한자 문화권 국가에서의 한국유학 연구의 회고 -중국 ·일본의 퇴계학 연구를 중심으로 -

김향화 ( Xiang Hua Jin ) 한국철학사연구회 2018 한국 철학논집 Vol.0 No.58

본고에서는 먼저 넓은 시야에서 한국유학이 동아시아에서 차지하는 위상과 한국유학에 대한 연구현황을 간략하게 소개하였다. 이를 바탕으로 본고에서는 퇴계학을 중심으로 중국 대륙과 대만, 일본에서의 한국유학 연구현황에 대해 소개하고 분석하였다. 중국 대륙 학자들의 한국철학 연구는 의리에 대한 해설을 중요시하며 중정평화적인 연구 태도를 갖고 있는 데 비하면, 대만 학자들의 연구는 방법론상에서 서양의 분석적 특징을 나타내고 있다. 일본 학자들은 엄격한 문헌분석을 중요시하며, 사상의 역사적 객관성을 드러내는 데 힘을 쓰고 있다. 근래의 퇴계학 연구는 다양한 방면에서 이루어져 풍성한 성과를 거두었다. 근래 일본, 한국과 대만학계에서 등장한 퇴계 심학과 양명학의 관련성에 관한 연구도 심사숙고할 문제이다. 어떤 연구든지 모두 자신의 나라와 지역, 지식축적과 사상인식에서 출발하는바 그 배후에는 반드시 주체적인 감정과 현실적 문제의식이 존재한다. 방법상의 겸채중장(兼采衆長)과 문제의식의 서로 어울림은 퇴계학 연구와 한국철학 연구가 더 깊이 있는 발전과 넓은 영향을 갖는 데 유리할 것이다. This article introduce the status and research overview of Korean Confucianism in Eastern Asia with the macroscopic view. Mainly making Tuixi as an example on this basis, respectively make introduction and analysis of research overview among the modern Chinese mainland, Taiwan and Japan towards Korean Confucianism. The scholars who are from Chinese mainland think highly of the expression on meaning and principle in the research of Korean philosophy, which is shown the fair and peace; The scholars who come from Taiwan are obviously impacted by the western world(Taiwan uses the means influenced by the western thinking method) in the means of researching the Korean Confucianism; Japanese persistently rely on the literature and try to reproduce the objectivity of historicism. For decades, the research of Tuixi had made great achievements in Eastern Asia. It had understood the allover content of its thought, It is also worth thinking about the correlation between Tuixi psychology and Yinyang study in Japan, Japan and Taiwan in recent years. Any research is unavoidable to start from own countries , areas and ideological consciousness, but there is a question idea behind the back that comes from emotion and fact. Making the advantage in study meanings and communication in question consciousness will be beneficial to the continuous development of the study of Tuixi in depth and expand its influence.

Pharmacogenetic Impact on Korean Patients Receiving Antiepileptic Drugs

Jeong-Oh Kim(김정오),Han Hee Lee(이한희),Jung Young Shin(신정영),Xiang Hua Zhang(장향화),Ji Eun Oh(오지은),Yeong-In Kim(김영인),Jeong-Hyun Lee(이정현),Jin-Hyoung Kang(강진형) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.8

간질은 가장 흔한 만성 신경 장애로 70% 이상의 환자에서 항전간제로 증상의 조절이 가능하다. 약물의 치료효과를 예측하는데 있어 개인이 가진 유전적 다형성이 부분적인 영향을 주는 것으로 알려지면서 항전간제의 효과에 영향을 주는 유전자 연구가 빠르게 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 83명의 간질 환자를 대상으로 간질 환자의 약물대사와 관련된 것으로 알려진 유전자(CYP2C9, CYP2C19, ABCB1, SCN1A)의 다형성과 약물부작용의 관계에 대해 연구하였다. 연구 결과, 약물 이상 반응과 약물 용량의 상관관계는 통계적으로 유의한 수준은 관찰되지 않았다. 한편, carbamazepine 계열에서의 환자군에서는 SCN1A 유전자의 인트론 유전자 유전형 CC와 CT 유전형에 비해 TT 유전형에서 약물용량과 연관을 보였으며, 500 mg 이상의 용량을 투약한 환자에서는 TT 유전형에 비해 CC와 CT를 가진 유전형에서 통계적으로 유의한 상관성을 보였다. Epilepsy is the most prevalent chronic neurological disorder and can be controlled by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in up to 70% of patients. We performed an association study between adverse drug reactions and the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, ABCB1, and SCN1A. The clinical data of 83 epilepsy patients who had received AEDs containing carbamazepine (CBZ) were collected. We extracted genomic DNA from peripheral blood and then genotyped CYP2C9 (CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3), CYP2C19 (CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3), ABCB1 (C3435T), and SCN1A (IVS5N+5 G>A) using direct sequencing. The allele frequencies of CYP2C9*3, CYP2C19*2, CYP2C19*3, ABCB1 (3435C>T), and SCN1A (IVS5N+5 G>A) were 0.93, 0.72, 0.91, 0.61, and 0.55, respectively. Statistically significant differences were indicated from the data obtained. Patients with SCN1A genotype CC or CT were compared with patients with SCN1A genotype TT while using more than 500mg of carbamazepine. We have associated functional polymorphisms with the dose used in regular clinical practice for Korean epilepsy patients who had received antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) containing carbamazepine. For AEDs, we found that one of the SCN1A genotypes is associated with a 500 mg dose. There was no association found with CNS ADR caused by AEDs.

