과루인약침(瓜蔞仁藥鍼)이 Ovalbumin-induced Asthma Mouse Model에 미치는 영향(影響)

김정현,백경민,이현의,김종원,오병열,조현경,유호룡,김윤식,설인찬,심재철,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Baek, Kyung-Min,Lee, Hyun-Eui,Kim, Jong-Won,Oh, Byeong-Yeol,Jo, Hyun-Kyung,Yoo, Ho-Rhyong,Kim, Yoon-Sik,Seol, In-Chan,Shim, Jae-Chul 대한한방내과학회 2005 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Trichosanthis Semen Herbal-acupuncture(TS-HA) at Joksamni(ST36) on ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin(OVA) once a week for twelve weeks. The experimental group was treated with 1% concentrations of TS-HA at Joksamni(ST36) three times a week for the last eight weeks. Results : 1. The weight and total lung cells of the mice in the group treated with TS-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 2. Total leukocytes and eosinophils in Bronchoalveoler-lavage fluid(BALF) of the mice in the group treated with TS-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 3. Eosinophils in BALF of the mice in the group treated with TS-HA in photomicrographs decreased significantly compared with those of control group. 4. According to histological analysis of lung sections, adhension of collagen in TS-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 5. The concentration of IgE, IL-4, IL-5 in BALF and IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 in serum of the mice in the group treated with TS-HA decreased significantly compared with that of control group. 6. The number of $Gr-^+/CD11b^+,\;CD11b^+,\;CD3e^-/CCR3^+,\;CD4^+,\;CD8^+\;CD3e^+/CD69^+,\;CD23^+/B220^+\;cells$ in the lungs of the mice in the group treated with TS-HA decreased significantly compared with those of control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Trichosanthis Semen-herbal acupuncture at Joksamni(ST36) done on C57BL/6 mice is effective in part in relieving OVA-induced asthma in C57BL/6 mice.

벌독으로 인한 혈청병 양상의 두드러기 및 맥관부종 치험 1례

김정현,강다혜,김지영,임해원,김자헌,권강,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Kang, Da-Hae,Kim, Jee-Young,Lim, Hae-Won,Kim, Ja-Heon,Kwon, Kang 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2011 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Objective : This study was performed to prove the effect of the oriental medical treatments on urticaria and angioedema caused from serum sickness reaction by bee venom. Method : We treated one case of urticaria and angioedema with oriental medical treatments such as 8 constitution acupuncture, herbal medicine, venesection therapy and facial pack therapy. We took pictures through the treatment to evaluate the improvement. Six items, itching, burning sensation, pain, wheal, redness, edema were used to diagnose urticaria and angioedema. Result & Conclusion : After treatments the urticaria and angioedema were improved. The symptom of itching, heating, pain, wheal, redness of whole body and facial edema disappeared.

뇌졸중 위험지표로서의 혈중 지질에 대한 환자;대조군 연구

김정현,강경원,유병찬,최선미,백혜기,임승민,안정조,설인찬,김윤식,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Kang, Kyung-Won,Yu, Byeong-Chan,Choi, Sun-Mi,Baek, Hye-Ki,Lim, Seung-Min,An, Jung-Jo,Seol, In-Chan,Kim, Yoon-Sik 대한한방내과학회 2007 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

Background and purpose : Stroke is one of the most deadly diseases and a leading cause of disability. Lipids confer an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In spite of many studies on the relationship between stroke and lipids, their relationship is not clear. This study was undertaken to determine whether lipids were associated with stroke. Method : We compared the components of blood lipids between stroke patients group (n=217,Cases), non-stroke control group (n=160, Controls) and healthy control group without hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, or hyperlipidemia (n=140, Normals). These data were statically analyzed by general linear models and binary logistic regression analysis to get each adjusted odds ratio. Result : The results were as follows. The blood levels of total cholesterol (T-Chol), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-Chol) were significantly higher in patients of ischemic stroke, while the blood levels of T-Chol and LDL-Chol were significantly lower, and the blood levels of TG significantly higher in patients of hemorrhagic stroke. The blood level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-Chol) was significantly lower in all cases. Conclusion : These results suggest that high TG and low HDL-Chol may be risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke and ischemic stroke, high T-Chol and LDL-Chol may be risk factors of ischemic stroke, and low T-Chol and LDL-Chol may be risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke in Koreans.

