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성견의 치조 연상 임플란트주위 결손부에서의 탈회냉동건조골과 e-PTEE막의 효과
김창성,최성호,조규성,Kim, Chang-Sung,Choi, Seong-Ho,Cho, Kyoo-Sung 대한치주과학회 2001 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.31 No.1
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adjunctive combined effect of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft(DFDB) in guided bone regeneration on supra-alveo-lar peri-implant defect. Supra-alveolar perio-implant defects, 3mm in height, each including 4 IMZ titanium plasma-sprayed implants were surgically created in two mongrel dogs. Subsequently, the defects were treated with 1 of the following 3 modalities: Control) no membrane or graft application, Group1) DFDB application, Group2) guided bone regeneration using an expanded polytetra-fluoroethylene membrane, Group3) guided bone regeneration using membrane and DFDB. After a healing period of 12-week, the animals were sacrificed, tissue blocks were harvested and prepared for histological analysis. Histologic examination were as follows; 1. New bon formation was minimal in control and Group 1, but considerable new bone formation was observed in Group 2 and Group 3. 2. There was no osteointegration at the implant-bone interface in the high-polished area of group2 and Group 3. 3. In fluorescent microscopic examination, remodeling of new bone was most active during week 4 and week 8. There was no significant difference in remodeling rate between group 2 and group 3. 4. DFDB particles were observed, invested in a connective tissue matrix. Osteoblast activity in the area was minimal. The results suggest that guided bone regeneration shows promising results in supra-alveolar peri-implant defects during the 12 week healing period although it has a limited potential in promoting alveolar bone regeneration in the high-polished area. There seems to be no significant adjunctive effect when DFDB is combined with GBR.
한국 포천 철(-동) 스카른 광상의 지질, 광화작용 및 생성연대
김창성,고지수,최선규,김상태,Kim, Chang Seong,Go, Ji Su,Choi, Seon-Gyu,Kim, Sang-Tae 대한자원환경지질학회 2014 자원환경지질 Vol.47 No.4
선캄브리아기 경기육괴의 북서부에 위치한 포천 철(-동)광상은 다양한 이론이 제시되어 논쟁 대상이 되었으며, 성인적 측면에서 변성(-배기형) 퇴적 광상이 주된 생성이론으로 인지되었다. 본 논문에서는 포천 스카른화작용/철광화작용의 핵심 증거를 통하여 공간적으로 인접한 명성산 화강암이 관계화성암의 가능성을 제시하였다. 포천 스카른은 석회암과 백운암의 다양한 탄산염암을 모암으로 하여 Ca계열, Mg계열 및 Na-Ca계열 스카른이 형성되었다. 철광화작용은 주로 Na-Ca계열 스카른대를 따라 배태되고 있으며, 후퇴 스카른 단계에 국부적으로 동 광화작용이 중첩된다. 포천 후퇴 스카른 단계에 정출된 금운모의 Ar-Ar과 K-Ar연대측정 결과는 $110.3{\pm}1.0{\sim}108.3{\pm}2.8Ma$이며, 스카른 철(-동) 광화작용은 천부 관입암체인 명성산 화강암의 관입시기(112 Ma)와 일치하여 관계화성암으로 추정된다. 주변 탄산염암, 스카른 및 맥상의 탄산염광물간 산소-탄소 동위원소 빈화된 경향성은 개방계 조건($XCO_2=0.1$)에서 열수의 탈탄산염화 작용과 침투작용에서 유도되었다. 한편 황화광물(황동석-황철석 혼합물)과 경석고에서 매우 높은 황 동위원소 값은 황근원물질이 주변 탄산염암에 함유되어 있던 황산염광물로부터 공급되었을 가능성을 지시한다. 포천 광상 주변의 전단대에서는 파쇄대가 중첩되어 발달하여 있으며, 백악기 화강암으로부터 공급된 고온성 광화유체가 이러한 약선대를 따라 유입되어 약 $500^{\circ}{\sim}400^{\circ}C$의 온도범위에서 강력한 근지성 스카른화작용과 함께 광화작용이 유도되었다. The Pocheon iron (-copper) deposit, located at the northwestern part of the Precambrian Gyeonggi massif in South Korea, genetically remains controversial. Previous researchers advocated a metamorphosed (-exhalative) sedimentary origin for iron enrichment. In this study, we present strong evidences for skarnification and Fe mineralization, spatially associated with the Myeongseongsan granite. The Pocheon deposit is composed of diverse carbonate rocks such as dolostone and limestone which are partially overprinted by various hydrothermal skarns such as sodic-calcic, calcic and magnesian skarn. Iron (-copper) mineralization occurs mainly in the sodic-calcic skarn zone, locally superimposed by copper mineralization during retrograde stage of skarn. Age data