제주동자석(濟州童子石)의 헤어디자인 연구

김춘일(Chun Il Kim) 제주학회 2015 濟州島硏究 Vol.44 No.-

헤어디자인(hair design)은 모발이라는 소재에 선(line), 모양(shape), 방향(direction), 그리고 질감(texture)을 이용해 만든 예술로서 머리를 장식하는 것은 미에 대한 기본적인 욕구 중 하나로 남녀노소, 신분고하를 막론하고 인간이 갖는 가장 기본적인 것이라 할 수 있다. 더욱이 머리모양은 인종, 풍토, 그 시대의 미의식을 반영할 뿐만 아니라 민족, 종교, 정치, 성별, 연령, 직업과 신분 등을 나타내며 그 시대의 사회가 추구했던 모든 가치관을 읽어 볼 수 있는 중요한 요소로서 여러 가지 상징성을 가지고 있다. 제주동자석(濟州童子石)은 무덤가에 한 쌍으로 세워지는 약 30~100cm 크기의 사람 형태를 지닌 조형물이다. 일반적으로 현무암과 석회암으로 되어 있으며, 망자의 넋을 위로하는 아이 형상의 석상으로서 다양한 형태의 조형미를 지니고 있다. 투박하고 서민적인 간결한 표현방식으로 제주 고유의 정서를 담아내는 독특한 기념물이자 제주를 대표하는 또 하나의 이미지로서 자리매김하고 있어 제주동자석에 대한 관심이 늘어나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제주동자석의 시대적인 배경으로 추정되는 조선시대의 머리모양이 제주동자석의 머리모양에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 문헌, 논문, 서적, 인터넷 자료 등을 통해 고찰하였다. 또한 제주동자석의 동시대적인 배경으로 이해되는 조선시대의 다양한 머리모양들을 고찰하고 제주동자석과 비교·분석함으로써 조선시대의 머리모양이 제주동자석에 어떻게 형상화하였는지를 확인하였으며 이를 토대로 나타난 공통의 머리모양(쌍상투, 쪽진 머리, 댕기머리)을 작품으로 제작하였다. 이를 통해 조선시대의 머리모양이 제주동자석의 머리 모양에 많은 영향을 미쳤음을 알 수 있었고, 머리모양은 사회적, 정치적, 문화적, 종교적인 환경의 변화에 따라 각기 독특한 유형으로 변화·발전되어 왔으며, 제주동자석이라는 조형물에도 그대로 반영되었음을 알 수 있었다. 헤어디자인은 인체에 이루어지는 행위 예술로서 영구적으로 보존되어지는 디자인이 아니다. 그러므로 보다 섬세하고 과학적이며 심미안적인 디자인의 개발과 그 기술적 정립이 끊임없이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 제주동자석의 헤어디자인 연구를 통해 현대인들의 차별화 되고 동창적인 헤어디자인 요구에 부응할 수 있는 다양하고 예술적인 연구가 지속될 수 있기를 기대한다. Hair design is an art that creates on the material of hair utilizing line, shape, direction, and texture, i.e. decorating hair is one of basic desire for beauty, the most basic desire of human regardless of gender or age, and position. Moreover, hair style not only reflects the race, cultural climate, and the esthetic consciousness of the period, but also expresses the nationality, religion, politics, gender, age, occupation, and position, etc., which has various symbolization as an important factor that can understand all values that the society of that period pursued. Jeju Dongjaseok(濟州童子石) is a human shape sculpture, about 30~100cm sized, built in pair beside a grave. Generally, they are made of basalt and limestone, which has various shapes of formative beauty as the stone statue in the shape of a child that consoles the soul of the dead. It has been acknowledged as a special monument that contains the original emotion of Jeju with crude and folksy as well as simple expression mode and another image that represents Jeju, therefore, interest in Jeju Dongjaseok is increasing. Therefore, this research studied literature, theses, books, and internet material, etc. in order to investigate the influence of hair style of Joseon Dynasty, presumed as the period background of Jeju Dongjaseok, on the hair design of Jeju Dongjaseok(濟州童子石). Also, this research determined how the hair design of Joseon Dynasty was embodied in Jeju Dongjaseok(濟州童子石) by considering various hair styles of Joseon Dynasty which is understood as the same age background of Jeju Dongjaseok(濟州童子石) and comparing·analyzing Jeju Dongjaseok, based on this, produced a work of common hair style(twice topknot, bun, daenggi hair). Accordingly, this research could determine that Joseon period hair style influenced hair style of Jeju Dongjaseok(濟州童子石) a lot, also, hair style has changed· developed as the unique type respectively along with social, political, cultural, and religious environment change, which had been reflected on the sculpture, Jeju Dongjaseok(濟州童子石) as they are. Hair design is a performance art on human body, which is not permanently preserved. Therefore, it is continuously required to develop more delicate, scientific, and esthetic design and establish the technique thereof. Accordingly, the researcher expects that various and artistic researches to be continued that can respond to differentiated and original hair design demand of modern people based on the research on hair design of Jeju Dongjaseok(濟州童子石).