제습순기탕(除濕順氣湯)이 고지혈증(高脂血症) 병태(病態) 모델에 미치는 영향(影響)

김정현,조현경,유호룡,설인찬,김윤식,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Jo, Hyun-Kyung,Yoo, Ho-Rhyong,Seol, In-Chan,Kim, Yoon-Sik 대한한방내과학회 2006 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

Objectives : This experiment was performed to determine the effects of the Jeseubsungi-tang(JSSGT) on hyperlipidemia-induced by hypercholesterolemic diet in mice. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with a hypercholesterolemic diet for 6 weeks. Experimental group was treated with $150mg/d{\ell}$ concentrations of JSSGT for 4 weeks (once a day). Results: JSSGT-treated mice showed a body weight decrease compared to normal group. JSSGT-treated mice showed a significant decrease in cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, ALT and LDL-cholesterol levels compared to hyperlipidemia-induced control group. However, HDL-cholesterol levels in JSSGT-treated group significantly increased compared to the hyperlipidemia-induced control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that JSSGT is effective in treating hyperlipidemia. Because only hyperlipidemic mice were studied, further research is needed.

시각적 연출에 의한 3D 입체 애니메이션 표현 연구

김정현    (Kim, Jung-Hyun) 한국만화애니메이션학회 2012 만화애니메이션연구 Vol.- No.26

애니메이션의 목적은 움직임을 통해 재미있는 스토리를 관객에게 전달하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 애니메이션은 탄생 이후 지금까지 100여년 이상의 시간동안 수많은 기술들을 도입하면서 다양한 내러티브 방법과 시각 표현 방법을 개발해 왔다. 또한 표현 기술력이 발달하면서 애니메이션을 구성하는 모든 요소들도 점점 체계화되어 왔고, 동시에 현실 그 이상의 세계를 표현할 수 있도록 해 주었다. 말 그대로 애니메이션을 제작하는 감독이 상상하는 모든 것들을 스크린을 통해 관객이 눈으로 볼 수 있는 시대가 된 것이다. 그리고 현재에는 애니메이션을 관람하는 관객이 마냥 프레임 안에서 움직이는 그림에 의해 즐거움을 느끼게 되는 시대를 넘어서도록 많은 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 즉, 수동적으로 바라보는 애니메이션을 넘어 관객이 직접 느끼며, 체감하는 애니메이션으로 목적성이 변화하고 있다는 것이다. 이런 과정에서 그 중심에 3D 입체라는 기술이 애니메이션의 새로운 즐거움을 표현할 수 있도록 해주고 있다. 얼마 전, 국내에서도 극장용 3D 입체 애니메이션이 제작되었으나, 해외의 3D 입체 애니메이션과 같은 완성도 높은 영상미를 기대했던 관객에게새로운 즐거움을 주지 못해 흥행 면에서 이렇다 할 성적을 거두지 못하였다. 이것은 국내의 입체 애니메이션 제작 산업이 아직 초보적인 단계에 불과하여 3D 입체 애니메이션 제작에 대한 인력 및 기술, 경험이 절대적으로 부족한 상태에서 제작되었기 때문이다. 그리고 대부분의 입체에 대한 연구가 재현 기술적 문제에 집중되어 있어 관객들이 직접적으로 접하게 되는 영상 그 자체에 대한 연구 또한 부족하거나 미흡한 실정인 것도 커다란 문제라 할 수 있다. 이러한 국내 상황 속에서 2010년에 개봉되었고, 현재까지 최고의 3D 입체 애니메이션 흥행작으로 손꼽히고 있는 드림웍스 작품인 <드래곤 길들이기>의 입체영상 화면은 연구될 가치가 충분하다 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 양질의 국내 3D 입체 애니메이션 제작 및 전문 인력 양성 시 기초자료로 활용되고자 풍부한 입체감을 전달하기 위해 화면을 담아내는 시각적 연출을 중심으로 이론적 고찰과 사례를 분석하여 연구하였다. 그 결과 3D 입체 애니메이션은 새로운 분야가 아닌 기존 영상미학의 원리를 기반으로 입체영상의 특성이 적용되어져 확장되고 변화된 영역인 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구를 통해 실재감 재현을 위한 3D 입체 애니메이션 콘텐츠 제작에 필요한 이론적 기초연구의 토대를 구축하는데 도움이 될 것으로 본다. The purpose of animation is to give interesting stories to an audience through motion. To achieve the purpose, over the past century since its inception, animation has adopted many kinds of technologies, and thus developed diverse narrative methods and visual expression techniques. In addition, with the advancement of expression techniques, all elements making up animation have gradually been systemized, and at the same time, have helped express the worlds beyond the reality. As a result, people have faced the era when an audience can watch everything imaginated by an animation director on a big screen. These days, more efforts have been made in order for the audience to feel much more than enjoy pictures moving in a frame. In other words, the purpose of the animation is changing from the passive viewing of animation to feeling and sensing stuffs through the animation. In the center of the changing process is 3D technology which gives new interesting to an audience. Sometime ago, a 3D animation movie was produced in Korea. But it did not bring out box-office profits, for it failed to give satisfaction to an audience who expected high perfection and beauty being able to be rivalled to those of international 3D animation movies. The failure is attributable to the fact that the domestic 3D animation production industry is merely in the early stage, and has not sufficient human resources, technology, and experiences in producing 3D animation films. Moreover, the problem is that most studies on 3D focus on the technologies related to reenactment, but that few studies on the images, which an audience directly faces, have been conducted. Under the domestic circumstance, the study on stereoscopic image screen of <How to Train Your Dragon>, a 3D stereoscopic animation film which was released in 2010 and has been seen as the best successful 3D stereoscopic animation, is worthwhile. Thus this thesis conducted theoretical consideration and case analysis focusing on the visual direction that creates the pictures to deliver abundant three dimensional effect so that it can be used as a basic data when producing high quality-domestic 3D animation and training professional labor forces. In the result, it was found that the 3D animation was not a new area, but the area which has been expanded and changed by applying the characteristics of 3D image based on the principles of the existing media aesthetics. This study might be helpful to establish the foundation of the theoretical studies necessary for producing 3D animation contents for realizing the sense of reality.

