N-p-Nitrophenyl Poly(m-Phenylene Isophthalamide)의 합성

김홍범,김동현,이재웅,송상엽,김낙중,Hongbum Kim,Donghyun Kim,Jaewung Lee,Sangyeop Song,Nakjoong Kim 대한화학회 1993 대한화학회지 Vol.37 No.2

N-p-nitrophenyl poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)는 poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)를 디메틸술폭사이드(DMSO) 용매속에서 수소화나트륨(NaH)과 반응시킨 후, 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene을 첨가하여 43 wt%를 얻었다. 고유점성도는 폴리머를 98% 황산에 녹여 $30^{\circ}C$에서 측정하였으며 그 값은 0.606g/cm${\cdot}$sec(0.125g/25ml)였다. Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) 합성에 있어서, 1,3-페닐디아민은 트리에틸아민과 트리에틸아민·염화수소가 있는 클로로포름 용매속에서 클로로이소프탈산과 반응에 의해 얻어졌다. 고유 점성도 값은 같은 조건에서 0.560g/cm${\cdot}$sec 였다. N-p-nitrophenyl poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)의 치환비율은 $^1H-NMR$ integration에 의해 16.7~47.0%였다. 고유점성도가 큰 poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)를 사용했을 때는 치환비율이 낮았다. N-p-nitrophenyl poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) was obtained from treatment of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) with sodium hydride in dimethyl sulfoxide followed by the addition of 1-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene in 43 wt% yield. Its inherent viscosity was 0.606 g/cm${\cdot}$sec determined from a solution of 0.125 g of the above polymer dissolved in 25 ml of 98% sulfuric acid at $30^{\circ}C.$ In order to synthesize poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), 1,3-phenylenediamine is allowed to react with isophthaloyl chloride in chloroform in the presence of triethylamine and added triethylamine hydrochloride. The value of inherent viscosity is 0.560 g/cm${\cdot}$sec measured at the same condition. The substitution ratio of N-p-nitrophenyl poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) was to be 16.7∼47.0% by using the $^1H-NMR$ integration. When the higher inherent viscosity of poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) was used, lower substitution ratio would be calculated.

Studies on Synthesis of Block Copolymers Containing Polyester and Polypeptide for Drug Delivery System Ⅰ. Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymer of L-Lactic Acid and L-Glutamic Acid

김홍범,성용길,정재희,백형게,민태진,김영순,Kim, Hong Beom,Seong, Yong Gil,Jeong, Jae Hui,Baek, Hyeong Ge,Min, Tae Jin,Kim, Yeong Sun Korean Chemical Society 1990 대한화학회지 Vol.34 No.2

의약 전달체에 사용되는 생체분해성 고분자로서 L-lactic acid 와 L-glutamic acid가 각기 다른 조성비로 이루어진 공중합체를 합성하였다. Poly (L-lactide)는 zink oxide를 이용하여 합성하였으며, Poly (L-lactide) 말단에 3-Amino-l-propanol을 도입시킨 다음 이미 합성된 γ-benzyl-L-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride (γ-BLG-NCA)를 개환중합시켜서 block copoly (L-lactide-γ-benzyl-L-glutamate)를 합성하였다. NMR로써 L-lactide와 γ-BLG-NCA가 서로 일정한 비율로 이루어진 공중합체가 합성되었음을 확인하였으며, 생성된 공중합체들의 열적성질은 시차주사열량계법 및 열무게 측정법으로 조사하였다. As a possible biocompatible and biodegrable polymer skeleton for drug delivery system, block copolymers of L-lactic acid and L-glutamic acid with different composition were synthesized and characterized. Poly (L-lactide) was prepared by polymerization of L-lactide with zine oxide at $130^{\circ}C$ for 72 hrs. 3-Amino-l-propanol was introduced to poly (L-lactide) by an ester linkage in order to initiate polymerization. Polymerization of $\gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate-N-carboxyanhydride(\gamma-BLG-NCA)$ utiliizing the amino group of modified poly (L-lactide) as an initiator gave rise to the block copoly $(L-lactide-\gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate).$ The NMR study of resulting block copolymers showed that the composition of L-lactic acid and $\gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate$ in block copolymers was depended on the weight ratio of poly (L-lactide) and $\gamma-BLG-NCA.$ The thermal properties of the resulting block copolymers were determined by the differential scanning calorimetry and by the thermogravimetry.

오스템퍼드 구상흑연주철의 마멸 특성에 미치는 잔류 오스테나이트의 영향에 관한 연구

김홍범,주도재,최창옥 ( Hong Beom Kim,Do Jae Joo,Chang Ock Choi ) 한국주조공학회 1996 한국주조공학회지 Vol.16 No.6

N/A Austempered ductile irons(ADI) are characterized by their relatively high retained austenite content which has a significant effect on mechanical properties and performance, such as ductility, toughness, wear resistance and machinability. Austenitising treatment at 900℃ for 1∼2hours, and austempering treatment within the temperature range 240∼400℃ on ductile cast iron alloyed with Cu and Mo were carried out, and the effects of retained austenite content on the mechanical properties and wear resistance were investigated. In consequence, the amount of retained austenite was found to be 13.5% at the austempering temperature of 240℃, and was increased 28% at 400℃. Tensile strength and hardness of austempered ductile iron were decreased as the retained austenite content increased, but elongation was increased. The retained austenite content at the austenitising time of 2hours was more than at l hour. The amounts of rolling wear loss were increased as the retained austenite content increased, and the wear surface was become to be rough.