제주 말총(Horse hair)의 염색성 연구

김춘일(Chun-il Kim) 제주학회 2016 濟州島硏究 Vol.46 No.-

제주는 천혜의 자연환경과 독특한 문화 자원을 토대로 세계적인 관광제주로 변화하고 있다. 또한 2014년 1월, 전국 최초로 말(馬)산업 특구로 지정되면서 말산업이 국민의 삶의 질을 향상시키는 복합 문회산업으로의 발전을 통해 농촌 경제 활성화와 청소년 인성 함양, 레저문화 발달 등의 효과가 기대되는 성장 잠재력과 부가가치가 높은 산업으로 인식되고 있어 관광산업과 더불어 제주의 대표산업으로 부각되고 있다. 말과 관련한 다양한 콘텐츠 개발과 활성화 방안의 모색을 통해 관광산업과 연계하여 발전시키고자 말을 소재로 한 문화관광상품 개발에 대한 연구가 시도되고 있으나 아직은 매우 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 제주도에 서식하고 있는 말의 도축 과정에서 발생하는 부산물인 말총(Horse hair)을 천연의 소재로서 가치를 재발견하고 말총을 활용한 문화관광상품을 개발하기 위해 제주산 버진(Virgin)말총과 탈색(Bleach) 말총에 빨강, 노량, 파랑으로 각각 산성염모제를 도포하여 염색된 말총의 염색성을 색차계를 사용하여 명도(Lightness, L*), 적색도(Redness, a*), 황색도(Yellowness, b*), 색채(color difference, △E) 값을 측정하였다. 자연 상태로 각각 분리된 검정, 노랑, 흰색계열의 말총과 세 가지 계열의 말총을 탈색 처리한 말총 모두 염색성을 나타내었다. 특히 노랑, 흰색 계열의 말총은 버진(Virgin) 말총과 탈색 처리한 말총에서 모두 높은 염색성을 나타내어 버려지는 말총을 다양하게 활용하여 제주도의 문화관광상품을 개발하는데 충분한 기능성이 있을 것으로 판단된다. 향후 색상의 안정화를 위한 첨가제, 광태, 내구성, 향을 보완 할 수 있는 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다. Based on the natural environmental conditions and unique cultural resources, Jeju has become a global tourist attraction. In January 2014, Jeju was designated as the special horse industry zone for the first time in the nation. Therefore, with its development into the complex cultural industry to improve people s quality of life, the industry has been recognized as the me with growth potential and high added-value, which is expected to activate agricultural economy, raise adolescents personality, and develop leisure culture has been recognized as the me with growth potential and high added-value. Therefore, along with tourism, the horse industry has emerged as me of representative industries in Jeju. In order to find a way of developing and activating various contents relating to horses and grow the horse industry in association with tourism, research has been conducted to develop cultural tourist products based on the theme of horses. However, there is still a lack of research. Therefore, to rediscover the value of horse hair, which is a by-product of the butchery process of horses living in Jeju, as a natural subject and to develop cultural tourist products using horse hair, this study applied an acidic hairdye with red, yellow, and blue each to Jeju Virgin horse hair and Bleach horse hair, and measured the Lightness (L*), Redness (a*), and Yellowness (b*), and color difference (△E) values of the dyed horse hairs with the use of color-difference meter to look into their dyeability. Black, yellow, and white horse hairs which are separated each as they are, and three types of bleached horse hairs which have different colors were found to have dyeability. In particular, in the case of yellow and white horse hairs, virgin horse hairs and bleached horse hairs showed high dyeability. Therefore, it is judged that horse hairs, mostly thrown away, have a great deal of potential for developing cultural tourist products in Jeju Island. In the future, it will be necessary to research improvements in additives for color stability, polishing, durability, and fragrance.