(1-x)Pb(Yb_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-xPbTiO₃ (0.40 ≤ x ≤ 0.60) 고용계에서의 PbTiO₃ 치환에 따른 상전이 영역의 상전이 거동과 유전특성

김정현,Kim, Jung-Hyun 한국세라믹학회 2012 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.49 No.3

In this study, crystal structural changes and dielectric properties of $(1-x)Pb(Yb_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3-xPbTiO_3$ ((1-x)PYN-xPT) solid solutions were measured and analyzed with respect to the $PbTiO_3$ (PT) contents ($0.40{\leq}x{\leq}0.60$). From X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, (1-x)PYN-xPT solid solutions showed changes of the crystal structure from pseudocubic ($0.40{\leq}x{\leq}0.44$) to tetragonal ($0.52{\leq}x{\leq}0.60$) on increasing PT contents and exhibited the coexistence of pseudocubic and tetragonal phase near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition ($0.46{\leq}x{\leq}0.50$). The dielectric constant showed a maximum value at x = 0.46 and the maximum values in (1-x)PYN-xPT decreased with higher PT contents. The phase transition temperatures of (1-x)PYN-xPT solid solutions increased over the whole composition ranges tested ($0.40{\leq}x{\leq}0.60$).

중·저온형 고체산화물 연료전지 공기극의 적용을 위한 Sr이 치환된 이중층 페로브스카이트 기반 복합공기극 물질의 분말 크기 및 열 사이클에 따른 전기화학특성 분석

