대학생 관계증진을 위한 자기표현 훈련 프로그램 개발

김인옥(Kim in ok) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2019 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 대학생 관계증진을 위한 자기표현 훈련 프로그램을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 모집된 연구대상은 2017년 3월 충청남도 소재 A대학의 ‘교직과목을 수강하는 50명의 학생, B 대학의 상담을 신청하거나 상담 에 관심을 보인 40명의 학생, 전라북도 C 대학의 교양과목을 수강하는 62명의 학생이다. 모집된 학생을 대상으로 관계증진을 위한 자기표현 훈련 프로그램 필요성에 대한 요구조사와, 자기표현에서 겪는 어려움 파악을 위한 심층면담을 실시하였다. 요구조사와 심층면담 자료를 토대로 관계증진을 위한 자기표현 훈련 프로그램의의 목적과 내용, 구조와 형식, 진행방법을 구체화하기 위해 프로그램이 개발된다면 참여할 의사가 있다고 응답한 32명의 학생을 대상으로 첫째, 자기표현을 잘하는 사람 은 어떤 사람이라고 생각하는가? 둘째, 자기표현을 잘했던 경험은? 셋째, 자기표현을 잘하지 못했던 경험은? 넷째, 자기표현에서 배우고 싶은 기술은? 마지막으로 자기표현 프로그램 참여 후 기대하는 모습은? 과 관련된 질문으로 심층면담을 실시하 고, 그 내용을 분석하여 그 결과를 토대로 대학생 관계증진을 위한 자기표현 훈련 프로그램을 개발하였다. 자기표현 기술은 대인관계 기술을 향상시키고, 효과적으로 의사소통하며, 다루기 힘든 사람과 상황에 대처하도록 도움을 주어 스트레스를 제어하 도록 해준다. 이러한 측면에서 볼 때 대학생 관계증진을 위한 자기표현 훈련 프로그램은 필요하다고 할 수 있겠다. This study was designed to develop a self-expression training program for relationship improvement among university students. For achieving the study purpose, this study targeted 50 students. who attended a teaching profession course at A University in Choongcheongnam-do in March 2017, 40 students that applied for counseling or showed interested in counseling at B University, and 62 students attending a liberal arts course at C University in Jeonllabuk-do. In order to analyze the needs for a self-expression training program for relationship improvement and understand the difficulties in self-expression, an in-depth interview with the students was conducted. According to the needs analysis and the in-depth interview, 32 students responded to have an intention to participate in a self-expression training program, if it is developed. To give shape to the purpose, the contents, the structure, and the form of the program for relationship improvement, some questions were asked of the students in depth.: first, what type of person do you think expresses him or herself well?, second, do you have experience in expressing yourself well?, third, do you have experience in failing in self-expression?, fourth, which techniques do you want to learn from a self-expression training program?, and lastly, what do you expect after participating in a self-expression training program? Based on the results, a self-expression training program was developed for relationship improvement among university students. Self-expression techniques improve interpersonal relationship skills and control stress by helping to communicate effectively and deal with people and situations that are hard to control. In this respect, it is considered that a self-expression training program is required to improve relationships among university students.

생분해성 꽃게 통발의 어획 성능

김인옥 ( In Ok Kim ),이건호 ( Gun Ho Lee ) 한국어업기술학회 2014 수산해양기술연구 Vol.50 No.3

To investigate the catching efficiency of a biodegradable round trap for a swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus), four types of material (two types of biodegradable net, one type of biodegradable plus polyethylene net and one type of polyethylene net) for traps were used in the field test, and the field tests were carried out 11 times in the Boryeong fishing ground of Korea, 2012∼2013. The catching efficiency of four type traps was analyzed by catch per trap, weight per trap and mean weight per individual of small and large size swimming crab. Statistical Kruskal-Wallis test was carried out to verify the significant difference for the efficiency between types of material. The catch in number of swimming crab was 9,015 and formed about 94.3% of total catch. In the results of catching efficiency of traps, there was a little difference in catch per trap, weight per trap and mean weight per individual of swimming crab in-situ data. But there was no significant difference in catching efficiency between the biodegradable traps and the PE trap (P>0.05), so it`s needed to use widely a biodegradable trap for the conservation and sustainable management of swimming crab resources.

김종삼 시에 나타난 존재인식의 시적 효과 연구

김인옥 ( Kim In-ok ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2018 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.59

