한글 체크리스트로부터 테스트 케이스 자동 생성 방안

김현동,김대준,정기현,최경희,박호준,이용윤,Kim, Hyun Dong,Kim, Dae Joon,Chung, Ki Hyun,Choi, Kyung Hee,Park, Ho Joon,Lee, Yong Yoon 한국정보처리학회 2017 정보처리학회논문지. 소프트웨어 및 데이터 공학 Vol.6 No.8

본 논문에서는 임베디드 시스템 테스트에 많이 사용되는 테스트 항목이 기술된 체크리스트를 기반으로 테스트 케이스를 자동으로 생성하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 일반적으로 체크리스트에는 테스트하고자 하는 항목이 정의되어 있다. 하지만 대부분의 테스트 케이스 생성 전략에서는 테스트 하고자하는 항목뿐만 아니라 다양한 변이 조건에서도 테스트하기를 권하고 있다. 제안하는 방법은 한글로 기술된 체크리스트를 분석하여 시스템 입출력과 연산 정보를 찾아낸다. 그리고 찾아낸 정보와 설정하는 테스트 케이스 생성 전략에 따라 테스트 케이스를 자동으로 생성한다. 이 방법은 테스트 케이스를 수동으로 생성할 때, 일으킬 수 있는 오류를 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 체크리스트에는 기술되지 않는 다양한 변이 테스트 케이스도 생성할 수 있다. 제안된 방법은 구현되고, 실제 의료기기용 임베디드 시스템의 체크리스트를 사용하여 실험을 진행한다. 실험에서는 체크리스트로부터 여러 커버리지에 적절한 테스트 케이스가 오류 없이 통계적으로 정확히 생성되었음을 확인할 수 있어서 제안된 방법의 유용성을 보여준다. This paper proposes a method to generate test cases in an automatic manner, based on checklist containing test cases used for testing embedded systems. In general, the items to be tested are defined in a checklist. However, most test case generation strategies recommend to test a system with not only the defined test items but also various mutated test conditions. The proposed method parses checklist in Korean file and figures out the system inputs and outputs, and operation information. With the found information and the user defined test case generation strategy, the test cases are automatically generated. With the proposed method, the errors introduced during manual test case generation may be reduced and various test cases not defined in checklist can be generated. The proposed method is implemented and the experiment is performed with the checklist for an medical embedded system. The feasibility of the proposed method is shown through the test cases generated from the checklist. The test cases are adequate to the coverages and their statistics are correct.

다중경로 전송 채널 특성에 강건한 적응 MIMO-OFDM 시스템

김현동,최상호,Kim, Hyun-Dong,Choe, Sang-Ho 한국통신학회 2007 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.32 No.7a

적응 전송 MIMO(multiple input multiple output)-OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) 시스템은 CSI(channel state information)의 되먹임을 이용하여 각 부반송파의 채널 상황에 따라 변조 방식을 다르게 전송하는 시스템이다. CSI 되먹임 채널인 상향링크 채널에는 송수신기 처리지연, 전송 지연, 프레임 지연 등 다중 지연 요소가 존재한다. 이러한 다중 지연요소로 인한 CSI 불일치는 채널 상황에 따라 적절한 변조 방식을 결정하는데 오류를 발생시키게 되어 시스템 성능을 떨어트린다. 본 논문에서는 적응 시스템에 내장되는 다중 지연 채널 예측 방식인 CTSBP(comb type samples based prediction)와 BTSBP(block type samples based prediction)에 대해 전송 지연 및 채널 신호 대 잡음비에 따른 MSE (mean square error), 데이터 율 등 성능을 비교한다. 이를 통하여 악조건 다중경로 채널환경에 강건한 적응 전송 SISO(single input single output)-OFDM/MIMO-OFDM을 설계한다. 또한 CSI 되먹임 오버헤드를 줄이기 위한 방안으로 선형보간 방법을 제안하고 선형 보간 간격에 따른 MSE를 도출한다. Adaptive MIMO-OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system adaptively changes modulation scheme depending on feedback channel state information (CSI). The CSI feedback channel which is the reverse link channel has multiple symbol delays including propagation delay, processing delay, frame delay, etc. The unreliable CSI due to feedback delay degrades adaptive modulation system performance. This paper compares the MSE and data capacity with respect to delay and channel signal to noise ratio for the two multi-step channel prediction schemes, CTSBP and BTSBP, such that robust adaptive SISO-OFDM/MIMO-OFDM is designed over severe mobile multipath channel conditions. This paper presents an interpolation method to reduce feedback overhead for adaptive MIMO-OFDM and shows MSE with respect to interpolation interval.

