경도인지장애 및 초기 치매 노인에서 일상생활 수행능력의 관련 요인

김장래(Jang Rae Kim),길주현(Joo Hyun Kil),조아라(MA,Ara Cho),이동우(Dong Woo Lee),김민숙(Min Sook Kim),최영민(Young Min Choi) 대한노인정신의학회 2011 노인정신의학 Vol.15 No.2

Objectives:To identify the factors that are most significantly associated with the decline of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) status in subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and early dementia of primary degenerative cause. Methods: Medical records results of neuropsychological tests and Activities of Daily Living scale were retrospectively analyzed in 134 subjects meeting the diagnostic criteria of MCI or early dementia respectively. Demographic factors memory functions depressive symptoms and executive functions of the participants were also analyzed. Results:Correlations revealed that measures of executive functions were significantly associated with ADL status in participants with MCI while both memory and executive functions were significantly associated in early demented elderly. Stroop test which measures the ability of inhibition showed the closest relation to executive function. Depressive symptoms did not have a significant influence on ADL status. Conclusion:Among participants with MCI the early functional difficulties are associated mainly with executive function which enables inhibition in particular. In participants with early dementia on the contrary the ADL status was associated with both executive function and memory. Further studies on the symptom pattern and related neuropathology in process of dementia progression are needed for Quality of Life (QoL) in elderly population.

국유지관리 일원화의 영향분석

김장래(Kim, Jang-Rae),장희순(Jang, Hee-Soon) 한국주거환경학회 2015 주거환경(한국주거환경학회논문집) Vol.13 No.1

The policy and management of state-owned lands which have 24.6% of entire national territory has been changed after enactment of the State-Owned Properties Law in 1950. The government unified the management agency of state-owned lands because of inefficiency caused from break up of it. Based on this background, this study aims to analysis of effect of the unification of management agencies of state-owned lands after that. To do this, the precedent studies about the related theory, document, and more were used in this study. According to this study, a lot of state-owned lands are at unused and there is a shortage of management labor force in managing them. Besides a small scaled land has the largest group of state-owned lands. To resolve these problems, it needs to try many various methods. First, it needs to redefine state-owned lands which are classed as unused through more detail inspection completely. Second, it needs to research on the real condition of state-owned lands which are occupied without permission and we have to valuate them. Third, it needs to come up with effective measures to make a better use of small scaled state-owned lands through grouping, collecting, etc. It is very important how well we manage state-owned lands effectively. I hope that there will be a profound study about them.

프레임워크 가변부위 시험을 위한 객체 구조 패턴의 분류 및 추출 방법

김장래,전태웅,Kim, Jang-Rae,Jeon, Tae-Woong 한국정보과학회 2002 정보과학회논문지 : 소프트웨어 및 응용 Vol.29 No.7

객체지향 프레임워크는 개조, 합성이 용이한 클래스들로 분해될 수 있는 유연한 아키텍쳐를 제공함으로써 컴포넌트 기반의 효율적인 소프트웨어 개발을 지원한다. 프레임워크는 다수의 응용 소프트웨어의 개발에 반복적으로 재사용되므로 철저한 시험이 요구될 뿐만 아니라 재사용 시 확장된 프레임워크에 대해서도 추가적인 시험이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 테스트 대상이 실행 가능한 형태로 제공되어야 하는데 그 구성 가능한 형태가 극히 다양할 뿐만 아니라 재사용될 때의 모든 형태를 예측하여 테스트하는 것은 현실적으로 불가능하므로, 재사용될 때마다 재구성되는 객체들의 구성 가능한 형태들을 동일한 특성을 갖는 유한 개의 그룹들로 분류하고, 각 그룹에서 시험 대상 실행 환경을 선정하여 시험하면 효과적인 시험이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 재사용 시 다양한 형태의 객체 구조들로 개조, 확장될 수 있는 프레임워크의 가변부위 에 대해 객체 구성의 동일한 특성을 갖는 구조적 테스트 패턴들을 조직적으로 추출하는 방법과 각 패턴들로부터 시험 대상 객체 클러스터 즉, 테스트 대상 인스턴스를 선정하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 불필요한 테스트 케이스의 선정을 피하고, 테스트 대상 실행 환경의 체계적인 구축을 위해 사용될 수 있다. An object-oriented framework supports efficient component-based software development by providing a flexible architecture that can be decomposed into easily modifiable and composable classes. Object-oriented frameworks require thorough testing as they are intended to be reused repeatedly In developing numerous applications. Furthermore, additional testing is needed each time the framework is modified and extended for reuse. To test a framework, it must be instantiated into a complete, executable system. It is, however, practically impossible to test a framework exhaustively against all kinds of framework instantiations, as possible systems into which a framework can be configured are infinitely diverse. If we can classify possible configurations of a framework into a finite number of groups so that all configurations of a group have the same structural or behavioral characteristics, we can effectively cover all significant test cases for the framework testing by choosing a representative configuration from each group. This paper proposes a systematic method of classifying object structures of a framework hotspot and extracting structural test patterns from them. This paper also presents how we can select an instance of object structure from each extracted test pattern for use in the frameworks hotspot testing. This method is useful for selection of optimal test cases and systematic construction of executable test target.

