Direct Black 38 염료를 흰쥐에 투여 시 형성되는 헤모글로빈 부가체에 에탄올과 Phenobarbital이 미치는 영향

김치년,이세훈,노재훈,Kim, Chi-Nyon,Lee, Se-Hoon,Roh, Jae-Hoon 대한예방의학회 2002 예방의학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Objectives : To evaluate the effects on the formation of benzidine-hemoglobin, and benzidine metabolite-hemoglobin adducts, caused by pretreatment with the known xenobiotic metabolism effectors, ethanol and phenobarbital, in rats administered Direct Black 38 dye. Methods : The experimental rats were divided into three groups: a control group, an ethanol group and a phenobarbital group. Rats were pretreated with ethanol (1g/kg) or phenobarbital (80mg/kg) 24 hours prior to the oral administration of Direct Black 38 (0.5mmol/kg), with the control group being administered the same amount of distilled water. Blood samples were obtained from the vena cava of 5 rats from each group prior to, and at 30 min, 3h, 5h, 9h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h, and 144h following the oral administration of Direct Black 38. Directly after sampling the blood was separated into hemoglobin and plasma, with the adducts being converted into aromatic amines by basic hydrolysis. Hydrolyzed benzidiene, monoacetylbenzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl were analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector, The quantitative amount of the metabolites was expressed by the hemoglobin binding index (HBI). Results : In the ethanol group, benzidine-, monoacetylbenzidine-, and 4-aminobiphenyl-HBI were increased to a greater extent than those in the control group. These results were attributed to the ethanol inducing N-hydrgxylation, which is related to the formation of the hemoglobin adduct, In the phenobarbital group, all the HBIs, with the exception of the benzidine-HBI, were increased to a greater extent than those of the control group. These results were attributed to the phenobarbital inducing N-hydroxylation related to the formation of the hemoglobin adduct. The N-acetylation ratio was only increased with the phenobarbital pretreatment due to the lower benzidine-HBI of the phenobarbital group compared to these of the control and ethanol groups. The N-acetylation ratios for all groups were higher than f for the duration of the experimental period. Although the azo reduction was unaffected by the ethanol, it was inhibited by the phenobarbital, The ratio of the benzidine-HBI in the phenobarbital group was lower than those of the ethanol the control groups for the entire experiment. Conclusion : Our results indicate that both ethanol and phenobarbital increase the formation of adducts by the induction of N-hydroxylation, but also induced N-acetylation. Phenobarbital decreased the formation of benzidine-HBI due to the decrease of the azo reduction. These results suggest that the effects or ethanol and phenobarbital need to be considered in the biochemical monitoring of Direct Black 38.

흰쥐에서 에탄올이 요중 벤젠 대사 물질인 phenol 과 S - phenylmercapturic acid 배설에 미치는 영향

김치년(Chy Nyon Kim),노재훈(Jae Hoon Roh) 한국산업보건학회 2002 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.12 No.2

건강위해성평가에 의한 사무실 실내공기오염물질의 관리항목 확대

노영만 ( Young Man Roh ),이철민 ( Cheol Min Lee ),김윤신 ( Yoon Shin Kim ),김석원 ( Seok Won Kim ),김치년 ( Chi Nyon Kim ),김현욱 ( Hyun Wook Kim ),조기홍 ( Kee Hong Cho ),최호춘 ( Ho Chun Choi ),김정만 ( Jung Man Kim ) 한국산업위생학회 2006 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.16 No.1

This study was performed to deduct the extension possibility of the standards establishment for NO2, O3, Asbestos, Radon, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) excluded in the indoor air part of Industrial Safety Acts in Korea. The air pollutants were sampled for 30 office buildings from August to September, 2005 in the metropolitan area. The airborne concentrations of NO2, O3, Radon and TVOC were 0.0092 ppm, 0.0035 ppm, 0.57 pCi/L and 423 μg/m3, respectively. The management plan and reduction methods is required in the aspect of indoor air quality(IAQ) because the emission sources of those also exist in indoor as well as outdoor even though those were not exceeded the standards of the Ministry of Environment in Korea. The standard for TVOC in the new and remodeling office has to be established based on the risk assessment when hazard index exceeded "1" in the worst case scenario. In the state of art, the management of each volatile organic compounds has a difficulty due to not enough data for toxicological reference. Therefore, it is suggested that first of all, the standard for TVOC be established and then expanded to each materials for decision-making of improvement of IAQ in office.