PSTN과 VoIP 서비스 간의 균형가격 도출에 관한 연구

윤상흠(Sang Hum Yoon),김향화(Xiang-Hua Jin),박종헌(Jong-Heon Park),박영준(Young Jun Park),전재호(Jaeho Juhn),하귀룡(Gui Ryong Ha) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2010 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2 No.-

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the equilibrium price between PSTN and VoIP telephony services in the case of non-linear utility function. Currently there are two types of wired phone service we are known that PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) and VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol). The PSTN telephony which provide high quality service and VoIP which provide relatively low quality service forms a vertically differentiated oligopoly. Therefore, the evaluation of the equilibrium price between PSTN and VoIP services is very important to wired phone service providers. The equilibrium price depends on the state of the service cost function has been proved different value. This paper was evaluated each equilibrium price for the state of the linear cost function and non-linear cost function. Subsequently, analyzed the demand of both services and the equilibrium profit which can maximize the profit of both service providers.

중국동선물의 헤지성과

김석진(Seok Chin Kim),김향화(Xiang Hua Jin),도영호(Young Ho Do) 한국경영학회 2008 經營學硏究 Vol.37 No.6

Copper futures has the second largest trading volume in the world after aluminum futures in the futures markets of nonferrous metals. China is the world`s largest consumer of copper and the trading volume of Chinese copper futures of SHFE (Shanghai Futures Exchange) was 22% of that of LME (London Metal Exchange) in 2004. The economy of China is the second largest in the world after the US. China has been the fastest growing major nation for the past quarter of a century with an average annual GDP growth rate above 10%. Consumption of copper in China has increased rapidly. Chinese copper demand will remain strong in future because copper is used mainly for electric generation systems. Accordingly, hedging with Chinese copper futures is becoming a more significant subject to researchers as well as companies that consume copper directly. Many of the participants in futures markets aim to reduce or eliminate a particular risk that they face. Since risk is usually measured as the volatility of portfolio returns, the hedgers may be interested in the hedge ratio that minimizes the variance of the returns. The purpose of this paper is to find a compatible hedging model on the hedging with the Chinese copper futures. We investigate the hedging performance of the Chinese copper futures. We establish the conventional OLS (ordinary least square), VECM (vector error correction model) and bivariate GARCH (generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity) model as hedging models and analyze their hedging performances. The sample period covers from January 2, 2001 to June 30, 2006. The optimal ratio is calculated as a ratio of the conditional covariance between spot and futures to the conditional variance of futures. The hedge ratios are estimated by a time-varying hedging model (bivariate GARCH) as well as naive or time-invariant (OLS, VECM) models. To compare the performances in each type of hedge, we divide the sample period into in-sample and out-of-sample and measure hedging performances for each period. In-sample period is from January 2, 2001 to June 30, 2005, and out-of-sample period is from July 1, 2005 to June 30, 2006. Our main results are summarized as follows. First, in ADF (augmented Dickey-Fuller) test and PP (Phillips-Perron) test, both the spot and futures prices series are non-stationary, while two return series are stationary. In Engle and Granger cointegration test, there is a cointegration relationship between the two prices series. Second, the conditional variances and covariances vary over time. In case of in-sample, the variance of portfolio returns in the OLS model is smallest. The variance of returns in the naive model is higher than those in the other hedging models. And the F test shows that the differences between the variance of returns in the naive model and in other hedging models are significant. Third, it turns out that the bivariate GARCH model performs better than other models in case of out-of-sample. Our results indicate that investors in the Chinese copper futures markets are encouraged to use the bivariate GARCH model to hedge the volatility of copper price. But the variance of portfolio returns in the bivariate GARCH model is not lower significantly than those in other hedging models. Forth, if investors take into account profits and losses due to the changes of the exchange rate between yuan and won, the in-sample variance of portfolio returns in the VECM is smallest and the bivariate GARCH model performs better than other models in case of out-of-sample. The out-of-sample variance of portfolio returns in the bivariate GARCH model is lower significantly than those in other hedging models. In sum, our results indicate that the naive hedging model is not a poor choice for hedging the risk with the Chinese copper futures compared to much more complex models. However, time-varying hedging models as GARCH perform better for the Korean firms which are exposed to the exchange rate risk. This study w