박물관의 조명환경 계획에 대한 소고

김홍범,Kim, Hong-Bum 국립문화재연구소 1995 保存科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-

In this paper the fundamental elements relevant to schematic daylighting design for museum are discussed and suggested. The illuminance difference between outdoor and exhibition space in consideration of the constraints necessary for the conservation of artifacts can be solved by conversion into Luminance. Also it is considered that transition zone in two stages should be provided for adaption before entering exhibition space and overall luminance within the visual field along viewing circulation should be balanced including the apertures designed for introducing the daylight or visual linking.

진열장 조명의 이론적 기준과 시설에 대한 고찰

김홍범,Kim, Hong-Bum 국립문화재연구소 1996 保存科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-

There have been many studies and experiments regarding exhibition lighting. Many experiments on photochemical damaging effect and visibility resulted in a practice limited to assigning light levels and adjusting annual exposure time. The three damaging factors to the artifacts are intrinsicsusceptibility to absorb radiant energy, spectral distribution of light source and intensity of illumination and time of exposure. Dividing all the artfacts into three categories to suggest a recommended illuminance level causes some problems. Blue wool, for example, used as the reference material for susceptibility, is not a standard material representing museum artifacts. In the most light sensitive category, ISO class I or anything below have been excluded. The exposure time of one soure can be three times more than another sourece. The spectral distribution of the light source and the relative spectral responsibility of the artifact are not considered in the practice. So in case of very light sensitive material, the recommended illuminance is only the referring value and it is indispensable to check the characteristic of susceptibility of each artifacts. Daylighting is prevailing method to solve the psychological need of the visitors. However, it sould transparent, and should not diffused, and the green-house effect must be considered. llluminance uniformity should based on the maximum illuminance to handle the limitation of exposure for the conservation of a large sensitive object such as a painting. Damage index is not absolute reference for selecting the lighting source because it is experimented from the paper of low grade then calculated. Visibility should be increased by reducing the visual noiseand by planning of appropriate luminance contrast. This paper reviews the problems with the previous studies and experiment sand the current exhibition lighting design practice. The plan for museum showcase lighting is to check the susceptibility and to raise the visibility simultaneously.

전시물의 변색 예측을 이용한 박물관 조명기준의 작성

김홍범,김훈,권세혁,Kim, Hong-Bum,Kim, Hoon,Kwon, Sae-Hyuk 한국조명전기설비학회 1996 조명.전기설비 Vol.10 No.6

박물관에서는 조명에 의한 전시물의 손상을 최소화하고 관객의 인식의 편의성을 증진시키기 위하여 적절한 조명 기준이 요구된다. 기준의 작성을 위하여 각국의 박물관 조명 기준을 분석하였다. 우리나라 고유의 유물에 대한 변색 특성을 측정한 결과를 이용하여, 각종 광원에 의해 눈에 뜨이는 변색이 일어나는 적산조도를 계산하고 ISO등급에 따른 분류에 수행하였다. 조명기준을 만드는 데에 필요한 여러 가지 고려 사항과 이 사항들에 대하여 결정을 내리는 과정을 서술하였다. 최종적으로 국내의 박물관에 적용할 수 있는 조명기준을 제시하였다. An appropriate lighting standard for the museum is needed to minimize the deterioration of the exhibits by the light and to increase the ease of perception of visitors. To make the standard, museum lighting recommendations of several countries were analyzed. Using measured color change characteristics of Korean traditional artifacts, illuminance-hours for the artifacts with noticeable color change were calculated for various light sources, and the artifacts were classified into ISO levels. Considerations for making lighting standard and the proceedings to make a decision for the considerations were described. Finally, lighting standard which can be applicable to Korean museum was presented.

영국의 오토바이용 타이어 시장

김홍범,Kim, Hong-Beom 대한타이어공업협회 2003 타이어 Vol.215 No.-

주철의 열처리조건에 의한 조직 및 기계적 성질에 관한 연구 (1)

김홍범,최창옥 ( Hong Beom Kim,Chang Ock Choi ) 한국주조공학회 1982 한국주조공학회지 Vol.2 No.2

N/A This study has been carried out to determine the change of mechanical properties and microstructures by the heattreatment to relieve the residual stresses for gray cast irons. The results have been obtained from the experiment as follows; 1) The annealing above 600℃ for the stress relieving of gray cast iron decrease the tensile strength and hardness 2) The decrease reates of tensile strength and hardness of gray cast iron after annealing above 600℃ are increased with increasing the holding time. 3) The gray cast iron containing the elements of Mn, Cr has increased the heating temperature for the decrease of tensile strength and hardness. 4) The decrease of mechanical properties by annealing are assumed that the formation of ferrite takes placed from the decomposition of eutectoid cementite in the matrix.

리조트 선택속성에 관한 비교연구

김홍범(Kim Hong-bumm),김유하(Kim Yu-Ha),김나은(Kim Na-Eun) 한국관광레저학회 2011 관광레저연구 Vol.23 No.3

상징어를 활용한 탐구학습

김홍범(Kim Hong-beom) 국어교육학회 2009 국어교육연구 Vol.44 No.-