복합식 공기청정기의 물리적 및 생물학적 입자상 물질의 제거 효과

김기연,김치년,김윤신,노영만,이철민,Kim, Ki-Youn,Kim, Chi-Nyon,Kim, Yoon-Shin,Roh, Young-Man,Lee, Cheol-Min 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.5

There was no significant difference in the CADR (Clean Air Delivery Rate) between physical aerosols, NaCl and smoke, and biological aerosols, airborne MS2 virus and P. fluorescens, which implicate that the hybrid-type of air purifier, applying the unipolar ion emission and the radiant catalytic ionization, imposed identical reduction effect on both physical aerosol and bioaerosol. Ventilation decreases the efficiency of air cleaning by unipolar ionization because high ventilation diminishes the particle concentration reduction effect. The particle removal efficiency decreases with increase in the chamber volume because of the augmented ion diffusion and higher ion wall loss rate. Particle size affects the efficiency of air ionization. The efficiency is high for particles with very small diameter because reduction of charge increases with particle size. If there is no increasing supply of ions, the efficiency of air cleaning by unipolar ionization increases with respect to initial concentration of particles because of the large space charge effect at high particle concentration and amplified electric field.

서울시 일부 지하철역 내 분포하는 부유 세균 및 입자상 오염물질 평가

김기연,박재범,김치년,이경종,Kim, Ki-Youn,Park, Jae-Beom,Kim, Chi-Nyon,Lee, Kyung-Jong 한국환경보건학회 2006 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.32 No.4

In activity areas of subway workers and passengers in Seoul metropolitan subway lines 1-4, mein concentrations of airborne bacteria were relatively higher in workers' bedroom and station precinct whereas concentrations of particulate matters, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$, were relatively higher in platform, inside train and driver's seat as compared with other activity areas. This result indicates that little correlation between airborne bacteria and particulate matters was found, which assumed that most airborne particulate matters distributed in subway consisted of mainly inorganic dust like a metal particles. Mean concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in station precinct and platform exceeded the threshold limit value ($PM_{10}:150{\mu}g/m^3,\;PM_{2.5}:65{\mu}g/m^3$) but those in station office and ticket office were below it. The genera identified in all the activity areas of subway over 5% detection rate were Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus and Corynebacterium, of which Staphylococcus and Micrococcus covered over 50% of total airborne bacteria and were considered as predominant genera distributed in subway.

전자부품제조업 근로자의 근골격계 자각증상과 관련요인

최인준,원종욱,김치년,김홍관,노재훈,Choi, In-Joon,Won, Jong-Uk,Kim, Chi-Nyon,Kim, Hong-Kwan,Roh, Jae-hoon 대한안전경영과학회 2017 대한안전경영과학회지 Vol.19 No.3

The purpose of this study was to identify the observable symptoms of musculoskeletal disease from electronic components manufacturing workers who involved in many repetitive tasks and to provide the basic data for the prevention and management. The survey was conducted on 721 people from 15 April, 2013 to 17 May, 2013 by self­recording type. The results of the study are as follows. First, symptom complaints based on different body parts are in following order, waist was 12.9%, shoulder was 10.5%, neck was 7.4%, hand/wrist/finger was 7.4%, leg/foot was 4.4%, arm/elbow was 2.8%, and 21.9% of the respondents showed symptoms in more than one body part. Sex, age, marital status, work experience, work intensity, and past accident experience were statistically significant. Second, in the job stress evaluation, all male and female workers were below the median of Korean workers in all of 8 categories. the higher the scores for lack of job autonomy, the higher the symptom complaints of musculoskeletal disease. In the case of patients complain observable symptoms of musculorskeletal disease, they should receive proper outpatient treatment, various programs such as stretching by body parts, setting up a desirable working posture, switching to cyclical work, should b developed as much as possible.

공기정화기 가동에 따른 사무실 재실자들의 행동성과 입자상 오염물질의 농도 분포 관계에 관한 연구

김기연,박재범,김치년,이경종,Kim, Ki-Youn,Park, Jae-Beom,Kim, Chi-Nyon,Lee, Kyung-Jong 한국환경보건학회 2007 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.33 No.4

The reduction efficiency of air cleaner on particulate contaminants such as dust, airborne bacteria and fungi distributed in the office was relatively higher in case of office with workers than office without workers. This result would be attributed to workers' activities and physical characteristics of particulate contaminants. The air cleaner decreased a concentration of airborne bacteria more than airborne fungi, which implicates that difference of dust adsorption between airborne bacteria and fungi would affect an operation efficiency of air cleaner.

서울시 일부 지하철역 내 부유 진균, 입자상 물질, 이산화탄소의 분포 양상

김기연,박재범,김치년,이경종,Kim, Ki-Youn,Park, Jae-Beom,Kim, Chi-Nyon,Lee, Kyung-Jong 대한예방의학회 2006 예방의학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Objectives: The aims of this study were to examine the level of airborne fungi and environmental factors in Seoul metropolitan subway stations and to provide fundamental data to protect the health of subway workers and passengers. Methods: The field survey was performed from November in 2004 to February in 2005. A total 22 subway stations located at Seoul subway lines 1-4 were randomly selected. The measurement points were subway workers' activity areas (station office, bedroom, ticket office and driver's seat) and the passengers' activity areas (station precincts, inside train and platform). Air sampling for collecting airborne fungi was carried out using a one-stage cascade impactor. The PM and CO2 were measured using an electronic direct recorder and detecting tube, respectively. Results: In the activity areas of the subway workers and passengers, the mean concentrations of airborne fungi were relatively higher in the workers' bedroom and station precinct whereas the concentration of particulate matter, $PM_{10}\;and\;PM_{2.5}$, were relatively higher in the platform, inside the train and driver's seat than in the other activity areas. There was no significant difference in the concentration of airborne fungi between the underground and ground activity areas of the subway. The mean $PM_{10}\;and\;PM_{2.5}$ concentration in the platform located at underground was significantly higher than that of the ground (p<0.05). Conclusions: The levels of airborne fungi in the Seoul subway line 1-4 were not serious enough to cause respiratory disease in subway workers and passengers. This indicates that there is little correlation between airborne fungi and particulate matter.

