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김정명 명지대학교(서울캠퍼스) 인문과학연구소 2016 인문과학연구논총 Vol.37 No.2
This article aims to study the idea of religious pluralism in the Islamic Mysticism or Sufism. Since the 20th century the Muslim society has experienced the most frequent inter-denominational and inter-ethnic conflicts in the world. In this context, it is expected that the rediscovery of the pluralistic values in the Islamic tradition itself will help modern Muslims to develop new means necessary to coexist with other religious worshipers including Christians, Jews and Buddhists in the global society of the 21st century. According to John Hick, religious pluralism means a mutual acceptance of the world religions as different but equally valid relationships to the ultimate reality. He also points out that it is an error to say that religious pluralism is a product of post-Enlightenment western liberalism. He stresses that mystic thinkers of all the great religious traditions such as Meister Eckhart, Maimonides, Ibn ‘Arabī and Rūmī preached the basic pluralist ideas. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, a modern Muslim philosopher, also points out that it is in the perspective of Sufism that the most profound encounter of Islam with other traditions has been made. Ibn ‘Arabī(1165-1240) and Jalāl ad-Dīn Rūmī(1207-1273) are considered as early Sufi thinkers who have established the concept of Waḥdat al-adyān(the transcendental unity of religions), which is very similar to John Hick’s concept of religious pluralism. Ibn ‘Arabī’s idea of religious pluralism originated from the concept of Waḥdat al-wujūd(The unity of Being), which explains that God creates the universe to manifest the fullness of His own nature. According to him, God’s self-manifestation(tajallī) takes diverse and different forms in accordance with the creature’s capacity. Ibn ‘Arabī thought that religious pluralism is a natural consequence of the diverse appearances of God’s tajallī. Rūmī, who has been influenced by Ibn ‘Arabī, also thought that all the religions are essentially one, even though they look different in forms. That’s why he considered it necessary to go beyond dogmatic barriers of a particular religion to reach the Reality. Religious pluralism doctrine of Sufism contributed a lot in the propagation of Islam in the Indian subcontinent. Many Sufi orders(tarīqa) in India were generally tolerant to the non-Muslims. Especially the Qadiriyya order was famous for its pluralistic views towards Hinduism. For example, Abd al-Karīm al-Jīlī(1366~1424) described the Hindus as adherents to the religions of Abraham and said that their scriptures contain the universal message of God. The religious pluralism of the Qadiriyya has influenced the tolerant religious policy of the Mughal Empire. For example, Dara Shikih(1615-1659), a prince of the Mughal Empire as well as a famous devotee of Ibn ‘Arabī, thought that the prophets had been sent by God to India to spread the Divine Revelation. He was responsible for the translation of many Hindu works, including Bhagavad Gītā, Yoga Vasistha, Upanishads, into Persian in the mid-17th century.
인문 · 사회과학편 : 교내 자율활동 체계를 바탕으로 한 대학 스포츠시설의 합리적 운영 방안
김정명 한국체육학회 1995 한국체육학회지 Vol.34 No.3
The purpose of this study was to investigate sport facility administration within a university setting and to develop a proper model of effective facility management on the basis of the research findings. The research design for the dual purpose included both qualitative and quantitative methodology to make more comprehensive and meaningful interpretation The result of this study could be summed up in the following conclusive remarks :1) Facility management of the sample university campus was put emphasis on curricular physical education and/or athletic programs. It was in this context that students had little chance for intramural.2) Both on-campus and off-campus students of the sample university located in a good distance from metropolitans needed intramural sport activities and facilities seriously, Yet there were significant differences between two groups in activity time, priority, place, and the participation degree.3) It was suggested that intramural service system start from area service to program service and information service.And finally’ an IM manager position detached from the physical education department and from the athletic department at the organization level was recommended for rational management of campus sport facilities based on the IM system.