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북한강 상류수계인 조양강의 DAIpo와 TDI를 이용한 생물학적 수질평가
김헌년,박혜경,박상정,이옥민 한국하천호수학회 2012 생태와 환경 Vol.45 No.3
A biological assessment of water quality was made at 9 sites of the Joyang-river and inflow streams located in Jeongseon-gun Gangwon-do, from June 2008 to September 2010. The investigation consisted of physico-chemical factors, biomass, and standing crops of epilithic diatoms. In addition, the community structure of epilithic diatoms was analyzed, and the water quality was assessed using DAIpo and TDI. The pH varied from 7.4~10.2 which is attributed to the Joyang-river area consisting of limestone. A total of 117 taxonomic groups of epilithic diatoms, including: 2 orders, 6 families, 23 genera, 95 species, 15 varieties, 2 forms, and 5 unidentified species, were found in the Joyang-river. 11 taxa, including Achnanthes laterostrata and Cymbella delicatula which live in neutral to alkali pH, were found. An indicator species of alkali waters, Cymbella delicatula, was routinely observed to have a relative frequency of over 10% in I3 and I4. In the result of the biological assessment using DAIpo, the Joyang-river was rated class A, with an average of 77.03 and inflow streams were rated class B with an average of 65.84. As for the results of TDI analysis, the Joyangriver was rated class A~B, and inflow streams were rated class A~D. Accordingly, the water quality of the Joyang-river was determined to be superior to that of inflow streams. Although the main stream showed low water quality at sites J2 and J3, correlating with a reduction in the quality of inflow stream, I1 in September 2009. 본 연구는 강원도 정선군에 위치한 조양강 및 유입천 을 대상으로 총 9개 정점을 선정하고 2008년 6월부터 2010년 9월까지 총 6회에 걸쳐 이화학적 환경요인과 생 물량 및 부착규조류의 현존량을 조사하였다. 또한 부착규 조류의 군집구조를 분석하고 생물학적 평가를 통해 수질 을 평가하였다. 1. 조양강 일대는 석회암으로 구성되어 pH가 7.4~10.2 로 중성~알칼리성의 범위를 보였다. 2. 조양강 수계에서 출현한 부착규조류는 2목 6과 23 속 95종 15변종 2품종 5미동정종으로 총 117분류군이 출 현하였고, 산성수역의 지표종은 출현하지 않았으며 중성 ~알칼리성의 pH에서 생육하는 Achnanthes laterostrata, Cymbella delicatula 등 11분류군이 출현하였다. 3. 특히 알칼리성 수역의 지표종인 Cymbella delicatula 는 I3과 I4 정점의 일부 시기를 제외하고 10% 이상의 상 대출현빈도를 나타냈다. 4. 조양강 및 유입천에 DAIpo를 적용한 결과 조양강은 평균 77.03로 A등급을 나타냈으며, 유입천은 평균 65.84 로 B 등급으로 나타났다. TDI를 이용한 생물학적 평가 시 조양강은 A~B 등급을 나타냈으며, 유입천은 A~D 등 급에 걸쳐 나타남으로써, 조양강 본류가 유입천보다 수질 이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 5. 본 연구에서 유입천의 수질이 조양강에 미치는 영향 은 낮은 것으로 나타났으나, 2009년 9월의 경우에는 본 류인 J2와 J3 정점이 유입천 I1 정점의 영향으로 수질이 저하되었다.