determined on phlogopites from retrograde skarn stage by Ar-Ar and K-Ar methods range from $110.3{\pm}1.0Ma$ to $108.3{\pm}2.8Ma$, showing that skarn iron mineralization in the Pocheon is closely related to the shallow-depth Myeongseongsan granite (ca. 112 Ma). Carbon-oxygen isotopic depletions of carbonates in marbles, diverse skarns, and veins can be explained by decarbonation and interaction with an infiltrating hydrothermal fluids in open system ($XCO_2=0.1$). The results of sulfur isotope analyses indicate that both of sulfide (chalcopyrite-pyrite composite) and anhydrites in skarn have very high sulfur isotope values, suggesting the $^{34}S$ enrichment of the Pocheon sulfide and sulfate sulfur was derived from sulfate in the carbonate protolith. Shear zones with fractures in the Pocheon area channeled the saline, high $fO_2$ hydrothermal fluids, resulting in locally developed intense skarn alteration at temperature range of about $500^{\circ}$ to $400^{\circ}C$.
국내 학교시설의 친환경건축물 인증 평가항목 및 사례 분석
김창성,Kim, Chang-Sung 한국교육시설학회 2013 敎育施設 Vol.20 No.2
Concerns about green building construction were quite increasing around the world. Therefore, Korea Government has executed the Green Building Certification Criteria(GBCC) in 2002. The GBCC of educational facilities was executed in 2005 and was revised in 2010. The aim of this paper is to check the reliability of weighting factors in all assessment categories of GBCC and to suggest the future revision direction of GBCC. For the study, the old and current version of GBCC were examined and the 5 cases certificated by the old version were analyzed and reassessed by current version to compare with the differences of the two in obtaining the green building certification. According to the results of the study, the GBCC requires additional amendments about the assessment categories of the energy consumption monitoring and building commissioning as required subjects in order to secure the stable performances of building. In addition, the categories of building management need to be assessed more intensively and the certification criteria for existing building should be enacted as soon as possible.
김창성,김종태,강준구,Kim. Changsung,Kim. Jongtae,Kang. Joongu 한국방재학회 2013 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.13 No.6
본 연구는 댐 및 보 하류의 세굴방지 등을 위해 설치되는 SPF(Scouring Protection Form) 공법의 모형 축척 변화에 따른 한계능력을 평가하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 하상보호공의 축소 모형을 제작하여 실험수로에서 수리모형실험을 실시하여 공법의 한계능력을 평가하였다. 실험 결과 파괴 유속값은 1/10인 조건에서는 5.57 m/s, 4.08 m/s로 나타났으며 1/20인 경우 5.55, 4.32 m/s, 1/30인 경우 5.00, 4.31 m/s, 1/50 조건에서는 4.09, 4.65 m/s로 측정되었다. 접근부의 소류력 분석결과 축척비가 클수록 즉 모형의 크기가 작을수록 매트 파괴시의 한계소류력이 크게 나타났다. 실험 및 분석 결과 강한 난류에 버텨야하는 SPF매트와 같은 구조물을 평가할 때 수리학적 상사를 적용할 경우 1/20 이상의 축척비가 필요한 것으로 나타났다. The objective of this paper is to figure out critical velocity of SPF(Scouring Protection Form) method that is installed to prevent dam and weir of scour. Through hydraulic experiments, critical flow of SPF was evaluated by making scale model of bed protection. The destruction flow velocity analyzed 5.57 m/s, 4.08 m/s in actuality rivers manufacturing 1/10 miniature. In case of 1/20 scale, the destruction flow velocity was 5.55 m/s, 4.32 m/s and 5.00 m/s, 4.31 m/s as a scale of 1/30 and 4.09 m/s, 4.65 m/s as a scale of 1/50 respectively. Scale model ratio is directly proportional to critical tractive force and scale model size is inversely proportional to critical tractive force. As a result, the hydraulic test showed to need the hydraulic model experiment over 1/20 scale when evaluating structures such as SPF mat that have to be able to withstand strong turbulence.
