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국내외 판내부 지진기록을 이용한 한국 표준수평설계스펙트럼의 개발
김재관,김정한,이진호,허태민 한국지진공학회 2016 한국지진공학회논문집 Vol.20 No.6
The design spectrum for Korea, which is known to belong to an intra-plate region, is developed from the ground motion records of the earthquakes occurred in Korea and overseas intra-plate regions. The horizontal spectrum is defined as geometric mean spectrum, GMRotI50. From the statistical analysis of the geometric mean spectra, a mean plus one standard deviation spectrum in lognormal distribution is obtained. Regression analysis is performed on this curve to determine the shape of spectrum including transition periods. The developed design spectrum is valid for the estimation both spectral acceleration and displacement.
국내외 판내부 지진기록을 이용한 한국 표준수직설계스펙트럼의 개발
김재관,김정한,이진호,허태민 한국지진공학회 2016 한국지진공학회논문집 Vol.20 No.6
The vertical design spectrum for Korea, which is known to belong to an intra-plate region, is developed from the ground motion records of the earthquakes occurred in Korea and overseas intra-plate regions. From the statistical analysis of the vertical response spectra, a mean plus one standard deviation spectrum in lognormal distribution is obtained. Regression analysis is performed on this curve to determine the shape of spectrum including transition periods. The developed design spectrum is valid for the estimation both spectral acceleration and displacement. The ratio of vertical to horizontal response spectrum for each record is calculated. Statistical analysis of the ratios rendered the vertical to horizontal ratio (V/H ratio). Subsequently the ratio between the peak vertical ground acceleration to the horizontal one is obtained.
21세기 중국 노동자의 집단적 저항과 국가의 대응: 노동계약법과 단체협상제도를 중심으로
김재관 현대중국학회 2020 현대중국연구 Vol.22 No.2
The purpose of this article is to critically analyze the legal- institutional response and problems of the state, focusing on the changes in the tripartite relations among labor, management and government in China in the 21st century, and examine the implications of labor politics. The main subjects of study are as follows. First, it is an analysis of the phenomenon of collective strike of Chinese workers. Second, the state’s various legal and institutional responses to worker resistance. Third, it examines the labor contract law and collective bargaining system in terms of legalization of labor relations. The discussion is summarized as follows. First, Since the 21st century, there has been a steady construction of laws and institutions to guarantee workers’ rights and interests, but there are still many legal and institutional deficiencies, and they are limited to a level that cannot represent the actual interests and demands of workers. Second, from the viewpoint of looking at labor disputes, the state and managers are more passive in the protection of workers’ rights and interests because the unitarist perspective of labor- management relations dominates overwhelmingly rather than the pluralist perspective. Third, in the collective disputes of workers, the state tends to focus on maintaining the stability of society rather than ‘protecting workers’ rights and interests’. Fourth, it seems that the duality and contradiction of labor union’s role within the socialist system will inevitably be maintained. Due to the nature of the party-state system, it seems difficult to escape from the framework of “socialist corporatism”. Fifth, in the process of increasing collective disputes and strikes, although social demands for strengthening the independence and representation of labor unions are erupting, the Chinese Government could not accept labor’s demands. This cannot but deny the self-identity of the workers’ state under the socialist system. 