다변량 통계분석을 이용한 북한강의 수질 및 식물플랑크톤 군집 특성 평가
김헌년 ( Hun Nyun Kim ),윤석제 ( Seok Jea Youn ),변명섭 ( Myeong Seop Byeon ),유순주 ( Soon Ju Yu ),임종권 ( Jong Kwon Im ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2019 한국물환경학회지 Vol.35 No.1
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water quality and phytoplankton community in Bukhan River which account for 44.4 % of the total inflow into Lake Paldang, using multivariate statistical techniques (i.e., correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA)/factor analysis (FA)). Water samples were collected from March to November 2015 and the following parameters measured; water temperature, pH, DO, EC, SS, BOD, Chl-a, COD, TN, NO<sub>3</sub>-N, NH<sub>3</sub>-N, TP, DTP, PO<sub>4</sub>-P, and phytoplankton community. The water quality of the main stream and the tributaries were not significantly different apart from the relatively high concentration of BOD, COD and nutrients recorded in MH. The highest cell density of Stephanodiscus hantzschii and Merismopedia glauca dominated phytoplankton was observed in PD. Based on the correlation analysis, total phytoplankton and cyanophyceae were highly correlated with BOD, COD and nutrients. PCA/FA resulted in four main factors accounting for 82.240 % of the total variance in the water quality dataset. The group of component 1 (TN, DTN, DO, NO<sub>3</sub>-N, water temperature) and component 2 (PO<sub>4</sub>-P, T-P, DTP, SS) were classified as nutrient element factor whereas component 3 (Chl-a, COD, BOD, NH<sub>3</sub>-N, pH) was related to organic substances. Hence, the identification of the main potential environmental pollution factors in Bukhan River will help policy makers make better and more informed decisions on how to improve the water quality.
퇴적물 제거가 수질과 식물플랑크톤, 저서성 대형무척추동물에 미치는 영향
윤석제,김헌년,김용진,이은정,변명섭,이병천,이재관 한국물환경학회 2018 한국물환경학회지 Vol.34 No.3
This study investigated the effects of sediment removal on water quality and phytoplankton development by setting up mesocosms at Uiam Lake, South Korea, and analyzing the environmental parameters and phytoplankton communities between June and October 2015. The comparison between testbed without sediment removal (TB-1) and testbed after sediment removal (TB-2) gave similar values for water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and electrical conductivity. Nevertheless, the average electrical conductivities of the two testbeds were 139 µS/cm and 135 µS/cm, which were lower than the value obtained from the external control point (TB-con; 154 µS/cm). The small difference in total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations between the two testbeds implied that sediment removal did not greatly reduce nutrients; however, the phytoplankton cell count had decreased by approximately 37% in TB-2 (average 1,663 cells/mL) compared to TB-1 (average 2,625 cells/mL). Compared to TB-con, the phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations of the two testbeds had decreased by 39% and 30%, respectively, whereas the phytoplankton abundance had decreased by up to 73%, perhaps because of the blocked inflow of nutrients and the stabilized body of water caused by the installation of the mesocosm. The concentration of geosmin was lower in testbeds than in the external point, because installation of the structures had reduced the cyanobacteria biomass.
의암호에서 퇴적물 용출에 대한 수온, 빛과 퇴적물 제거의 영향
윤석제,김헌년,김용진,임종권,이은정,유순주 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.6
An experiment to study the effect of temperature, light, and dredging on release of nutrients downstream from Gongjicheon in the Uiam reservoir was carried out in the laboratory using sediments from different depths. At various water temperatures, dissolved total nitrogen was not released, but the average nutrient flux of dissolved total phosphorus was increased (0.034 at 15°C, 0.005 at 20°C, 0.154 at 25°C, 0.592 mg/m2/d at 30°C). Dissolved total phosphorous was released in controlled darkness. In contrast, in controlled light, the concentrations of dissolved total phosphorous and dissolved total nitrogen in the overlying water steadily decreased during the study period (70 d), because they were continuously consumed by the growth of photosynthetic algae. However, there was no significant relationship between water nutrient concentration, nutrient release, and the depth of the sediment. We concluded that the dredging of sediment would not affect the nutrient release rate of the sediment, because there were no significant differences in the nutrient concentrations released from the sediment. When the sediment was removed from the surface to 20 cm in depth , the nutrients were not transferred to the water body, implying that the sediment removal had little effect on secondary pollution.