치과 진료실에서 3D 프린트의 활용

김현동,Kim, Hyun Dong 대한심미치과학회 2018 Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistr Vol.27 No.2

3D 프린팅은 삼차원 이미지 정보를 이용하여 레이어로 분할한 후 선택한 소재를 적층하여 가공하는 방법을 말한다. 소재를 적층하는 방법에 따라 다양한 종류의 3D 프린팅이 존재하는데 최근 치과분야에서는 SLA방식과 DLP방식으로 광원을 이용한 경화를 통해 적층 가공하는 3D 프린팅이 널리 보급되어 사용되고 있다. 전악 범위의 3D프린팅 치과용 모델은 전통적인 인상 채득으로 제작된 스톤모델보다는 다소 정확성이 부족한 것으로 보고되었으나, 같은 STL파일을 이용하여 4분악 범위를 3D 프린팅한 모델은 밀링 방법으로 가공한 모델보다 정확하였다. 디자인 소프트웨어의 활용도에 따라 보철치료의 진단, 임시 보철물의 제작, 의치의 제작이 가능하였다. 교정에서는 투명 교정 모델과 브라켓 간접 부착을 위한 트레이 제작이 가능하였다. 임플란트 수술에 있어서 CT를 기반으로 한 정확한 위치에 임플란트를 식립하는 가이드 제작에 활용하고 있다. 출력 방식의 발전으로 인하여 3D 프린터의 출력시간이 계속적으로 단축되고 있으며, 이로 인해 치과 진료실 내에서 3D 프린터가 기존의 전통적인 가공 방법을 대체할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 3D printing is a process of producing 3d object from a digital file in STL format by joining, bonding, sintering or polymerizing small volume elements by layer. The various type of 3d printing is classified according to the additive manufacturing strategies. Among the types of 3D printer, SLA(StereoLithography Apparatus) and DLP(Digital Light Processing) 3D printer which use polymerization by light source are widely used in dental office. In the previous study, a full-arch scale 3d printed model is less precise than a conventional stone model. However, in scale of quadrant arch, a 3d printed model is significantly precise than a five-axis milled model. Using $3^{rd}$ Party dental CAD program, full denture, provisional crowns and diagnostic wax-up model are fabricated by 3d printer in dental office. In Orthodontics, based on virtual setup model, indirect bracket bonding tray can be generated by 3d printer. And thermoforming clear aligner can be fabricated on the 3d printed model. 3D printed individual drilling guide enable the clinician to place the dental implant on the proper position. The development of layer additive technology enhance the quality of 3d printing object and shorten the operating time of 3D printing. In the near future, traditional dental laboratory process such as casting, denture curing will be replaced by digital 3D printing.

임플란트 가이드 수술시 고려사항

김현동,Kim, Hyun Dong 대한심미치과학회 2019 Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistr Vol.28 No.1

우리나라 치과의 CBCT 보급률은 세계적으로 높은 편으로, 최근 1만대 보급을 돌파하고 있는 것으로 파악된다. 또한 최근 각 치과 제조업체마다 DLP방식의 In-House방식의 3D 프린터 보급률 또한 가파르게 상승하고 있다. 이에 맞춰 최근 개원가에서 CBCT와 구강 스캔 정보를 이용한 컴퓨터 가이드 임플란트 수술의 활용도가 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 현재 컴퓨터 가이드를 이용한 임플란트 수술 방법에 대해 문헌상 고찰을 통해 리뷰해보고, 또한 정확성 및 신뢰성이 보장되는 가이드 수술을 위한 고려사항에 대해 정리해보고자 한다. Nowadays, Cone-Beam CT is widely supplied in dental clinics, the distribution rate in south korea is highly ranked worldwidely. Recently, The number of Cone-Beam CTs reached 10 thousands according to national healthcare system report. Also, dental manufacturers released many kinds of In-house 3D digital printers, the distribution rate of which rises rapidly in dental clinics. Accordingly, using Cone-Beam CT data and Intraloral scan data, the application of implant guide surgery is widespread in a unit of private clinic. Through the previous articles, the latest methods of computer-guided implant surgery are reviewed, and also the considerations for precise and reliable guide surgery are summarized.

