and equally. Secondly, in spite of their acceptance of agriculture as a vital sector destined to national security, in spite of their acceptance of agriculture as a vital sector destined to national security, most of them think that farming should be little of promise. Thirdly, they, have the negative attitude to urban-oriented social value and also to the agricultural policy, while seeking consolation through human and traditional viewing of rural life style. Therefore, in the development of new rural settlement model, idea-making should be directed to the betterment of communal value of village life, stability of rural economy, rationalization of rural life style and enhancement of rural-type happiness.

신농촌개발(新農村開發)을 위한 농학(農學),공학적(工學的) 정주생활권(定住生活圈) 모형(模型)의 개발(開發)(II)-토지(土地) 이용(利用) 계획(計劃)-

김홍윤 ( Kim Hong Yun ),이신호 ( Rhee Shin Ho ),이홍주 ( Lee Hong Ju ),전우정 ( Jeon Woo Jeong ),정예표 ( Chung Re Pyo ),조여수 ( Cho Heung Soo ),전영길 ( Jeon Young Gil ) 한국농공학회 1993 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.35 No.3

For a systematic approach to rural settlement planning, socio-economic and land use poten-tialities were analysed in 10 villages(“Ri”, the lowest-order administrative unit in Korea) of Izuk-myun, Anseong-gun, Kyeonggi province, the model area in this study. Socio-economic potentialities, sub-grouped into rural and urban related ones were analysed by the principal component analysis technique, while land use potentialities by the land suitability system of which the physical analysis is based on geographical information system. The principal component of rurality is strongly related with 5 key variables such as annual increasing rate of farm households, ratio of over 1ha-households, ratio of full-time farmers, ratio of animal rearing households and the principal component of urbanity with 6 key ones such as population density, number of schools, number of shops and servicing facilities, number of daily bus routes, number of non-farm households, percentage of area of housing sites. The analysis procedure of land suitability using the geographical information system were generalized and the results of analysis on village sites and paddy and upland fields were presented. The whole land use planning was presented by the criteria if the land suitability rank and the priority order of land use.

허브부식토의 사료내 첨가에 따른 In Vitro 발효특성과 젖소의 유생산성에 미치는 영향

김현섭(Hyeon Shup Kim),박중국(Joong Kook Park),김홍윤(Hong Yun Kim),김상범(Sang Bum Kim),양승학(Seung Hak Yang),김창현(Chang Hyun Kim),안종호(Jong Ho Ahn) 한국초지조사료학회 2011 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.31 No.2

본 연구는 허브 부식토를 이용하여 첨가 수준별 in vitro 반추위 발효특성 평가와 젖소를 이용하여 급여시 유생산성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 시험 1에서는 티머시 건초를 기질로 하여 허브부식토(herbaceous peat)를 0, 1 및 5%를 3반복으로 각각 첨가하여 in vitro 반추위내 pH, 가스발생량, VFA (volatile fatty acid), ammonia-N 및 건물분해율을 조사하여 반추위내 발효성상의 변화를 평가하였다. pH 변화는 0, 3, 12 및 24시간 배양에 있어서 모든 처리구에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만 6시간, 대조구에서 1 및 5% 첨가구와 비교하여 유의하게 낮은 pH를 나타냈다 (p<0.05). 가스 발생량은 배양 12시간까지 처리구에서 대조구와 비교하여 유의하게 증가하였으며 (p<0.05), 반추위액내 암모니아 농도는 모든 처리구에서 24시간까지 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으며, 처리간 유의한 차이는 없었다. 건물분해율은 모든 시간에서 5%구가 대조구 및 1%구와 비교하여 건물분해율이 높았다 (p<0.05). 따라서 허브부식토를 0, 1 및 5% 수준으로 각각 첨가하여 반추위내 in vitro 배양시간별 반추위 발효특성은 대부분 조사항목에서 처리구가 대조구에 비해 개선효과를 나타냈으며, 시험 2에서는 젖소를 이용하여 사양시험을 통해 유생산성을 평가하였으며, 우유생산량 변화와 유성분 및 체세포 수 변화를 조사하기 위해 홀스타인 착유우 16두를 공시하여 4주간 사양시험을 실시하였다. 산유량은 T3구가 25.0 ㎏으로 대조구 (23.2 ㎏), 부식토 처리구 (23.1 ㎏), 비타민 C 처리구 (23.4 ㎏)와 비교하여 수치적으로 증가하였다. 대조구와 처리구별 시험시작전?후 유성분 (유지방, 유단백, 유당, MUN 및 SNF) 및 체세포 수의 변화는 일부 유의성이 인정되었다 (p<0.05). 4주간의 시험 기간 중 전반기 (1~2주)와 후반기 (3~4주)의 유성분 변화를 보면 부식토 첨가구에 있어서 유단백질과 SNF가 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 대조구와 처리구의 시험 시작 전?후의 혈액내 영양성분 (총단백질, 콜레스테롤, NEFA, BUN), 간기능 성분 (AST, GGT) 및 무기물 (Ca, P, Mg)에서 뚜렷한 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 착유우에 부식토를 급여하는 것이 유성분, 체세포 수 및 생리적으로 긍정적인 영향을 줄 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted to determine effects of dietary herbaceous peat on in vitro fermentation and milk production in dairy cows. Ruminal pH, gas production, VFA (volatile fatty acid), Ammonia-N, and rumen degradability were examined by the addition of three times over 0, 1, and 5% herbaceous peat with substrate of timothy hay, and the change of rumen fermentation characteristics were evaluated. In 0, 3, 12 and 24 hours cultivation, all treatments did not show a significant difference but the control at 6 hours appeared significantly lower pH compared to 1 and 5% treatments (p<0.05). The gas production of the treatments significantly increased until 12 hours of cultivation compared to control (p<0.05), the rumen ammonia concentration showed a tendency to increase until 24 hours in all treatment groups, and there was no significant difference between treatments. About the rumen degradability, 5% treatment showed higher rumen degradability in all hours than control and 1% treatment (p<0.05). Meanwhile, for in vivo trial, 16 heads of Holstein lactation dairy cows were selected for experiment for four weeks in order to research the change of milk yield, milk compositions and change of somatic cell counts of lactation dairy cows by herbaceous peat feeding. The milk yield of vitamin C and herbaceous peat treatments (T3) was 25.0 ㎏ but the control was 23.2 ㎏, herbaceous peat treatment (T1) was 23.1 ㎏, and vitamin C treatment (T2) was 23.4 ㎏, so there was linear increase effect of milk yield by T3. The partial significance of the milk (fat, milk protein, lactose, MUN and SNF) and change of somatic cell count before and after experiment by the control and treatments about change of milk and somatic cell counts (p<0.05) were recognized. About change of milk in the first half (1~2 weeks) and latter half (3~4 weeks) during four weeks of experiments period, the herbaceous peat supplement treatments showed a tendency of significant decrease of quality of milk protein and SNF. The control and treatments did not show significant change of blood nutrients (total protein, cholesterol, NEFA, BUN), liver function component (AST, GGT) and minerals (Ca, P, Mg) before and after experiment. In summary, it is judged that herbaceous peat feeding for lactation dairy cows would be recommendable based on the results of milk, somatic cell count physiologically.