한국 장례문화에서 본 화장률의 지역별 남녀별 실증적 연구

김혁우 한국사상문화학회 2019 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.100 No.-

The purpose of this study are although the overall cremation rate in Korea is on the rise, a big variation in cremation rate for each basic municipality, the social phenomenon in which the variation in cremation rate between genders is occurring, to prove it through GIS analysis and to explore why it appeared so between men and women. As a study data and method, the study included 285,535 deaths in a year from January to December 2017 with regional data of men and women's burial and cremator were collected, as analysis method, male cremation odds ratio by region(OR) and used a spatial self-correlation, spatial autocorrelation with Moran's I. As a result of research, there are in 2017 the cremation rate was 87.2% for men and 81.6% for women and male deaths wear more cremate than female deaths. In the region the highest rate of male odds ratio was found in Sacheon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do and six regions differed more than three times from 34 regions, and six regions differed more than two times. The reason for the large difference in the cremation rate of regional genders can be explained by the difference between the physical environment of regional longevity and the group composed of the chronic power difference that has been dominated by local society. Through this study, it was found that gender discrimination occurs not only in general life but also in social phenomenon of funeral. Furthermore, we want to provide a foundation to contribute to gender discrimination. There is a desire to show a direction that can be organically connected with psychological reality through incorporation with other disciplines. 본 연구의 목적은 GIS 분석으로 우리나라 화장률의 지역적 편차, 성별 편차를 보이는 사회현상의 배경과 원인을 분석하려는 것이다. 연구대상은 2017년 1월부터 12월까지 1년 동안 발생한 사망자 285,535명에 대한 남녀의 매장 및 화장자의 지역별 분석 자료이다. 분석방법은 지역별 남성 화장률 오즈비(odds ratio: OR)와 이를 바탕으로 한 국지적 차원의 공간자기상관(spatial self-correlation, spatial autocorrelation) 지수에 해당하는 통계량으로 Moran's I를 산출하는 것이다. 분석 결과 2017년 전국 남성의 화장률은 87.2%로 여성 81.6%에 비해 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 지역적으로는 남성의 오즈비가 가장 높은 곳은 경남 사천시로 4.4였다. 오즈비가 3배 이상 차이를 보이는 지역은 6개 지역, 2배 이상의 격차를 보이는 지역은 34개 지역으로 나타났다. 지역적 성별의 화장률이 크게 차이 나는 이유는 첫째, 지역적 장법의 물리적 환경 차, 둘째 지역 사회적으로 지배해온 만성적인 권력 차이에서 오는 구성된 집단들 간의 차이, 셋째, 인구집단에서 오는 차이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 성차별적 요소가 일반적인 생활뿐 아니라 ‘장례’라는 사회현상에서도 발생한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 나아가 이 결과가 성차별 해소에 기여할 수 있는 밑거름을 제공하고 싶다. 또한 다른 학문과의 학제 간 연구를 통해 심리학적인 현실과 유기적으로 연결 될 수 있는 방향성을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

계절 ARIMA 모형을 이용한 화장수요예측: 수원시를 중심으로

김혁우 ( Hyugwoo Kim ),이필도 ( Phildo Lee ) 한국보건정보통계학회(구 한국보건통계학회) 2017 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Objectives: Main objective of this study was to estimate crematory facility demand of Suwon city, using Seasonal ARIMA Model. This study aims to estimate the demand based on the number of currently operating crematory facilities, dividing into inward district and outward district of Suwon city. Methods: As the construction of crematory facilities is greatly in need of supply along with the increasing funerals, it requests more accurate estimation of the demand in specific area. This study employed Seasonal ARIMA Model which is useful to deal with time series data with small size and various patterns, instead of the Gompertz curve and logistic curve frequently used in the past. This study did analyses in four steps, discrimination of stationarity (balance for average and dispersion), identification of functions (ACF, PACF), model diagnostic (estimation of parameter), and decision (forecasting of crematory facilities). Results: First, the demand of cremation in inward district of Suwon was estimated to be 4,051 persons in 2017 and to be 5,129 persons in 2022 using the ARIMA (0,1,1)(1,1,0)S=12 Model, which is to be increased 31.8 percent points compared to that of 2016. Second, the demand of cremation in outward district of Suwon was estimated to be 6,731 persons in 2017 and 7,060 persons in 2022 using the ARIMA (0,0,3)(1,1,1)S=12 Model. Altogether the users of crematory facilities were estimated to be 10,782 persons in 2017 and 12,189 persons in 2022, which shows increasing trend of 3 to 4 percent points every year. Conclusions: This study proved that Seasonal ARIMA Model is a proper tools to estimate the crematory facility demand in specific area. Demand and supply of crematory facilities should be estimated based on reliable statistics and data. Suwon city should provide more facilities to meet the increasing need of cremation. For this, Suwon city should input more investment for improving of quality of facilities and coordination of the number.

