한국어에서의 겹받침 줄임에 대한 재고 : 최적선별이론을 중심으로 하여

김형엽 우리어문학회 1994 우리어문연구 Vol.8 No.1

글로벌 마이스 산업에 공들이는 포항… 새 랜드마크 포엑스 뜬다

김형엽 (주)에쎈에스미디어 2025 마이스 전국축제이야기 Vol.- No.-

영어 중첩복합어 분석

김형엽 국제언어인문학회 2002 인문언어 Vol.3 No.-

The main purpose of this paper is to show how Jespersen analyzed the date of English compound related with reduplication. Especially dealing with the compound words he classified the examples related with reduplication as a separate part and attempted to account for the patters based on the structure of the first syllable constituting the initial part of the second element in a compound word. 1 tried to explain the peculiar shape of the reduplicational pattern in English based on the Optimality Theory, especially the method of 'melodic overwriting' of McCarthy(1997). According to the analysis the initial part of the second element of a compound has to be stipulated before reduplication occurs. When the reduplicant has to be decided at the first syllable of the second element, the form which is stipulated to take the position comes to appear at the post instead of repeating the morphemic shape of the first syllable at the first element of the word.

인도의 언어이론과 파니니

김형엽 국제언어인문학회 2001 인문언어 Vol.2 No.-

In the history of linguistics in the world the scholars in India could be regarded as the representative linguists, who had provided the cornerstone of the academic development at linguistics. Without looking into the contents of Indian linguistic theories devised and developed in the past it would be almost impossible to account for the origin of descriptive linguistics and historical linguistics. These linguistics trends became full-fledged in 19 and 20 century and are still accepted by a lot of researchers in order to analyze newly revealed languages and train students only coming up the toddling level of linguistic studies. In this paper I will show how far the influence of Indian linguistics has colored the flow of linguistic growth historically. Especially through the analysis of Panini grammar I will prove the intimate relationship between the Indian linguistic theory and the generative grammar - it is the most active theory at present. The methods that Panini applied to constitute the rules like sutra include lots of information, that also could be discovered at the rules postulated in the generative grammar. One of the common features found at both linguistic theories is the simplicity of rule representation. At the generative grammar a rule has to be established without any redundancy. When certain number of sounds like p, b, m show the same phonological. change relevant to lips (labial in linguistic term) different rules need not to be given for each sound separately. It is better to find a way of putting the sounds together in a rule with grouping the 3 sounds with the shared phonetic feature 'labial'. In Panini grammar the form of a rule was decided based on the simplicity, too. For example, sutra 6.1.77 shows the phonological connection between the vowels i, u r 1 and the semi-vowels y, v, r, 1. However, it does not require to postulate 4 individual rules respectively. Instead a rule in which the vowels and the semi-vowels are involved is suggested, and linguistically the rule make it clear that the more simpler the rules will be the better they can reflect the efficiency of human language acquisition. Although the systems introduced at Panini grammar have some sense of distance from the language education itself we cannot deny the fact that the grammar formulates the a turning point of linguistic development. It is essential for us to think over the grammar from the view point of the modem linguistic theories to understand their root and trunk more thoroughly. It will also help us to predict in which way linguistic tendency will proceed to in future.

최적의 인쇄품질 관리를 위한 측정 장비 구축!

김형엽 한국인쇄학회 2023 한국인쇄학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.05

자연발생 당뇨쥐의 신장에서 섬유화 초래인자인Transforming Growth Factor-β1의 발현

김형엽,장재휘,한상미,박성배,김현철,박관규,안기성 대한신장학회 2003 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.22 No.2