나도승마(Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai) 생태정보 수집 및 서식지 평가

장래하 ( Jang Rae-ha ),김선령 ( Kim Sunryoung ),도재화 ( Tho Jae-hwa ),윤영준 ( Yoon Young-jun ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2023 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.26 No.6

This study was conducted to develop a habitat assessment system for the endangered wildlife II Kirengeshoma koreana Nakai through in-depth interviews with experts based on field surveys and environmental characteristics through spatial data analysis and literature research. Evaluation factors were selected based on the survey results of 31 variables for 23 K. koreana habitats. Afterwards, the importance and evaluation range for each assessment factor were selected. The selection of survey variables, assessment factors, importance of each factor and assessment range was conducted through in-depth interviews with experts at each stage. As a result, the assessment factors and importance were 16% for precipitation of the wettest month, 10% for vegetation zone, 12% for vegetation type, 10% for crown canopy vitality, 14% for tree layer coverage, 13% for drainage grade, 12% for soil depth, and 13% for distance to stream including dry stream. This study provides basic ecological information and a habitat assessment system for K. koreana habitats. Therefore, it can be used as primary data for preparing an endangered wildlife conservation policy, preparing a habitat improvement plan, and selecting an alternative habitat.

멸종위기 야생생물 I 급 털복주머니란 서식지 복원을 위한 서식지 적합성 지수(HSI) 개발

윤영준,김선령,장래하,한승현,이동진,심윤진,박용수,Yoon, Young-Jun,Kim, Sun-Ryoung,Jang, Rae-Ha,Han, Seung-Hyun,Lee, Dong-Jin,Shim, Yun-Jin,Park, Yong-Su 한국환경복원기술학회 2020 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.23 No.4

This study aimed to develop the HSI (Habitat Suitability Index) model of Cypripedium guttatum. and to verify this model by applying to the candidate sites for replacement habitat. The development of HSI and SI (Suitability Index) model was conducted based on the existing literature, field surveys, and expert opinions for information on ecological habitat characteristics. Seven variables were selected as habitat variables including mean maximum temperature in Jul.-Aug., lighting, slope, altitude, effective soil depth, soil texture, and artificial overexploitation (i.e. protected areas). HSI model was developed for C. guttaum based on these variables. This HSI model showed high applicability to selection and evaluation of replacement habitats for C. guttaum. Our findings could provide the basic information on habitat assessment to prevent the extinction of endangered C. guttatum. However, since there is a limitation that the survey data were insufficient, further field surveys should be conducted on several habitat types to improve the accuracy of the HSI model.

임신부 음주 폐해 예방을 위한 중재방안

김수연(Soo Yeon Kim),이소희(So Hee Lee),김장래(Jang Rae Kim),이미경(Mikyung Lee),김경범(Kyoung-Beom Kim),한정열(Jungyeol Han),백종우(Jong-Woo Paik),이수영(Su Young Lee),한창우(Chang Woo Han),이동우(Dong Woo Lee) 대한사회정신의학회 2020 사회정신의학 Vol.25 No.1