환경요인이 춘천호의 식물플랑크톤 천이 및 군집구조에 미치는 영향
백준수,윤석제,김헌년,심연보,유순주,임종권 한국하천호수학회 2019 생태와 환경 Vol.52 No.2
춘천호의 2014~2015년 평균 강수량은 800 mm 이하였으나, 2016~2017년에는 1,200 mm 이상으로 나타났다. 수온의 범위는 17.0~21.1°C, COD는 연평균 농도가 2.7~4.2 mg L-1였고, 2015년에 가장 높았으며 적은 강수량으로 체류시간이 증가하여 다른 해에 비해 높은 농도가 나타난 것으로 판단된다. TP와 TN의 연평균 농도는 각각 0.012~0.019 mg L-1와 1.272~1.922 mg L-1로 나타났으며 TN은 2014년부터 지속된 갈수현상으로 2015년이 다른 년도에 비해 높았다. 식물플랑크톤의 종 다양성 지수는 2014~2015년에 2.0 이하로 다른 년도에 비해 낮았으며, 강수량과 환경요인과의 상관 분석 결과 수온, TP 및 Chl. a가 높게 나타났다. 식물플랑크톤의 세포수는 CC3 (상류) 지점이 CC1 (하류)과 CC2 (중류) 지점보다 상대적으로 많았으며 그 이유는 갈수현상으로 수체의 안정 및 유기물이 농축되어 남조류를 포함한 식물플랑크톤이 성장하기 유리한 조건이 되었을 것으로 판단된다. 수온에 따른 식물플랑크톤의 분류군별 상관관계 결과 규조류는 음의 상관관계, 녹조류와 남조류는 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 춘천호의 식물플랑크톤은 온대호수의 천이 형태를 보이고 있으나 강우에 따라 식물플랑크톤의 종 다양성 및 발생량과 수질환경요인이 다르게 나타났을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 춘천호의 수질 및 식물플랑크톤의 장기변화를 조사한 최초의 결과이며 향후 추가 연구를 위한 선행자료로 제공하고자 한다. Effects of environmental factors on phytoplankton succession and community structure were studied in Lake Chuncheon located in Bukhan River, South Korea. The data were sampled at three sites such as CC1 (lower side), CC2 (middle side), and CC3 (upper side of Lake Chuncheon) from 2014 to 2017. The annual average precipitation in Lake Chuncheon was 992 mm during the study period (2014~2017), and the annual precipitation was lower than 800 mm in 2014 and 2015. The annual average water temperature, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) ranged from 17.0 to 21.1°C, 0.012 to 0.019 mg L-1, and 1.272 to 1.922 mg L-1, respectively. The TN concentration was relatively high in 2015 compared with the other study years, as a drought continued from 2014 to 2015. When comparing the correlation between precipitation and environmental factors, water temperature (p<0.01) and TP (p<0.05) showed positive correlations with rainfall. The average numbers of phytoplankton cells by branch were 2,094, 2,182, and 3,108 cells mL-1 in CC1 , CC2, and CC3, respectively. CC3 is considered advantageous for phytoplankton growth, even in small pollution sources due to low water depth. As a result of analyzing the relationship between precipitation and phytoplankton, the correlation between the two was shown to be high for 2016 (p<0.01) and 2017 (p<0.05), which is when precipitation was high. However, the correlation was not clear to 2014 and 2015. The relationship between water temperature and phytoplankton indicated a negative correlation with diatoms (p<0.01), yet positive correlations with green algae (p<0.01) and cyanobacteria (p<0.01). Diatoms increased in spring and autumn, which are characterized by low water temperature, and green algae and cyanobacteria increased in summer, when the water temperature is high. Our findings provide a scientific basis for characteristics of phytoplankton and water quality and management at the Lake Chuncheon.