국내 교류 전기철도 급전계통 보호용 과전류 계전기 모델링 및 과부하 보호 협조에 관한 연구

김현동(Hyun-Dong Kim),조규정(Gyu-Jung Cho),허승훈(Seung-Hoon Huh),김철환(Chul-Hwan Kim) 대한전기학회 2016 전기학회논문지 Vol.65 No.7

In this paper, modeling of overcurrent relay(OCR) to protect domestic AC electric railway Auto Transformer(AT) feeding system and operation characteristic analysis on overload condition are described. The target system of this paper is actual site where overload trip of circuit breaker occurs frequently. Because this AT feeding system is made of parallel single track which had a load(electric train) respectively, and is connected with only T phase of Scott Transformer. In addition, this system has been feeding 66kV voltage by KEPCO, not 154kV. We focus on protective coordination of Scott Transformer primary side and secondary side OCR for Korea single track AC electrical railway system in operation currently. We modeled single track AT feeding system and OCR. Also we performed faults and overload analysis for verification of OCR"s setting values and system modeling. To analyze above mentioned research, we used PSCAD/EMTDC software tool.

사법 : 증권인수인의 주의의무와 손해배상책임에 관한 연구

김현동 ( Hyun Dong Kim ),이재열 ( Jae Yeol Lee ) 한양대학교 법학연구소 2011 법학논총 Vol.28 No.1

If the person acquired securities suffers damages from a false description or representation of any material fact in a registration statement and an investment prospectus or omitting a material fact therefrom, underwriters are liable for the damages under Article 125, section (1)(5) of Capital Market and Financial Investment Business Act(the "Act"). In this connection, several issues would arise regarding to whether it is desirable to have underwriters be liable for a false description or representation of a registration statement and investment prospectus even though issuers are primarily responsible for preparing those documents, the level of due diligence which could be regarded as appropriate for exempting from underwriters` liabilities. The reason why underwriters are liable for false description of business report are based on the necessity of protecting investors regarding to the practice of underwriters and status of stock market. Regarding to the interpretation for Article 125, Section (1) of Act, that is reasonable care, this paper suggests that it is appropriate if underwriters had, after reasonable investigation, reasonable ground to believe and did believe that the statements therein were true and that there was no omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Act prescribes that lead underwriter is only liable for damages when multiple underwriters are engaged in underwriting. It is desirable to extend the scope of underwriter liable for damages to managing underwriters or participant underwriters.

SNS시대의 테러범죄 변화에 따른 민간조사원(탐정) 활용방안

김현동(Kim, Hyun Dong),이기세(Lee, Ki Se),장동수(Jang, Dong Su) 한국테러학회 2014 한국테러학회보 Vol.7 No.2