김정현,Kim, Jung-Hyun 한국전기화학회 2011 한국전기화학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The electrochemical characteristics from various particle sizes of $Ce_{0.9}Gd_{0.1}O_{2-{\delta}}$ (CGO91) in composite cathode comprised of the samarium-strontium doped layered perovskite ($SmBa_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_2O_{5+{\delta}}$) and CGO91 have been investigated for possible application as a cathode material for an intermediate temperature-operating solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). The area specific resistances (ASRs) of composite cathodes with CGO91 having smaller particle size ($0.4\sim42{\mu}m$) and SBSCO of 1 : 1 ratio (50wt% SBSCO and 50 wt% CGO91, SBSCO: 50) give the lowest ASR of $0.10{\mu}cm^2$ at $600^{\circ}C$ and $0.013{\Omega}cm^2$ at $700^{\circ}C$. However, composite cathodes with having relatively bigger CGO91 particle size show the two times higher ASR results than those of SBSCO : 50. From the 10 times thermal cycles in SBSCO : 50, the ASRs of SBSCO : 50 increased from $0.0193{\Omega}cm^2$ to $0.094{\Omega}cm^2$ at $700^{\circ}C$, however, the ASR value was maintained after 7 times of thermal cycling. 본 연구에서는 Sr이 치환된 이중층 페로브스카이트($SmBa_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_2O_{5+{\delta}}$, SBSCO)와 전해질 물질로 사용되는 $Ce_{0.9}Gd_{0.1}O_{2-{\delta}}$ (CGO91)을 기반으로 한 중 저온형 고체산화물 연료전지 (ITSOFC) 복합공기극의 분말 크기와 열 사이클에 대한 전기화학특성을 연구하였다. 복합공기극의 모체가 되는 SBSCO에 CGO91물질을 이용하여 면적비저항을 확인 한 결과 약 $0.54\sim9.04{\mu}m$의 분말 크기를 보이는 SBSCO와 $0.4\sim42{\mu}m$의 분말 크기를 보인 CGO91이 각각 50 wt%로 구성된 SBSCO : 50 복합공기극이 600 및 $700^{\circ}C$에서 약 0.102 및 $0.013{\Omega}cm^2$의 우수한 면적비 저항을 가지는 것을 확인 하였으며 상대적으로 분말 크기가 큰 CGO91 분말을 이용한 두 개의 공기극의 경우 $700^{\circ}C$에서 약 $0.260{\Omega}cm^2$와 $0.055{\Omega}cm^2$의 특성을 보여주었다. 10회에 걸친 열 사이클실험을 통하여 SBSCO : 50의 면적비저항은 $0.0193{\Omega}cm^2$에서 $0.094{\Omega}cm^2$로 증가하였으며 7회 이후의 면적비저항은 일정하게 유지됨을 확인하였다.

중·저온형 고체산화물 연료전지 공기극 물질로 사용되는 이중층 페로브스카이트와 컴플렉스 페로브스카이트의 전기 전도도 비교

김정현,Kim, Jung Hyun 한국세라믹학회 2014 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.51 No.4

Electrical conductivities of complex perovskites, layered perovskite and Sr doped layered perovskite oxides were measured and analyzed for cathode materials of Intermediate Temperature-operating Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (IT-SOFCs). The electrical conductivities of $Sm_{1-x}Sr_xCoO_{3-\delta}$ (x = 0.3 and 0.7) exhibit a metal-insulator transition (MIT) behavior as a function of temperature. However, $Sm_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}CoO_{3-\delta}$ (SSC55) shows metallic conductivity characteristics and the maximum electrical conductivity value compared to the values of $Pr_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}CoO_{3-\delta}$ (PSC55) and $Nd_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}CoO_{3-\delta}$ (NSC55). The electrical conductivity of $SmBaCo_2O_{5+\delta}$ (SBCO) exhibits a MIT at about $250^{\circ}C$. The maximum conductivity is 570 S/cm at $200^{\circ}C$ and its value is higher than 170 S/cm over the whole temperature range tested. $SmBa_{0.5}Sr_{0.5}Co_2O_{5+\delta}$ (SBSCO), 0.5 mol% Sr and Ba substituted at the layered perovskite shows a typically metallic conductivity that is very similar to the behavior of the SSC55 cathode, and the maximum and minimum electrical conductivity in the SBSCO are 1280 S/cm at $50^{\circ}C$ and 280 S/cm at $900^{\circ}C$.

Capillary electrophoresis(CE)를 이용한 천궁의 원산지 판별

김정현,김은영,정경숙,류미라,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Kim, Eun-Young,Chung, Kyung-Sook,Rhyu, Mee-Ra 한국응용생명화학회 2003 한국농화학회지 Vol.46 No.4