연구목적 : 이 연구는 델파이 기법을 이용하여 임신부 음주 폐해 예방을 위한 중재방안의 우선순위를 파악하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 정신건강의학, 소아청소년의학, 간호학, 산과학, 지역사회보건시설의 모자보건팀, 관련 부처 전문 공무원 등 임산부를 접하여 진료나 지원을 경험한 22명의 전문가 및 실무자들을 대상으로 하였다. 임산부 음주 현황파악, 인프라 구축, 지원방안 마련을 위하여 필요한 서비스, 접근법, 전문 인력에 대하여 중요도[효과성(Validity), 실행가능성(Feasibility), 시급성(Urgency)]에 대한 동의 정도에 대해 델파이 조사를 2회 실시하였다. 전문가들의 보고는 기술통계를 이용하여 분석하였으며 내용 타당도 비율(Content Validity Ratio, CVR)을 산출하여 검정하였다. 결 과 : 임신부 음주 현황 파악을 위한 방안으로는 ‘임신부 음주 현황에 관한 전국 규모 역학조사 수행’이 우선 순위인 것으로 나타났고, 임신부 음주 중재를 위한 인프라 구축 방안으로는 ‘임신부 음주 여부 평가 도구 확립’이 가장 시급한 것으로 나타났으며, 임신부 음주 중재를 위한 지원 방안에서 ‘대국민 홍보’ 방안이 가장 우선 순위의 과제인 것으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 이 연구 결과를 바탕으로 한 중재의 실천적 방안은 국민건강보험공단 빅데이터를 통해 임신부 음주 관련 현황을 간접적으로 추정하고, 임신부 음주 평가 도구 개발을 위해 미국 질병관리본부 등에서 이미 제시한 자료를 조사하여 적절한 기준에 따라 사용 지침을 마련하여, 사업의 내용과 시행 기관에 대한 적극적이고 공식적인 홍보를 하는 것이 필요할 것으로 보인다. Objectives : The purpose of the present research is to identify the priorities of interventions to prevent harmful uses of alcohol by pregnant women based on the Delphi technique. Methods : The subjects were 22 experts and practitioners engaged in providing pregnant women with a treatment and support. Two Delphi surveys were conducted to investigate the importance (Validity, feasibility, urgency) of services and approaches required to identify the status of pregnant women’s drinking, establishment of infrastructure and support plans. Reports were analyzed based on descriptive statistics and tested by using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Results : The results of the study noted that “Nation-wide epidemiological investigation” was ranked the highest to identify the status of pregnant women’s drinking. As the measures to establish the infrastructure required for intervention, “Establishment of evaluation tools to assess whether the pregnant women are drinking or not” was the most urgent. Regarding the support plans required for intervention, “public relations” had the highest priority. Conclusion : The practical plans for intervention based on the results of the present research include “Indirect assessment of pregnant women’s drinking status based on big data from the National Health Insurance Corporation”, “Preparation of guidelines and appropriate standards for the development of drinking evaluation tools for pregnant women by examining the data suggested by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control,” and “Active public relations regarding the contents of business and implementing agencies.

식물의 높이 및 피도를 활용한 생태적 모기 유충 제어방법

정진석 ( Jin Seok Jeong ),김만학 ( Man Hak Kim ),장래하 ( Rae Ha Jang ),유영한 ( Young Han You ) 한국환경생태학회 2014 한국환경생태학회 학술대회지 Vol.2014 No.2

모기의 유충인 장구벌레를 식물의 피도와 식물높이를 이용하여 효율적으로 줄일 수 있는 방법을 알아보았다. 자연상태와 유사한 인공수조 34개에서 식생 피도와 높이에 따른 장구벌레 개체수를 측정하였다. 피도가 30% 이하인 수조 13개에서 평균 2. 21마리로 매우 많았고, 피도가 30~60%인수조 10개에서는 평균 0. 6마리로 적게 관찰되었다. 70%이상인 수조 11개에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 피도가 0일 때 평균 15. 67마리로 가장 높은 개체수를 보였다. 식물 높이에 따른 장구벌레는 식물이 없거나 수면만 덮는 0. 1㎝에서 평균1. 43마리를 관찰했고, 식물 높이가 1㎝ 이상인 수조는 평균 0. 61마리로 장구벌레의 개체수가 매우 적었다.

공간자료를 활용한 멸종위기종 저어새(Platalea minor)의 적합 번식지 분석 연구

정진우 ( Jung Jin-woo ),김선령 ( Kim Sunryoung ),윤영준 ( Yoon Young-jun ),도재화 ( Tho Jae-hwa ),한영덕 ( Han Yeong-deok ),장래하 ( Jang Rae-ha ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2023 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.26 No.6