이 글의 목적은 21세기 중국의 노동관계의 변화를 노-사-정 삼자 관계 의 변화를 중심으로 국가의 법-제도적 대응과 문제점을 비판적으로 분석 하고그노동정치적함의를살피고자한다. 주요연구대상은다음과같 다. 우선 중국 노동자의 집단적 파업 현상에 대한 분석이다. 둘째, 노동자 저항에 대한 국가의 여러 가지 법적 제도적 대응이다. 셋째, 노동관계의 법치화 측면에서 노동계약법과 단체협상제도에 대해 살펴본다. 논의를 정 리하면 아래와 같다. 첫째, 21세기 이래 노동자의 권익을 보장하려는 법 과제도의건설이꾸준히있었지만, 여전히많은법제도적결함이존재 하고 노동자들의 실질적인 이해와 요구를 대변하지 못하는 미흡한 수준에 그치고 있다. 둘째, 노사 분규를 바라보는 관점 상 국가나 경영자측은 노 사 관계를 갈등적인 다원주의적 관점(pluralist perspective)보다 노사 화합 을 중심하는 통합주의적(unitarist perspective) 관점에서 접근하는 것이 지배적이어서 결과적으로 노동자 권익 수호에 소극적이다. 셋째, 노동자 집단분규에서 국가의 경우 ‘노동자 권익 수호’(维权)보다 오히려 ‘사회의 안정유지’(维稳)에 치우치는 경향이 지배적이다. 넷째, 사회주의 체제 내 기층 노동조합의 역할에서 이중성과 모순은 그대로 유지될 수 밖에 없을 것으로 보인다. 그러므로 당-국가 체제의 성격상 ‘사회주의적 조합주의’ 틀에서 벗어나기 힘들 것으로 보인다. 다섯째, 집단 분규와 파업이 증가하 는 과정에서 기층 노조의 독립성과 대표성을 강화하자는 사회적 요구가 분출하고 있음에도 불구하고 중국 사회주의 체제의 성격 상 그러한 요구 는수용하기힘들다. 이것은사회주의체제하노동자국가의자기정체 성을 부정하는 것이 아닐 수 없다.
김재관,김영숙,이창희,서미영,장미경,구은정,박광희,윤미혜 한국식품위생안전성학회 2017 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.32 No.6
The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the safety of the grains, nut products, beans and oilseeds being sold in Gyeonggi province by analyzing mycotoxins. A multi-mycotoxins analysis method based on LC-MS/MS was validated and applied for the determination of eight mycotoxins, including aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 and G2), fumonisins (B1, B2), zearalenone and ochratoxcin A in 134 samples. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) for the eight mycotoxins ranged from 0.14 to 8.25 μg/kg and from 1.08 to 7.21 μg/kg, respectively. Recovery rates of mycotoxins were determined in the range of 61.1 to 97.5% with RSD of 1.0~14.5% (n=3). Fumonisin B1, B2, zearalenone, and ochratoxin A were detected in 22 samples, indicating that 27% of grains, 12.5% of beans and 11.8% of oilseeds were contaminated. Fumonisin and zearalenone were detected simultaneously in 2 adlays and 3 sorghums. Fumonisin B1 and B2 were detected simultaneously in most samples whereas fumonisin B1 was detected in 1 adlay, 1 millet and 1 sesame sample. The average detected amount of fumonisin was 49.3 μg/kg and 10.1 μg/kg for grains and oilseeds, respectively. The average detected amount of zearalenone was 1.9 μg/kg and 1.5 μg/kg for grains and beans, respectively. In addition, the average amount of ochratoxin A was 0.08 μg/kg for grains. The calculated exposure amounts of fumonisin, zeralenone and ochratoxin A for grains, beans and oilseeds were below the PMTDI/PTWI.
2016년 경주지진 스펙트럼과 한국표준설계스펙트럼의 비교
김재관,김정한,이진호,허태민 한국지진공학회 2017 한국지진공학회논문집 Vol.21 No.6
On September 12, 2016, Gyeongju earthquake occurred. Its local magnitude was announced to be ML=5.8 by Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Ground motion data recorded at KMA, EMC and KERC stations was obtained from their data bases. From the data, horizontal and vertical response spectra, and V/H ratio were calculated. The horizontal spectrum was defined as geometric mean spectrum, GMRotI50. From the statistical analysis of the geometric mean spectra, a mean plus one standard deviation spectrum in lognormal distribution is obtained. Regression analysis is performed on this curve to determine the shape of spectrum including transition periods. Applying the same procedure, the shape and transition periods of vertical spectrum was obtained. These results were compared with the Korean standard design spectra, which were developed from domestic and overseas intraplate earthquake records. The response spectra of Gyeongju earthquake were found to be almost identical with the newly proposed design spectra. Even the V/H ratios showed good agreement. These results confirmed that the method adopted when developing the standard design spectra were valid and the developed design spectra were reliable.