최근 수입자유화 이후 중국산 한약재의 수입이 증가하면서 수입산과 국산의 명확한 판별이 요구되고 있는 가운데 수입이 급증한 품목 중 하나인 천궁을 선택, CE를 이용한 분석조건을 확립하고 원산지판별에의 적용가능성을 검토하였다. 분석을 위한 지표물질의 추출에는 30% ethanol 을 사용하였고, $50\;{\mu}m\;I.D.{\times}27\;cm$ 길이의 uncoated fused-silica capillary를 이용하여 $40^{\circ}C$, 10 kV로 200 nm에서 분석하였다. 0.1 M phosphate buffer(pH 2.5)에 40% methanol과 15 mM IDA를 첨가하여 분석 buffer로 사용하였고, 국산시료는 5초, 수입산은 2초 동안 pressure injection하였다. 분석 시 시료 injection 전에 증류수로 4분간 흘려주고 분석 buffer로 10분간 평형화시켰으며 분석이 끝난 후 0.1M phosphoric acid와 1N sodium hydroxide를 각각 4분씩 흘려 분석의 재현성을 높이고자 하였다. 이상의 조건으로 시중에 유통되는 국내산(62점)과 수입산(51점) 천궁을 분석한 결과 전체 peak에 대한 구성비율이 서로 차이를 나타내는 peak LW-1과 peak LW-5(용출시간 약 11분, 14분)를 원산지 판별에 적용할 수 있는 peak로 도출하였으며, 이 peak를 이용한 국산 및 수입산 천궁의 원산지 판별율은 국산이 약 65%(총 62점 중 40점을 바르게 판별), 수입산은 약 63%(총 51점 중 32점을 바르게 판별)로 나타났다. Optimal extraction, separation and capillary rinsing conditions for capillary electrophoresis (CE) were established to discriminate the geographical origin of ligusticum root (Ligusticum wallichii) using 113 samples (domestic sample n = 62, foreign sample n = 51). Ligusticum root was extracted with 30% ethanol and separated on a uncoated fused-silica $(50\;{\mu}m{\times}27\;cm)$ capillary. Conditions for optimal analysis include: temperature, $40^{\circ}C$; voltage, 10 kV; and pressure injection time, domestic and foreign samples were 5 sec and 2 sec, respectively. The optimal separation buffer was 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) containing 15 mM iminodiacetic acid with 40% methanol. Under the optimal conditions established for CE, the ratio of specific peak area (peak LW-1) to other peak area (peak LW-5) was effective in discrimination geographical origin of ligusticum root. The mean accuracy for correct discrimination of geographical origin of domestic and foreign ligusticum roots were 65% and 63%, respectively.

PMOS 게이팅 셀 기반 2.5-V, 1-Mb 강유전체 메모리 설계

김정현,정연배,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Chung, Yeonbae 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.42 No.10

본 논문에서는 강유전체 메모리의 셀 효율을 높이기 위해 PMOS-gating 셀을 이용한 설계기법을 기술하였다. PMOS-gating 셀은 PMOS access 트랜지스터와 강유전체 커패시터로 이루어지며 커패시터의 플레이트는 ground에 고정된다. 아울러 read/write 동작시 비트라인이 $V_{DD}$로 precharge 되고, negative 전압 워드라인 기법이 사용되며, negative 펄스 restore 동작을 이용한다. 이는 셀 플레이트 구동없이 단순히 워드라인과 비트라인만 구동하여 메모리 셀의 데이타를 저장하고 읽어낼 수 있는 설계 방식으로, 기존의 셀 플레이트를 구동하는 FRAM 대비 메모리 셀 효율을 극대화 할 수 있어, multi-megabit 이상의 집적도에서 경쟁력 있는 칩 면적 구현이 가능하다. $0.25-{\mu}m$ triple-well 공정을 적용한 2.5-V, 1-Mb FRAM 시제품 설계를 통해 제안한 설계기술을 검증하였고, 시뮬레이션 결과 48 ns의 access time, 11 mA의 동작전류 특성을 보였다. 레이아웃 결과 칩 면적은 $3.22\;mm^{2}$ 이며, 기존의 셀 플레이트 구동기를 사용하는 FRAM 대비 약 $20\;\%$의 셀 효율을 개선하였다. In this paper, a FRAM design style based on PMOS-gating cell structure is described. The memory cell consists of a PMOS access transistor and a ferroelectric capacitor. Its plate is grounded. The proposed scheme employs three novel operating methods: 1) $V_{DD}$ precharged bitline, 2) negative-voltage wordline technique and 3) negative-pulse restore, Because this configuration doesn`t need the on-pitch plate control circuitry, it is effective in realizing cost-effective chip sizes. Implementation for a 2.5-V, 1-Mb FRAM prototype design in a $0.25-{\mu}m$, triple-well technology shows a chip size of $3.22\;mm^{2}$, an access time of 48 ns and an active current of 11 mA. The cell efficiency is 62.52 $\%$. It has gained approximately $20\;\%$ improvement in the cell array efficiency over the conventional plate-driven FRAM scheme.