This study analyzed potential breeding sites for black-faced spoonbills on 70 non-breeding, uninhabited islands in Incheon, Korea, in order to suggest potential breeding sites for black-faced spoonbills, whose breeding population has recently been increasing. By comparing the environmental characteristics of breeding and non-breeding areas identified through a literature search, we developed a discriminant to identify potential breeding areas for black-faced spoonbills. Among a total of eight environmental variables(Island area, distance from land, distance to mudflat, distance to rice field, distance to sea route, depth of water, mudflat area, rice field area), the variables that influenced the selection of breeding sites for black-faced spoonbills were average water depth, tidal flat area, and paddy field area. As a result of discriminant analysis of breeding islands using these variables, the accuracy was found to be quite high at 80%. As a result of applying the developed discriminant to non-breeding islands located in the Incheon region, a total of 9 islands(Yongrando, Goseokdo, Beolyeom, Joreumseom, Goeriseom, Hambakdo, Moido, Bigajido, Ahyeom) were identified as potential breeding grounds for spoonbills. The research results can be used as basic data for future management of black-faced spoonbill breeding sites and selection of alternative habitats.

위계적 선형모형을 활용한 초등학교 교사학습공동체에 영향을 미치는 요인의 효과 분석

이윤식(Lee Yun Sik),김장래(Kim Jang Rae) 한국교원교육학회 2019 한국교원교육연구 Vol.36 No.1

이 연구는 초등학교 교내 교사학습공동체 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인들의 효과를 다층적으로 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 교사학습공동체에 영향을 미치는 선행 변인을 교사 수준 변인과 학교 수준 변인으로 구분하여 탐색하였다. 최종적으로 교사 수준 변인 11개, 학교 수준 변인 7개, 총 18개의 선행 변인을 선정하였으며, 통계 분석은 위계적 선형모형을 사용하였다. 이 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등학교 교내 교사학습공동체 수준은 학교 수준 변인들에 의해 약 78.8%가 설명되는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 교사 수준의 학력·긍정적 피드백 변인과 학교 수준의 교장의 리더십·의사결정 참여·교사 협력 변인, 총 5개의 변인이 초등학교 교내 교사학습공동체 수준에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 초등학교 교내 교사학습공동체 수준의 질적 제고를 위해서는 교사 수준 변인보다는 학교 수준 변인에, 학교 수준 변인 중에서도 학교 경영과정 변인에 중점을 둔 정책적 접근이 필요하다. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of factors affecting the level of elementary schools’ in-school professional learning community in a multi-layered way. In order to achieve the purpose, teacher related variables and school related variables were divided and searched for predicting variables that affect professional learning communities. The results of the search showed that the teacher related variables were composed of 11 variables and school related variables were composed of 7 variables. A total of 18 variables were selected as final variables affecting the level of elementary schools’ in-school professional learning community. The main results are as follows. First, about 78.8% of the level of elementary schools’ in-school professional learning community was explained by school related variables. Second, educational level and positive feedback of teacher related variables, and principals leadership, participating decision making, teacher cooperation of school related variables had influence on the level of elementary schools’ in-school professional learning community. Third, in order to improve the quality of elementary schools’ in-school professional learning communities, the Ministry of Education, the City Office of Education, the Regional Education Support Office, principals should do policy approach focusing on school management process variables.

청소년기의 외상 경험이 우울에 미치는 영향: 외상 후 증상의 매개 효과

권경은 ( Kyoung Eun Kwon ),정희 ( Hee Jung ),한우리 ( Woo Ri Han ),김장래 ( Jang Rae Kim ),이소희 ( So Hee Lee ) 한국정신병리진단분류학회 2020 精神病理學 Vol.24 No.1

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the effects of trauma on depression manifesting as post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among adolescents. Methods : Participants included 113 adolescent students living in Korea. For evaluation of psychiatric symptoms, participants were asked to complete self-reports; including the Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), the Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms (CROPS), and Lifetime Incidence of Traumatic Events-Child (LITE-C). Self-reports were completed twice including a baseline questionnaire (T1) and again six months later (T2). Results : The direct effect of trauma on T2 depression was not significant (B = 0.028, p = 0.903). The indirect effect of trauma on T2 depression was mediated by T2 PTSS [B = 0.414, CI = [0.019, 0.956]); (LITE-C(T1)→CROPS(T1): B = 0.794, p<0.05, LITE-C(T1)→CROPS(T2): B = 0.649, p<0.05, CROPS(T1)→CROPS(T2): B = 679, p<0.001, CROPS(T2) →CDI(T2): B = 0.638, p<0.001]. Conclusion : The results of this study show that an intervention to lower prolonged PTSS is required to prevent depression among adolescents.