돈사 작업장 유형에 따른 입자상 오염물질의 실내농도 및 발생량에 관한 현장 조사

김기연,박재범,김치년,이경종,Kim, Ki-Yeon,Park, Jae-Beom,Kim, Chi-Nyon,Lee, Kyung-Jong 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Objectives: Particulate contaminants, such as total and respirable dusts, can harm the health of farm workers via several routes. The principal aims of this field study were to determine the concentrations and emissions of particulate contaminants: total and respirable dusts, in the different types of swine houses used in Korea, and allow objective comparison between Korea and the other countries in terms of swine housing types. Methods: The swine houses investigated in this research were selected with respect to three criteria: the manure removal system, ventilation mode and growth stage of pigs. Measurements of total and respirable dust concentrations and emissions in the swine houses were carried out on 5 housing types at 15 different farm sites per housing type. The swine houses investigated were randomly selected from farms situated within the central districts in Korea: province of Kyung-gi, Chung-buk and Chung-nam. Results: The total and respirable dust concentrations in the swine houses averaged $1.88\;and\;0.64mg/m^3$, ranging from $0.53\;to\;4.37mg/m^3$ and from $0.18\;to\;1.68mg/m^3$, respectively. The highest concentrations of total and respirable dusts were found in the swine houses with deep-litter bed systems: $2.94mg/m^3\;and\;1.14 mg/m^3$, while the lowest concentrations were found in the naturally ventilated buildings with slats: $0.83mg/m^3\;and\;0.24mg/m^3$, respectively (p<0.05). All the swine houses investigated did not exceed the threshold limit values (TLVs) for total ($10mg/m^3$) and respirable ($2.5mg/m^3$) dusts. The mean emissions of total and respirable dusts, per pig (75 kg in terms of live weight) and area ($m^2$), from the swine houses were 97.33 and 9.55 mg/h/pig and $37.14\;and\;12.83mg/h/m^2$, respectively. The swine houses with deep-litter bed systems showed the highest emissions of total and respirable dusts (p<0.05). However, the emissions of total and respirable dusts from the other swine houses were not significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion: The concentrations and emissions of total and respirable dusts were relatively higher in the swine houses managed with deep-litter bed systems and ventilated naturally of the different swine housing types tested. In further research, more farms than the number used in this research should be investigated, which will present objective and accurate data on the concentrations and emissions of total and respirable dusts in Korean swine houses. In addition, personal sampling should be performed to objectively assess the exposure level of farm workers to particulate contaminants.

규제대상 다중이용시설내 부유세균의 분포 특성에 관한 현장 조사

김기연 ( Ki Youn Kim ),장규엽 ( Gyu Yeob Jang ),박재범 ( Jae Beom Park ),김치년 ( Chi Nyon Kim ),이경종 ( Kyung Jong Lee ) 한국산업위생학회 2006 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Concentration and identification of airborne bacteria in the regulated public facilities were examined with the six-stage cascade impactor. Geometric mean total and respirable concentrations of airborne bacteria were 404 cfu/m3 and 194 cfu/m3 in hospital, 931 cfu/m3 and 358 cfu/m3 in kindergarten, 294 cfu/m3 and 134 cfu/m3 in day-care center, and 586 cfu/m3 and 254 cfu/m3 in postpartum nurse center, respectively. As a result, culturable total and respirable concentrations of airborne bacteria were significantly highest in kindergarten and lowest in day-care center (p<0.05). The ratio of respirable to total concentration of airborne bacteria in the investigated public facilities was ranged from 30% to 40% but there was no significant difference among them (p>0.05). The mean I/O ratio of culturable total and respirable concentrations were 0.58 and 0.66 in hospital, 0.71 and 0.83 in kindergarten, 0.28 and 0.41 in day-care center, and 0.63 and 0.78 in postpartum nurse center, respectively. Day-care center showed the lowest I/O ratio of culturable total and respirable concentration of airborne bacteria (p<0.05) but a significant difference was not found among other facilities. Indoor concentration of airborne bacteria did not correlated significantly with indoor temperature and relative humidity (p>0.05) but had a significant positive correlation with CO2 and surrounding condition (p<0.05). Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., and Bacillus spp. were dominant genera and amounted to over 95% of total airborne bacteria identified in the investigated public facilities. Size distributions of four dominant genera did not observed inconsistently regardless of type of public facility.