탈모증상자들의 사회학적 특성과 외모만족도에 관한 연구

현지원 ( Ji Won Hyun ),김춘일 ( Chun Il Kim ) 한국미용학회 2008 한국미용학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Hair loss, a common and genetically predisposed symptom among the people, commences at any age after puberty. It may significantly affect a variety of psychological and social experiences and individual`s appearance satisfaction. One of the main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of people who are suffering alopecia and their degree of appearance satisfaction. A total of 220 people with hair loss had a survey which was made up of questionnaires related to the hair loss: knowledge of alopecia, classification of androgenetic alopecia and appearance satisfaction including basic personal information. This study confirms that hair loss has significant impacts on the peoples` overall appearance satisfaction. As a result, females and young people generally had lower satisfaction degree on their appearance compared with males and old people, respectively.

버찌 추출물을 이용한 모발 염색 및 견뢰도 분석

양영단 ( Young Dan Yang ),김춘일 ( Chun Il Kim ),나명석 ( Myung Suk Na ) 한국미용학회 2013 한국미용학회지 Vol.19 No.3

This study was to examine the effect of color and colorfastness depended on temperature and dyeing time by using hot water extract form cherry. The dyeing temperature was 25oC, 30oC, 50oC, and 70oC and dyeing time was respectively 10, 30, 50, and 70 minutes. The colorfastness was measured by the washing with shampoo and daylight. As the result, effect of color was lack pink and dependant of dyeing time and temperature. The effect of dyed hair which appeared at 30oC for 70 minutes was higher than others. The value of lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness(b*) and color difference(ΔE) was measured 36.49, 12.15, 12.80 and 34.55 respectively. The rate of colorfastness was decreased with repeating shampoo washing and daylight. The daylight was similarly decreasing as shampoo washing. From these results, we can confirm that the hot water extracts from cherry may be useful in the materials of hair coloring dye.

미용 유튜버의 신뢰도와 정보탐색 만족도 및 이용성과 간의 영향관계

신희웅(Sin, Hei Ung),김춘일(Kim, Chun Il) 한국디자인문화학회 2021 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.27 No.3

최근 유튜브를 활용한 교육 콘텐츠의 공급과 수요가 증가하고 있으며, 미용 콘텐츠는 전문가 외에도 일반인 유튜버들이 노하우와 정보를 제공하고 있다. 하지만 일반 유튜버들의 비중이 커지면서 지식과 경험이 검증되지 않은 상태의 무분별한 콘텐츠가 발생하고 유튜버의 신뢰성에 대한 관심과 문제가 제기되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 미용 유튜버의 신뢰도와 정보탐색 만족도 및 이용성과 간의 영향관계를 알아보고자 한다. 또한, 연구결과를 통하여 미용 콘텐츠로 수익을 창출하는 유튜버들에게 신뢰성에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고 미용 콘텐츠의 질적 향상에 도움이 되고자 한다. 본 연구는 평소 유튜브 콘텐츠를 시청하는 2 · 30대 미용전공자를 대상으로 리커트 5점 척도를 활용하여 총 295부의 설문지를 수집 · 분석하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 21.0와 AMOS 21.0 통계 프로그램을 활용하였으며, 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, 주성분 분석, 요인분석, 공변량 구조분석을 실시하였다. 연구의 주된 내용은 미용 유튜버, 유튜버 신뢰도, 정보탐색 만족도, 이용성과에 관한 이론적 배경과 연구 설계 및 분석 결과로 구성된다. 연구 결과, 유튜버 신뢰도는 정보탐색 만족도와 이용성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 정보탐색 만족도는 이용성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 유튜버 신뢰도와 이용성과의 관계에서 매개역할을 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 미용 유튜버는 시청자들에게 긍정적인 선택을 받기 위하여 신뢰성 있는 콘텐츠를 제공해야 하며, 전문성과 능력, 전문지식을 필수적으로 갖추어야 할 것이다. The supply and demand of education contents using YouTube are increasing recently, and know-how and information for beauty content are being provided by ordinary YouTubers besides experts. However, with the proportion of ordinary YouTubers growing, indiscriminate content without verifying knowledge and experience has been occurred, and concerns for and issues of reliability have been raised. Therefore, this study is aimed at identifying the influence relationship between beauty YouTubers’ reliability, information search satisfaction and usage performance. In addition, it is intended to provide basic data on reliability for them who make their profits through beauty content. To achieve this, it surveyed hairdressers in their 20s and 30s who usually watch YouTube content. A Likert 5-point scale was used to collect and analyze a total of 295 questionnaires. The SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 programs were also used to conduct frequency analysis, reliability analysis, principal component analysis, factor analysis, and covariance structure analysis. The main contents of research are composed of theoretical background on beauty YouTubers’ reliability, information search satisfaction and usage performance, research design, and analysis results. The research results showed that beauty YouTubers’ reliability had a positive influence on their information search satisfaction and usage performance. In addition, their information search satisfaction had a positive influence on their usage performance, and played a mediating role in the relationship between their reliability and usage performance. Consequently, beauty YouTubers should provide viewers with reliable content and have essential professionalism, skill and expertise to receive a positive choice from them.