만주 재현 소설에 나타난 ‘고향’의 의미 : 만주국 후기 소설을 중심으로

김향화 이화어문학회 : 이화여자대학교 한국어문학연구소. 2015 이화어문논집 Vol.36 No.-

‘만주’는 제국주의에 의해 고향으로부터 추방당한 근대의 조선인이 희망과 절망을 반반씩 지니고 이주하여 새로운 삶을 지향했던 곳이다. 본고에서는 재만(在滿) 경험을 토대로 창작을 진행한 작가들이 ‘제2의 고향’으로서의 ‘만주’를 어떻게 서사하고 있으며 고향(조선)에 대한 작중 주인공의 인식의 변화과정을 통하여 특정한 작가의 특수한 ‘재만’의 경험에 주목하고자 한다. 동시에 이러한 특수한 ‘재만’의 경험에 대한 중층적인 분석을 통하여 ‘민족’과 ‘국민’ 사이에서 정체성의 혼란을 겪었던 ‘식민지 조선인’에게 시사된 고향의 다양한 의미를 분석하는 것을 연구목적으로 삼는다. 조선인 작가의 ‘재만’(在滿)이라는 경험은 단순하게 해석할 수 없는바 그것은 객관적으로 역사의 변천과 정치적인 제도의 변화과정과 관계되는 동시에 주관적으로 작가의 경력과 문학 창작 의도와 긴밀히 연관되어 있다. 본고에서는 당대에 만주에서 살았고 직접적으로 만주를 체험했지만 각각 다양한 신분과 경력을 가진 대표적인 작가로 안수길과 김창걸, 박계주의 일부 작품을 연구대상으로 한다. 아울러 ‘재만’이라는 작가적 경험의 특수성을 재해석하고 그에 따라 다양하게 표상되는 ‘고향’의 의미에 대해 되짚어봄으로써 만주의 조선인에게 ‘고향’은 어떤 의미로 각인되고 변천되어왔는가를 연구한다. 물론 단순하게 이주민의 강한 정착 의지와 망향의식, 향토의식 등으로는 해석의 제한이 뒤따르고 있는 건 사실이다. 이에 본고에서는 오랜 시간 동안 만주에 거주하면서 창작 활동을 했고 만주 재현 문학의 대표적인 작가로 손꼽히는 안수길의 후기 작품인 「土城」과 「牧畜記」, 만주에서 태어나고 교육을 받았지만 다시 조선으로 돌아가서 만주에서의 경험을 토대로 창작을 진행한 박계주의 「處女地」와 「母土」, 어렸을 때 만주로 이주하여 해방 후에 만주에 남은 중국 조선족의 대표적인 작가 김창걸의 「두번째 고향」을 텍스트로 삼아 연구를 진행한다. 상기 작품들은 모두 만주국 후기에 창작되었으며 만주국의 이념인 ‘왕도낙토(王道樂土)’와 ‘오족협화(五族協和)’ 사상을 일정하게 반영함으로써 시국에 편승하는 양상을 보이고 있는데 본고는 이러한 특수한 사회 정치적 상황에서 조선 이주민들에게 시사된 ‘고향’의 의미를 분석하고 나아가서는 ‘재만’이라는 삶의 중층성과 다양성을 발굴하는데 그 연구 의의를 둔다. In this manuscript we examine how the writers who have slightly different experiences of Manchuria and composed based on that experience describe “Manchuria,” their “2ndhome,”and how the special “Manchuria” of each particular writer is detailed by the process of change of the character’s awareness in regards to their original hometown(Joseon).Also, our research purpose is to analyze the various meanings of this forced hometown for the “colonial Korean people,”who have experience didentity confusion between“Ethnicity” and“Nation,”through the multi-level analysis of this special“Manchuria.”“Manchuria”was the place where the“Joseon People”were exiled from their hometown and forced to take root due to Imperialismand where they started anewlife after emigrating with both, hope and despair, in their hearts. The experience of “Manchuria(在滿)” of the Joseon writers is not simple to analyze since objectively it’s related to the historical change as well as the change in political system while subjectively it’s deeply related to the writers’ career and the intention of their literary creations. In this manuscript, the study object is the partial works of Ahn Soo-kil, Kim Changgeol, and Park Gyeju, who are representative authors who have directly experienced Manchuria and have various positions and work experiences. It also seeks to reinterpret the distinct characteristics of the authors experience that is “Manchuria” and research the various presentations of the meaning of “hometown” and how this meaning of “hometown” is imprinted or changed for the people of Joseon living in Manchuria. Of course there will be limits to the simple interpretation of the emigrant’s strong will to take root, their nostalgia, indigenous awareness, and others. In this manuscript we used the late「土城」 and 「牧畜記」works of Ahn Soo-kil, who lived and wrote in Manchuria for a long time and is a renowned representative author of Manchurian literature, 「處女地」and「母土」of Park Gyeju, who was born and educated in Manchuria but returned to Korea to write based on his experience, and “2ndHometown” by Kim Changgeol, who emigrated to Manchuria when he was young and stayed there after the Liberation of Korea as a representative Chinese-Korean author. The texts mentioned above were all written during the latter period of the Manchuria nation and reflects the Manchurian philosophy of “왕도낙토(王道樂土)” and “오족협화(五族協和) thought in a slightly different manner and seems to take advantage of the current state of affairs and this manuscripts seeks to discover the diverse layers of life in “Manchuria” analyzing the meaning of the forced “hometown” of the emigrants during that socio-political time.