최근 들어, SNS시대로 접어들면서 정보통신기술을 이용한 해킹이나 바이러스를 유포하여 시스템 장애를 일으키는 사이버 테러리즘이 증가하고 있다. 이는 전반적인 사회기반을 붕괴할 수 있을 정도로 위협하고 있으며, 또한 치명적인 결과를 가져올 수 있다. 사이버공간에서 발생하고 있는 작고 단순한 공격행위나 해킹일지라도 향후 사회질서 및 국가안보를 위협하는 결과로 이어질 가능성을 가지고 있다는 점에 주목할 필요가 있어, 공공기관과 민간기관에서는 실효성 있는 대응체계를 마련해야 한다. 한정된 경찰력을 뒷받침해줄 수 있는 민간인력을 육성할 수 있는 방안으로 박근혜 정부는 2014년 3월 18일 '신 직업 육성'이라는 계획아래, 사설탐정이라고 불리우는 민간조사원제도를 육성하겠다고 공식화 하였다. 이에 민간조사원제도를 사실상 공식화하기 위해 여러 유관기관에서 논의하고 있다. 이러한 점을 고려할 때 민간조사원이 은밀하게 증거를 수집하고 정보를 입수하여 위험성을 사전에 확인하고 조치ㆍ예방하는 것이 효과적일 것이다. 신속하게 처리해야 하는 범죄를 조사하는데 효과적인 민간조사제도를 국가의 공적인 사법기관이 개입하기 곤란한 산업스파이와 같은 기업범죄 등에 활용함으로서 기업 뿐만 아니라 국가, 나아가 국민의 경제의 손실을 예방할 수 있는 제도가 될 수 있을 것이다. 이를 보완하기 위한 특별법 등을 제정하여 양성화하고, 민간차원에서의 국민에 대한 치안서비스를 제공하기 위한 대안으로 되어야 한다. Recently, Since the information age has been accerated, the number of crimes is apt to use this circumstance. In particular, threatening which could collapse an all-around infrastructure is also rocking. If this terrorism in itself commits to lead to critical situation, it might have chance of fatal result. It is worthwhile to pay attention that even a small and simple attack or hacking in the cyber space may potentiality lead to threaten social order and national security in the future, so it is necessary for public and private organizations to prepare effective counteraction. As a measure to foster private human resource to support limited police force, Park, Geun-Hye administration officially announced the plan for promoting the private investigator called private detector under the program of "Promotion of New Jobs" on 18 March, 2014. Consequential discussion is held by a number of government agencies to formalize this private investigator system. Having this in mind, it would be effective to identify risk that lies in when private investigator collect evidence in a secret manner and obtain information, and take adequate preventive actions accordingly. This private investigator system may bring benefits when it is used to corporate crime such as industrial spy, in case that public legal organization is difficult to intervene while the case needs to be solved in a fast matter. Private investigator system may also contribute to prevent economic loss of corporate as well as the public. To backup this system, it is necessary to enact special act and to promote the use of this system as an alternative means to provide security service from a private sector.

보상 제도가 회사의 재무적 성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 인적 자원의 매개적 역할 탐구