홍화(Cartbamus tinctorius)로 염색한 모발염색에서 용매의 효과

장미화 ( Mi Haw Chang ),김춘일 ( Chun Il Kim ) 한국미용학회 2009 한국미용학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Human hair is a kind of fibrous keratin which has much cystine residues like wool fiber. It protects human head from the dangerous shock and is an organ to relase heavy metal in human body. Recently, in many dyeing field there is a trend to utilize the natural dyes. Safflower is a reddish natural mordant dye. When the safflower is applied in human hair dyeing, it is expected that dyeing rate will be slow and wash fastnss will be poor on account of large molecular weight relative to oxidative dyes. In this work, we investigate the effects of benzyl alcohol in hair dyeing with natural dye saffolwer. Dyeability of hair increased significantly by adding benzyl alcohol in safflower dyeing. Neverthless the hair was slightly damaged during dyeing, the dyed hair showed a good wash fastness.

이사도라 보브형 커트와 그래쥬에이션 커트의 혼합형스타일에 대한 실증연구

정원지(Won-Ji Jung),김춘일(Chun-Il Kim) 한국뷰티산업학회 2017 뷰티산업연구 Vol.11 No.1

원랭스 커트는 안정감과 무게감을 가지며, 그래쥬에이션 커트는 도시적이며, 지적이고 풍성하며 세련되어 보이는 이미지를 가지고 있다. 커트스타일에서 이러한 이미지를 나타내 기 위한 기본커트 형태의 혼합은 필수적이다. 그리고 헤어커트 디자인에서 혼합형 커트에 대한 실기교육은 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 그러므로 NCS의 응용헤어커트에서 제시하는 원랭스 커트 중 이사도라 보브형과 그래쥬 에이션의 커트의 혼합형 스타일에 대한 커트디자인을 실증한 후 제시하여 헤어커트 디자인 교육의 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다. 실증은 마네킹을 사용하였으며, 커트형태는 이사도라 보브형 커트에 로우 그래쥬에이션, 미디엄 그래쥬에이션, 하이 그래쥬에이션을 혼합하였다. 모발길이는 N⋅P 10㎝로 통일하였으며, 베이스는 이사도라 보브형 커트에는 다운 베이 스를 그래쥬에이션에는 온 더 베이스를 하였다. 시술각도는 이사도라 보브형에는 0°를 로우 그래쥬에이션은 약 30°, 미디엄 그래쥬에이 션은 45°, 하이 그래쥬에이션은 약 70°를 적용하였다. 그 결과 이사도라 보브형의 둥근 무게감과 그래쥬에이션의 시술각도에 따라 모발길이의 길어짐과 짧아짐에 의한 단차가 만들어지며 헤어커트 스타일이 변화되었다. 이것은 이사도 라 보브형 커트와 그래쥬에이션의 혼합에 의하여 다양한 헤어커트 디자인 가능하다는 것이 실증되었다고 사료된다. 그러므로 헤어커트 디자인에서 이사도라 보브형 커트와 그래쥬에이션 커트의 혼합형스 타일은 무게감 있는 둥근 형태선과 볼륨과 입체감을 주는 커트디자인을 하고자 할 때 혼합 하여 활용하면 다양한 결과를 보일 것으로 판단된다. One length cut has a sense of stability and weight and a graduation cut has an urban, intellecture, rich and sophisicated image. Mixing basic cut shapes to represent these images in a cut style is essential. And practical training on a mixed cuts in hair cut design is important. Therefore, The propose a cut design for the mixed style of the Isadora bob type and the graduation of the one length cut presented in the NCS application hair cut provide it as basic data of the hair cut design education. The demonstration used a mannequin and the cut shape was a low graduation, medium graduation, high graduation blend on the Isadora bob cut. The length of hair was unified to N.P 10 cm and the base was the down base for the Isadora bob type cut and the on base for the graduation. The procedure angle is 0° degree for the Isadora bob type, about 30° degrees for low graduation, 45° degrees for medium graduation, and about 70° degrees for high gradation. As a result according to theround weight of the Isadora bob type and the angle of the grauation the step by the lengthening and shortening of the hair length was made and the hair cut. This suggests that it is possible to design a variety of hair cuts by the blending of Isadora bob cut and graduation. Therefore, in the hair cut design the mixed style of the Isadora bob cut and the graduation cut is expected to show various results when mixed with the weighted round cut line, the volume and the cut design giving the three- dimensional feeling.