Background:Diabetic nephropathy is a common cause of end-stage renal disease by means of glomerular and interstitial fibrosis. Increases in extracellular matrix (ECM) and changes in its components have been documented in the glomeruli of diabetic nephropathy. Fibrogenic cytokines, particularly transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, play a central role in progressive renal fibrosis. Activated TGF-β1 is known to increase the production of ECM as collagen and fibronectin. Otsuka Long- Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat is an inbred strain that spontaneously develops non-insulin-dependent diabets mellitus which progresses to diabetic glomerulosclerosis. This study is examined the time points and localization of TGF-β1 in diabetic glomerulosclerosis of OLETF rats. Methods:OLETF rats, a chronic model for human type 2 diabetes mellitus, and age-matched control (LETO) rats were used. Blood was assayed for glouse and body weight were measured. From rats aged 30 to 60 weeks, animals were sacrificed under ether anesthesia, and both kidneys were removed. Portions of these tissues were processed for light microscopy and immunohistochemistry of TGF-β1. TGF-β1 mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results:The body weights of OLETF rats were significantly greater than those of LETO rats from the age of 30 to 40 weeks, but those of OLETF rats gradually decreased after 40 weeks of age. There were no differences in body weights between these two strains at 50 weeks of age. Blood glucose levels of OLETF rats increased significantly with aging and were significantly higher than those of LETO rats after 32 weeks of age. There was no significant fibrosis in kidney of OLETF and LETO rats at all ages examined. The TGF-β1 protein was detected in the glomerular endothelial cells and tubular epithelial cells of OLETF rats at 35 to 38 weeks of age. The TGF-β1 protein in tubular epithelial cells of OLETF rats was strongly expressed at 60 weeks of age, whereas the glomerular endothelial cells scarcely detected the expression of TGF-β1 protein. In LETO rat kidneys, the TGF-β1 protein is detected in the glomerular endothelial cells at 35 weeks of ages, but is not detected in any other cells. The TGF-β1 mRNA of OLETF rats were increased at 32 weeks of age, higher than that of control LETO rats. Conclusion:Until 60 weeks of age, glomerular sclerosis became very weakly in OLETF rats. However, in 30-week-old OLETF rats, the blood gloucose levels and TGF-β1 protein increased significantly. The TGF-β1 protein was detected in the glomerular endothelial cells and tubular epithelial cells of OLETF rats at 37 weeks of age 목 적:당뇨병성 신질환은 당뇨병증에서 나타나는 합병증의 하나로서 사구체경화에 의한 신장의 기능상실로 이어진다. 이러한 당뇨병적 사구체경화와 과혈당증은 세포외기질의 증가로 인해 일어난다고 알려져 있으며, 그 중에 하나로 transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1의 과발현에 기인한다고 알려져 있다. 당뇨병에 의해 사구체의 경화가 일어나면 그 회복이 불가능하며 근본적인 치료법이 정립되어 있지 않기 때문에, TGF-β1의 발현시기와 위치를 찾는 것은 이를 바탕으로한 치료 시기 및 방법 결정에 크게 도움이 될 것이다. 방 법:자연발생적인 제 2형 당뇨병 모델인 OLETF 쥐를 사용하였으며, 대조군으로는 유전적으로 유사하나 당뇨병이 발생하지 않는 LETO 쥐를 사용하여, 당뇨에 의한 사구체 섬유화와 TGF-β1의 발현양상을 비교 조사하였다. 당뇨병적인 증상이 관찰된 쥐를 30주부터 60주까지 혈당과 체중을 측정하였고, 희생 후 신장을 적출하여 형태학적인 변화를 관찰하고, TGF-β1에 대한 면역조직화학적 염색 및 RT-PCR을 실시하여 TGF-β1의 발현 양과 발현 부위를 조사하였다. 결 과:37주째의 혈당은 OLETF 쥐와 LETO 쥐에서 각각 237 mg/dL와 131 mg/dL이었으며, 체중에 있어서는 OLETF쥐가 LETO에 비하여 유의하게 증가하였다. HE염색을 통한 형태학적 관찰에서는 60주까지도 사구체경화는 확인되지 않았다. 그러나 TGF-β1에 대한 면역조직화학적 염색 결과, 30주에서 40주까지의 OLETF 쥐에서 사구체 내피세포에서 TGF-β1이 발현됨을 확인할 수 있었고, 37주부터는 세뇨관 상피세포에서도 TGF-β1의 발현을 확인할 수 있었다. 60주 OLETF 쥐의 사구체 내피세포에서는 TGF-β1의 발현은 없었으나, 세뇨관 상피세포에서는 많은 양의 TGF-β1의 발현을 관찰할 수 있었다. 30주째의 OLETF 쥐와 LETO 쥐로부터 RNA를 분리하여 TGF-β1 mRNA에 대한 RT-PCR 결과, LETO 쥐에 비하여 OLETF 쥐에서 TGF-β1 mRNA의 발현이 의의있게 많았다. 대조군인 LETO 쥐는 유의할 만한 TGF-β1의 발현이 없었다. 결 론:본 연구에서 OLETF 쥐의 사구체 섬유화는 60주까지도 매우 느리게 진행되었으나, 30주 이후에 혈당과 TGF-β1의 발현은 크게 증가하였다. OLETF 쥐 37주째부터는 TGF-β1의 발현이 사구체 내피세포에서 뿐만 아니라 세뇨관 상피세포에서도 과다 발현되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