환경요인에 따른 청평호 식물플랑크톤 군집 및 우점종의 천이 특성
윤석제 ( Seok Jea Youn ),김헌년 ( Hun Nyun Kim ),임종권 ( Jong Kwon Im ),김용진 ( Yong-jin Kim ),백준수 ( Jun-soo Baek ),이수웅 ( Su-woong Lee ),이은정 ( Eun Jeong Lee ),유순주 ( Soon Ju Yu ) 한국환경과학회 2017 한국환경과학회지 Vol.26 No.8
Phytoplankton populations were examined at three sites in Lake Cheongpyeong, South Korea from March 2008 to December 2016, including measurement of phytoplankton communities and their dominant species, abundance and environmental factors. The annual average ranges of water temperature, dissolved oxygen and conductivity were 15.2-18.8℃, 10.3-12.2 mg/L, 86-140 μS/cm, respectively, with similar values at all studied sites. The highest phytoplankton cell density was observed in spring and fall, and it subsequently decreased rapidly during heavy rainfall. Diatoms were dominant in spring (mainly Stephanodiscus hantzschii, Asterionella formosa) and fall (mainly Aulacoseira granulata), while greenalgae and cyanobacteria had high appearance in early-summer and summer, respectively, indicating that water temperature is the most important factor influencing their growth. Stephanodiscus hantzschii and Asterionella formosa frequently occurred at low water temperature (4.5-15.0℃ and 5.4-21.6℃, respectively) while Aulacoseira granulata and Anabaena spp. were favored by high water temperature (8.6-28.4 and 14.9-26.2℃, respectively) and phosphorus. Additionally, Fragilaria crotonensis occurred at low nutrient conditions. Rhodomonas spp. frequently appeared year-round.
강원도 홍천강의 조류군집과 생물학적 지수에 의한 수질 평가
백준수 ( Jun Soo Baek ),김헌년 ( Hun Nyun Kim ),이옥민 ( Ok Min Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2014 한국물환경학회지 Vol.30 No.6
This research has studied the physicochemical environmental factors and communities of epilithic diatom and phytoplanktons at Hongcheon river from December 2011 to September 2012. In case of TN, the result was hypertrophic, and for TP, it ranged from mesotrophic to eutrophic. As for BOD, Hongcheon river was rated level II or better, according to the water quality level; values were found to be below 3mg/L at most sites. Total of 83 and 114 taxa of epilithic diatom and phytoplanktons respectively, were found during the research. When assessed using the TSI, it ranged from oligomesotrophic to eutrophic. In case of DAIpo, it ranged from 64.1 to 99.5, and TDI ranged from 51.5 to74.0. These results signify good water quality, level B or better, for Hongcheon river. P-IBI was rated moderate to low, which showed higher pollution than other indices. Among the biological water quality measures analyzed in the Hongcheon river study, DAIpo best matches TDI and BOD, while TDI showed greater pollution. Therefore, P-IBI appears to be inappropriate when assessing the domestic small rivers and lakes.
김용진 ( Yong Jin Kim ),김헌년 ( Hun Nyun Kim ),이옥민 ( Ok Min Lee ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2012 환경영향평가 Vol.21 No.2
This research was to examine the physiochemical factors and the attached diatoms of ecological wetland in Paju from August 2010 to May 2011. As a result of physicohemical water quality assessment, the water temperature did not fluctuate much due to ample riparian vegetation and aquatic plants growing at the site. Due to the effect of Han River Estuary, site 4, 5 and 6 had high electricity conductivity. The BOD concentration was high at site 2, 3, and 4 caused by decrease in water quantity and inflow of polluted water. At all sites, T-N and T-P concentrations ranged from eutrophic to hypertrophic status. At the downstream, the T-N and T-P concentrations decreased by inhabiting aquatic plant. Total of 98 taxa of attached diatoms were found. As for dominant taxa, Achnanthes convergens, A. minutissima, Gomphonema gracile, G. parvulum, Melosira varians, Navicula seminulum, N. minima, N. pseudolanceolata, Nitzschia amphibia, N. palea, Surirella minuta and Synedra ulna var. fragilariodes appeared. The result of biological assessment of water quality rated the sites B(suboptimal)~D(poor) during seasons of low water temperature, Fall and Winter, with DAIpo ranging 24.1~68.2 and TDI of 48.4~85.6. During Spring and Summer, all sites were rated D(poor) with DAIpo lower than or equal to 40, and TDI above or equal to 70. The biological assessment of water quality at the research site showed inferior TDI result compared to that of DAIpo.