O-ring의 마찰, 마모 특성에 관한 실험적 고찰

오준철(Jun-Chul Oh),김대은(Dae-Eun Kim),김현준(Hyun-Jun Kim),김문환(Mun-Hwan Kim),김춘일(Chun-Il Kim) 대한기계학회 2009 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.33 No.10

O-rings are commonly used in machines as a seal. Due to prolonged use the surface of an O-ring can degrade which can lead to leakage as well as contamination. Damage of O-rings used in vacuum applications such as sputter is caused by various mechanisms. Particles detached from the O-ring may cause significant problems on the performance of the system in the vacuum chamber. Therefore, understanding the tribological behavior of O-rings is important to tackle the damage caused by repeated contact. In this work, FKM rubber was used for friction and wear tests conducted to investigate the tribological behavior of O-rings. A reciprocating type of a tribo-tester was used for the tests. The friction coefficient between the steel ball and the FKM specimen was quite high. Also, in order to identify the wear behavior, the surface of the FKM specimen was characterized using both optical and scanning electron microscopes. Evidence of wear due to adhesion and extrusion could be found. The results of this work will aid in improving the durability of O-rings.

O-ring의 마찰, 마모 특성에 관한 실험적 고찰

오준철(Jun-Chul Oh),김대은(Dae-Eun Kim),김현준(Hyun-Jun Kim),김문환(Mun-Hwan Kim),김춘일(Chun-Il Kim) 대한기계학회 2009 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2009 No.5

O-rings are commonly used in machines as a seal. Due to prolonged use the surface of an O-ring can degrade which can lead to leakage as well as contamination. Damage of O-rings used in vacuum applications such as sputter is caused by various mechanisms. Particles detached from the O-ring may cause significant problems on the performance of the system in the vacuum chamber. Therefore, understanding the tribological behavior of O-rings is important to tackle the damage caused by repeated contact. In this work, FKM rubber was used for friction and wear tests conducted to investigate the tribological behavior of O-rings. A reciprocating type of a tribo-tester was used for the tests. The friction coefficient between the steel ball and the FKM specimen was quite high. Also, in order to identify the wear behavior, the surface of the FKM specimen was characterized using both optical and scanning electron microscopes. Evidence of wear due to adhesion and extrusion could be found. The results of this work will aid in improving the durability of O-rings.

삼국시대부터 고려시대까지의 업스타일 재현에 관한 연구

손복심 ( Bok Shim Son ),최희진 ( Hee Jin Choi ),김춘일 ( Chun Il Kim ),나명석 ( Myung Suk Na ) 한국미용학회 2009 한국미용학회지 Vol.15 No.1

It started prehistoric age from tied hair with bone of animal the origin of up-style. After then up-style was changed to braid up-style add technical a pigtail(the Chinese). In fashioned Goguryeo Eon Ieun Meo Ri and Jog Meo Ri the style was under the ear of hair was braid one and then twist from neck and throw the fix an ornament hair pin in common people Goguryeo. Also Ga-che was fashioned in nobility: It plused Ga-che with Eon Ieun Meo Ri. It needed more high technique of beauty Ga-che then Eon Ieun Meo Ri. In period of Bae-je, Eon Ieun Meo Ri was fashioned. The style was braid two. It was expressed splend Ssang Hwan Gye. It reappeared two circle with decorated with jewels. An age of Silla, the women`s hair style was similar to Goguryeo, Bae-je, also it was expressed big size of Ga-che with decorated with jewel affected by Tang. In Goryeo, an ancient Korean state(918~1392) Women`s style was generally non discriminal without lowly people and nobility in fashion Eon Ieun Meo Ri, Jjog Meo Ri also it was similar to Silla. Nobility women put on heavy wig, later they twist in the middle of hair and the tied three red color of fine gauze. They reappeared up-style was more elegance, noble and delicate then the period of the three states.