한국어 굴절접미사 연구

김형엽 한국음운론학회 1997 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.3 No.-

Kim, Hyoung-youb. 1997. A Study on Inflection in Korean. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 3, 77-97. This paper is to show that inflection in Korean should be reconsidered to account for the redundant distribution of a nominative honorific suffix and a nominative case marker in the same word. According to the analysis based on morphosyntax the combination of these suffixes in the same word doesn't have to occur in any case. However, as Sells (1995) has shown the two suffixes are allowed to be combined without causing any grammatical problems in Korean. In this paper I will show that these suffixes are not included in the same category in order to support the appearance of these suffixes in the same word. Based on Booij (1995) and MarIe (1995) the honorific suffixes such as '-kkeyse, -kkey' will be classified as inherent inflection, while other suffixes such as case markers and topic markers will be classified as contextual inflection. Thus, the combination of an honorific suffix and a case marker would cause no problems because they are included in different categories, which possess different morphological functions. (Korea University at Seochang Campus)

영어 교육 ESP 부문에서의 EST 분야 수업 설계 및 운영

김형엽 한국ESP학회 2019 ESP REVIEW Vol.1 No.2

With the era of globalization and the 4th industrial revolution upon us, the industrial sector has expanded the range of its own influence not only in many nations but also in various regions. In order to keep pace with these trends, English teaching methods that have been embraced by most universities in Korea are now facing fundamental problems. Several educational experts pointed out various deficiencies because they believed that traditional teaching methods could not nurture properly trained human resources with qualified talents. First of all, I maintain that it is necessary to find a new way of teaching and encouraging students which can allow them to actively check the level of appropriateness of their developmental learning process. With the advent of the Flip learning method and the MOOC system, it has become possible for a student to be exposed to the process of finding one’s own learning process and customizing the direction of learning. These new methods can also serve as the basis for developing the potential to allow students to keep abreast of the transformations occurring in society as it transitions to the future. In this sense, I think another blueprint for English education is urgently needed that reflects the new course operation system to which Flip learning and MOOC adhere. Thus, in this paper, I propose the FLMR model approach integrating the two methods, and attempt to find the most effective English teaching method that simultaneously covers the areas of humanities and science. Moreover, I am confident that the model can provide an important foundation for EST education and a new direction in English classrooms because it reflects not only the properties of humanities majors, but also those of science-related fields, without leaning to heavily in the direction of EAP, which used to be the bedrock for English classes in the past.

Peanut Protease Inhibitor의 阻害機構

金泂燁 국민대학교 1986 기초과학연구소 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Inula britannica fermented with probiotic Weissella cibaria D30 exhibited anti-inflammatory effect and increased viability in RAW 264.7 cells

김형엽,배원영,유형석,장경훈,홍영호,이나경,백현동 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.4

The objective of this study was to increase the bioavailability of Inula britannica (IB) through fermentation with probiotic Weissella cibaria D30, and to evaluate the chemical composition, viability, and anti-inflammatory effect of fermented I. britannica (FIB). IB was fermented with W. cibaria D30 at 37 C for 24 h. FIB increased total phenolic content and decreased total flavonoid content of IB. 1-O-acetylbritannilactone and ergolide production, which are associated with the viability, increased from 1.38 to 4.13 lg/mg, and decreased from 5.24 to 0.94 lg/mg, in the control and FIB, respectively. In addition, the cell viability of RAW264.7 cells increased when pretreated with 400 lg/mL FIB. FIB inhibited the production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting NF-jB and MAPKs pathways. Therefore, FIB with W. cibaria D30 reduced the toxicity and increased the anti-inflammatory properties. These results indicate that FIB is a potential beneficial bioactive agent for functional foods.