김창성,김용휘,최선규,고광범,한경수,Kim, Chang Seong,Kim, Yong-Hwi,Choi, Seon-Gyu,Ko, Kwang-Beom,Han, Kyeong-Soo 대한자원환경지질학회 2017 자원환경지질 Vol.50 No.1
단파장적외선 분광분석법을 현장에 적용하여 일정한 스펙트럼을 획득할 수 있는 시료의 표면상태, 수분함유 정도 및 분석조건에 대하여 검토하였다. 자연면, 절단면, 분말의 표면상태 중 자연면과 절단면은 거의 유사한 스펙트럼이 획득되었으며, 분말상태의 시료에서는 스펙트럼의 변화가 인지된다. 수분이 함유된 시료는 24시간 이상 상온 건조 후 측정 시 일정한 스펙트럼을 얻을 수 있으므로, 현장에서의 여건에 따라 24 ~ 48시간의 건조시간이 필요할 것이다. 밝은 색 광물의 경우 기기의 기본 값인 10회 반복측정으로도 안정적인 스펙트럼의 획득이 가능하였으나, 어두운 색의 광물은 100회에 해당하는 10초 정도의 분석시간이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 열수변질대 탐사 시, 2,160 ~ 2,330 nm 영역에서의 흡수피크 위치 및 형태를 기준으로, 그 외의 스펙트럼 특징들을 이용하면 대략적인 열수변질대 분대가 현장에서도 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 2,160 ~ 2,180 nm는 고령석, 딕카이트, 엽납석 및 명반석에 의해 (고)점토대((advanced) argillic zone)로, 2,180 ~ 2,230 nm의 흡수피크는 백운모, 견운모 및 스멕타이트에 의해 견운모대(phyllic zone), 2,230 ~ 2,270 nm 영역의 흡수피크는 녹니석 및 녹염석에 의해 프로필리틱대(prophylitic zone)로 구분 가능하다. 2,270 ~ 2,330 nm 영역에서는 명반석, 활석, 사문석, 각섬석, 탄산염광물 등 다양한 광물의 흡수피크가 나타나므로, 보다 더 세밀한 스펙트럼 해석이 요구된다. The analytical conditions including surface state, moisture effect, and device condition were investigated for applying Short Wave Infrared(SWIR) spectroscopy to the field survey. Among the three surface state of samples (exposed surface, cutting face and powder), both spectra from the exposed surface and cutting face are almost identical whereas spectral variation was detected in powder sample. Over 24-hours-dryring of the wet sample at room temperature, the samples show a similar spectrum with that of dry condition. The result suggests that outcrop samples mighty be dried for 24 ~ 48 hours depending on the wetness of outcrop. The bright minerals could produce stable spectra with 10 times measurements as default value of the device under SWIR spectroscopy but the dark minerals would require about 10 seconds, which corresponds to 100 times measurements to get the reliable spectra. The position and shape 2,160 ~ 2,330 nm and/or other spectral features of hydrothermal alteration minerals by SWIR spectroscopy could be used for a classification of hydrothermal alteration zone in the field. Absorption peaks in 2,160 ~ 2180 nm are useful for identifying (advanced) argillic zone by spectral characteristics of kaoline, dickite, pyrophyllite, and alunite. Absorption peaks in 2,180 ~ 2,230 nm are able to define muscovite, sericite, and smectite, which are key alteration minerals in phyllic zone. Absorption peaks in 2,230 ~ 2,270 nm can be used to recognize prophylitic zone where chlorite and epidote occur. Absorption peaks of other principle minerals such as talc, serpentine, amphibole, and carbonate group are mainly detected within the wave length of 2,270 ~ 2,330 nm. This result indicates that the spectra of these minerals need to be carefully interpreted.