김현동(Hyun-Dong Kim) 한국인사관리학회 2008 조직과 인사관리연구 Vol.32 No.1

  급변하는 경영환경 속에서 경쟁력을 창출하고 지속시키고자 현재 대다수의 기업체는 기존에 운영되어 온 보상 제도에 변화를 도입하여 효율적으로 운용하는 방안을 모색하고 있다. 선행 연구는 보상 제도가 회사의 성과에 유의미한 영향을 미친다고 검증되지만 회사가 보상 제도를 어떠한 방식으로 설계하고 실행하여야 경영성과의 향상으로 이어질 수 있는지 조사한 연구는 드문 실정이다. 본 연구는 보상 제도가 인적자원 속성 - 조직시민행동과 적응력 -을 변화시켜야만 기업 경쟁력이 향상된다는 모델에 근거하여 인적자원이 보상 제도가 회사의 경영성과에 영향을 미치는 데 있어서 매개하는지 검증하였다. 미국의 106개 기업의 인사 관리자를 대상으로 조사한 결과 장기인센티브제와 연봉제는 기업의 경영성과를 향상시키는 데 있어 구성원의 조직시민행동이 부분적인 매개 효과를 보이고 있다. 이 연구의 결과를 요약하면 성과에 초점을 맞춘 보상 제도를 효율적으로 설계하고 실시하려면 인적자원의 역할에 초점을 맞추어야 한다는 것을 시사하고 있다.   Earlier studies have found that a firm’s compensation system has a large potential to contribution to a firm’s competitiveness. Moreover, recently, the design, delivery, and the use of a compensation system have undergone dramatic changes. However, relative to its importance and recent changes, compensation scholars and practitioners still raise questions about how companies make and develop compensation programs that support a firm’s success.<BR>  The results of previous studies on the effectiveness of specific compensation programs have been mixed. For example, the Gerhart and Milkovich study (1990) and the Rajagopalan (1998) study suggested that a high proportion of long-term incentives in an executive pay program yielded significant financial returns. However, workers were not motivated to participate in this long-term incentive program because they did not perceive a close link between their payout and a firm’s long-term performance. Murray and Gerhart study (1998) showed that plants with skill-based pay programs improved productivity and lowered production costs while the plants incurred substantial expenditures for the firms’ administrative procedures and training programs. Compensation scholars and business practitioners raised criticisms regarding effect of merit pay that allow workers to attach to individual outputs rather than contributing to teamwork. A review of previous literatures above shows that questions about the effectiveness of compensation programs still remain.<BR>  The framework of this study posits that changes in human capital characteristics must affect the impact of compensation programs on an organization’s performance. Organizations typically use their compensation programs to direct, motivate, change, and manage behaviors and attributes of workers. As a valuable, unique, and non-imitable resource, human resource can be a source of competitive advantage. Therefore, rather than testing the direct effect of a compensation program, our present study seeks to examine the importance of human resource characteristics that can serve as mediators between a compensation program and an organization’s performance. The current study hypothesizes that the relationship between long-term incentives, skill-based pay, and merit pay programs and a firm’s performance is mediated by changes in adaptability and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). By testing human resource characteristics, the present study intends to extend the performance implications on how compensation programs are designed, established, and executed in ways to contribute to a firm’s competitive advantage.<BR>  To test hypotheses, this study used survey to measure independent and mediating variables such as compensation programs and human resource characteristics. Also, the current study operationalizes firm performance as objective financial data, Tobin’s Q and ROA that are expected to deal with common method bias, a major methodological issue in survey design. Surveys were mailed twice to 1,152 firms and got responses from 106 firms, representing a response rate of 9.3% which was below expectations. Adopting the Baron and Kenney model (1986), we used hierarchical multiple regression analysis as a statistical method to test hypotheses. Whereas employee adaptability failed to mediate the effect of compensation programs on a firm’s performance, employee OCB could be a partial mediator between a long-term incentive program and a firm"s Tobin"s Q. Contrary to hypotheses, skill-based pay negatively affected a firm’s Tobin"s Q. Unexpectedly, the effect of merit pay on a firm’s performance (Tobin"s Q & ROA) was partially intervened by employee OCB.<BR>  There are some implications of the current study. A change in human resource characteristics such as OCB is a key to the design and execution of compensation programs. Thus, the results of this study su

사설 스포츠센터 회원들이 5P" s 만족도 분석

김현동(Kim Hyun-Dong),김도균(Kim Do-Gyun) 경희대학교 스포츠과학연구원 2006 체육학논문집 Vol.34 No.-

This study aims to provide the fundamental data for spread and prosperity of private sports facilities by investigating service needs to be improved among their members with bring their satisfaction into focus and thus by preparing the guidelines for managerial improvement, as a part of the efforts to activate living sports in private sports facilities. 400 copies of the questionnaire were distributed in four sports facilities located in Suwon, Korea, 348 copies of them answered were collected, and finally 323 copies were actually analyzed excluding 25 copies. Obtain from the data collection and analysis described above, the results of this study are as follows: First, Regardless of gender, the rankings of the kinds of sports preferred were same. It was found that the older was members, the longer was subscription period Second, The longer was their subscription period, the higher is their general satisfaction with place, product, price, promotion and program all. It was shown that members using the facility for three or four days a week were highly satisfactory especially with product, price and promotion. The members who had continued to attend the sports facilities because of likable teaching staff were satisfactory with place, product and program,; those who had done so because of short distance were satisfactory with price; and those who had done so because of convenient facilities were satisfactory with promotion. Third, Male members showed higher satisfaction with product (facility) compared to female members. Well-educated members who graduated from university or higher were satisfactory with place, price and program, whereas less-educated members who graduated from high school or lower were satisfactory with product and promotion. For occupations, members engaging in professionals, self-employment and public service were satisfactory with product and program, price, and promotion, respectively.

특집 : 새로운 한미관계의 모색 ; 한국 대외정책에서 미국의 영향력 - 안보부문을 중심으로 -

김현동 ( Hyun Dong Kim ) 서울대학교 국제문제연구소 1988 세계정치 Vol.12 No.1