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도시부 가로망에서의 링크 통행속도 기반 One-to-One 최단시간 경로탐색 알고리즘 개발
김태형,김태형,박범진,김형수 한국ITS학회 2012 한국ITS학회논문지 Vol.11 No.5
시간 종속적 가로망에 대한 최단경로 탐색은 ITS분야의 경로 일정계획과 실시간 내비게이션 시스템에서 중요한 부분을 차지한다. 본 연구에서는 매시간간격 변동적인 링크 통행속도를 고려하는 one-to-one 시간 종속적 최단시간 경로 알고리즘을 제시한다. 이를 위해, 먼저 기존의 일반적인 최단거리 경로 알고리즘 중에서 실제 도로망에서 비교적 빠르고 효율적인 알고리즘으로 알려져 있는 3가지의 알고리즘들, 즉, two queues 구조를 가진 Graph growth 알고리즘, approximate buckets 구조를 가진 Dijkstra 알고리즘, double buckets 구조를 가진 Dijkstra 알고리즘이 선택되었다. 이 알고리즘들은 모두 네트워크 내 하나의 노드에서 모든 노드(one-to-all)로의 최단거리 경로를 빠르게 탐색하기위해 개발되었다. 선택된 알고리즘들은 시간 종속적 도로망에 대해 하나의 출발노드에서 하나의 목적노드(one-to-one)로의 최단시간 경로 탐색이 가능하도록 확장된다. 또한, 제안된 3가지의 시간 종속적 최단시간 경로탐색 알고리즘들은 미국의 Anaheim, Baltimore, Chicago, Philadelphia 4개 도시의 실제 가로망에 적용하여 검증·평가된다. 결과적으로, 도시부 가로망을 대상으로 한 시간 종속적 최단시간 경로탐색 알고리즘으로 double buckets 구조를 가진 확장된 Dijkstra 알고리즘이 추천된다. Finding shortest paths on time dependent networks is an important task for scheduling and routing plan and real-time navigation system in ITS. In this research, one-to-one time dependent shortest path algorithms based on link flow speeds on urban networks are proposed. For this work, first we select three general shortest path algorithms such as Graph growth algorithm with two queues, Dijkstra’s algorithm with approximate buckets and Dijkstra’s algorithm with double buckets. These algorithms were developed to compute shortest distance paths from one node to all nodes in a network and have proven to be fast and efficient algorithms in real networks. These algorithms are extended to compute a time dependent shortest path from an origin node to a destination node in real urban networks. Three extended algorithms are implemented on a data set from real urban networks to test and evaluate three algorithms. A data set consists of 4 urban street networks for Anaheim, CA, Baltimore, MD, Chicago, IL, and Philadelphia, PA. Based on the computational results, among the three algorithms for TDSP, the extended Dijkstra’s algorithm with double buckets is recommended to solve one-to-one time dependent shortest path for urban street networks.
김태형,Kim, Tae-Hyeong 한국화재보험협회 2006 防災와 保險 Vol.112 No.-
전립선이란? 정액의 일부를 형성하는 분비선으로, 방광 바로 아래 직장 앞쪽에 위치하여 크기는 밤톨 정도이다. 전립선은 우윳빛 전립선 액을 만들어 고환에서 생산되는 정자와 합쳐져 정액을 형성한다. 오르가즘시 전립선의 근육은 이 분비물을 요도를 통해 음경 밖으로 분출시킨다.
콘크리트 전과정 $CO_2$ 배출량 및 경제성 평가 시스템(SUSB-CLAS) 개발
김태형,박정훈,태성호,Kim, Tae-Hyoung,Park, Jung-Hoon,Tae, Sung-Ho 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.12
The main reason of the earth global warming is $CO_2$ and the regulation about it in the whole world has been reinforced to reduce $CO_2$ emission. It is needed that we should reduce it in the process at the production of concrete generated much of $CO_2$ emission as the primary material of construction industry recognized unfriendly environment industry. Based on a concrete, this study was constructed the Assessment system of $CO_2$ emission and economical efficiency in the life cycle of concrete to evaluate $CO_2$ emission generated in the stage of material production, transportation, manufacture using optimal design techniques. This study evaluates $CO_2$ emission and economical efficiency of ready-mixed concrete according to producing companies or standards, using the proposed program in this study, which is the assessment program of $CO_2$ emission and economical efficiency in the life cycle of concrete(SUSB-CLAS). $CO_2$ emission basic unit and economical efficiency DB in various concrete types are constructed throughout this study and will be used for prediction of $CO_2$ emission and economical efficiency in concrete industry and for fundamental resource for reducing $CO_2$ emissions.
Actions Unfinished in Waiting for Godot and Endgame
김태형 경희대학교 인문학연구원 2013 인문학연구 Vol.0 No.23
This paper examines the significance of silence in Samuel Beckett’s Waiting for Godot and Endgame, in which stillness and pauses function to allude to a human condition. The characters come out and go in on the stage throughout the play, speaking repetitively and making repetitive actions. Defective memory, or misremembered events of the past and present, prolong the shattered relationships of the protagonists, allowing them to continue their futile actions of waiting and returning. Their temporal and spatial sense of the present, expressed implicitly through silence, works like a Deleuzian “plan(e) of consistency,” enabling them to take a next step into the world which is full of agony and cries. The “becoming” in these two plays brings their characters back to the previous actions, giving them a fantasy of the reality or making them imagine that they are telling the stories different from the previous ones. Such becoming manifests itself in the characters’ repetitive actions and language, the actors’ style of using the stage space, and confrontations with the harsh realities. Beckett overlaps the fictional and the real in a singular theatrical moment, letting the readers and audience become aware of the human sufferings. In search of meaningful actions, the protagonists cannot end their stories while doing nothing in the end.