장례문화 인식과 웰엔딩의 실천과제 연구- 서울특별시를 중심으로 -

이필도,김혁우 국제문화기술진흥원 2018 The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technolo Vol.4 No.4

We should step forward from the cremation-centered funeral and consider the well-ending of the diseased from a welfare perspective. Therefore, it is necessary to re-highlight our funeral culture from a welfare perspective and to explore developmental policies in association with the well-ending of the deceased. This study aims to examine the changing history of funeral culture, to identify problems arising in the funeral culture of the Seoul Metropolitan City, and finally present policy and practice implications for funeral culture. We conducted the survey on awareness of funeral culture with recruiting 500 citizens in Seoul City. Well-ending culture is the process which secures human dignity until the last moment of the death and improves the quality of death culture. Systematic approach to well-ending culture will gain the objectives of qualitative improvement of the death. Therefore, the funeral culture paradigm should be shifted for the settlement of funeral culture applicable to aging society. Education for well-ending preparation will give a meaning of life for both the persons waiting for the death as well as the family members. We also should establish funeral facilities as culture welfare facilities where all the generations share. 장례문화는 화장위주의 장례방법 개선에서 죽은 자의 복지적 차원의 접근이 필요하다. 장례문화는 미래지향적으로 재조명해 보고, 웰엔딩(well-ending)과 연계한 발전방향을 모색할 필요성이 있다. 본고에서는 장례문화 변화과정과 서울시 장례문화의 문제점 진단을 통해 웰엔딩의 실천과제를 모색하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 서울 시민 500명을 대상으로 조사한 장례문화 의식조사 결과를 활용하였다. 웰엔딩은 생의 마지막 순간까지 인간의 존엄성을 보장해 주고 죽음문화를 질적으로 향상시키는 과정이다. 웰엔딩 문화의 체계적인 접근은 죽음의 질적 개선을 달성할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 고령사회에 부응하는 장례문화 정착을 위해서는 장례문화에 대한패라다임의 전환이 필요하다. 웰엔딩 준비 교육은 죽음을 맞이하는 당사자 뿐 만 아니라 살아있는 가족들에도 삶의 의미를 깨달을수 있다. 그리고 장사시설은 모든 세대가 공유할 수 있는 문화 복지시설로 확충될 수 있도록 우리의 지혜를 모아야 한다.

장사시설의 선호 요인 분석

이필도(Lee, Phil-Do),김혁우(Kim, Hyug-woo),김수봉(Kim, Soo-bong) 한국소비자원 2015 消費者問題硏究 Vol.46 No.2

화장시설 요금체계의 문제점과 개선 방향에 관한 연구

이필도(Lee, Phil-do),김혁우(kim, Hyug-woo) 한국소비자원 2016 消費者問題硏究 Vol.47 No.3

장사시설 수급추계에 관한 연구 -경기도를 중심으로-

이필도 ( Phi Do Lee ),박복순 ( Bok Soon Park ),김혁우 ( Hyu Gwoo Kim ) 한국보건정보통계학회 (구 한국보건통계학회) 2011 한국보건정보통계학회지 Vol.36 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore how to use the estimation of supply and demand on burial and cremation for planning the long-term strategies of funeral facilities. Methods: This study consists of three directions. First, the population and the number of deaths were estimated, and how to estimate future population and the future number of deaths for potential users was explained. Second, the burial rate and cremation rate were estimated respectively, and how to use the Gompertz curve, to estimate potential users was explained. Third, using the results obtained, in the past, the supply and demand on funeral facilities were estimated. This includes the annual estimation of supply and demand on burial facilities and private enshrinement facilities. Results: The funeral facilities in Gyeonggi-do were analyzed and the types of installation were presented. In this in- depth research, most of all, the space for cemetery is relatively limited in Gyeonggi-do. There are sufficient urn facilities compared with the cemetery facilities in 2008. Conclusions: The solution to reduce inconvenience due to the lack of cemetery facilities needs to be found, and the natural ways to minimize damage and how to install green burial should be considered. The utilization of the Gompertz Curve has proved effective on the estimation of funeral facilities.