김종삼은 1950년대의 전통주의와 모더니즘, 1960년대의 순수시와 참여시로 양분된 시단의 경향으로부터 일정한 거리를 지키며 김종삼만의 독특한 시세계를 구축하였다. 30여 년의 시력에도 불구하고 김종삼의 내면 인식과 그 시세계는 큰 변화를 찾기 어렵다. 따라서 김종삼 시 전반에 나타난 시인의 존재인식을 파악하는 일은 김종삼 시세계를 밝히는 일이 된다. 이에 본고에서는 김종삼 시에 나타난 존재인식의 시적 효과를 두 가지 측면에서 살펴보았다. 먼저, 시적 표현 방식의 양상을 기존의 은유와는 달리 의미 변용된 표현으로서의 묘사적 효과를 분석한 뒤, 반복적 구조 변주와 환언을 통한 서술적 효과를 분석하여 그에 따른 시적 효과를 파악하였다. 김종삼에게 있어 존재론적 은유의 사용은 창작에 구체성을 부여하여 관념적인 내면의 대상을 삶 속으로 끌어들여 새로운 의미를 만들어 내는 창조적 글쓰기로 실현되었다. 자신의 개인적 경험인 과거 회상을 이야기로 풀어내는 김종삼 시의 서술적 성향은 하나의 구조로 반복되거나 환언되고 있다. 이는 문장의 리듬감을 살려 음악성을 강화하고 시의 표층적 도상성을 부여하여 회화성을 드러내며, 의도적으로 반복되는 어휘는 정보성을 높여 시인의 내면을 객관적으로 표면화하여 시적 메시지를 강조하는 동시에 시인의 존재인식을 확고하게 드높이는 효과를 자아낸다. 김종삼 시에 나타난 존재론적 은유를 살피는 일은 시적 비유의 기능과 문학적 역할을 파악하고 텍스트 전체의 유기성을 살피는 일이 되었다. 나아가 내적 의미를 독자적 표현을 통해 표면화 해낸 기법상의 특성 분석을 통해 김종삼만의 실험적 시세계를 확인할 수 있었다. Kim Jong-sam implemented the poetic world peculiar to Kim Jong-sam while keeping a certain distance from the tendency of poetical circles with a division into two of traditionalism and modernism in the 1950s and of pure poetry and participation poetry in the 1960s. Despite the poetic history for about 30 years, a big change is difficult to be found in Ki m Jong-sam's internal awareness and poetic world. Accordingly, graspin g the poet's existence cognition, which appeared in Kim Jong-sam'swh ole poetry, comes to be what clarifies Kim Jong-sam's poetic world. Hence, this study examined a poetic effect of existence cognition, which was indicated in Kim Jong-sam's poetry, in two aspects. First of all, the aspect of a poetic expression method was understood a poetic effect according to it after analyzing a depictive effect as the expression with the meaning alteration unlike the existing metaphor, and then analyzing a descriptive effect through the repetitive structural variation and paraphrase. As for Kim Jong-sam, the use of ontological metaphor was realize d as the creative writing, which makes a new meaning through giving concreteness to creation and then drawing the ideological inner object into life. The descriptive tendency in Kim Jong-sam's poetry, which talks about retrospection as own individual experience, in addition to short poetry, is being recurred or paraphrased as one structure. In terms of this, reviving a rhythmic sense of a sentence leads to strengthening musicality. Assigning outer iconicity leads to revealing pictoriality. The recurred vocabulary increases information, leads to emphasizing a poetic message through objectively externalizing a poet's inner side, and simultaneously evokes an impact of firmly raising the poet's existence cognition. Figuring out ontological metaphor, which was shown in Kim Jong-sa m's poetry, came to be what grasps a function and a literary role in po etic simile and what figures out the organic in the whole text. Moreover, Kim Jong-sam's unique experimental poetic world could be confirmed through analyzing a characteristic in light of technique, which externaliz ed the inner meaning through an independent representation.

김지하 시『애린』에 나타난 "심우도"의 상징과 변용

김인옥 ( In Ok Kim ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2012 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.37

1986년에 발간된 두 권의 시집『애린』에서 김지하는 현실에 없는 ``애린``을 찾아나서는 과정을 보여주었다. ``애린``을 찾아 헤매는 과정은 자아를 회복하고 생명 가치를 재인식하여 소실된 생명을 소생시키는 과정을 의미한다. 그 과정이 선가에서 자기 본래 진면목을 찾아나서는 과정을 노래한 ``심우송(尋牛頌)``의 구조를 닮아있다는 점에서 생명의 근원, 생명의 실상과 관련된다. ``애린 찾기의 과정``은 파괴되고 잃어버린 본성을 회복하고 생명을 탐구하는 과정을, ``잃어버린 소를 찾아다니는 과정``은 본성을 찾아 수행하는 단계로 상징적으로 비유된다. 특히『애린』둘째 권에서는「소를 논함」이라는 큰 제목 하에 ``심우도``의 제3도「소를 보다」에서부터 제10도「저자에 들어가 손을 내리다」까지의 노래를 발제하여 부제로 사용하였다. 김지하는 ``심우도``의 불교적 사유를 있는 그대로 수용하기를 거부하고 ``심우도``의 상징적 의미와 일정한 거리를 유지하며 ``참된 나``에 대해 언술하였다. 이때 시어 ``애린``은 작품 속에 전혀 등장하지 않고, ``심우도``는 패러디 텍스트로 전경화 되어 시인의 사유만이 역설적으로 드러난다. 본고는 ``심우도``의 사유를 변형한 구조원리로써 작품『애린』의 패러디 규명과정을 분석하였다. 종교적 사유에서 인간 본연의 현실적 사유로 전환된 문학적 관점으로서의 의의를 찾고, 창조와 모방이라는 본질적 문제를 재성찰하였다. 과거 저항의지로 세계와의 치열한 대결을 펼치면서 훼손된 자아를 김지하는 본성을 찾아가는 열 단계의 과정을 통해 치유·회복하였다. 둥글고 밝은 조화로운 자아의 본성회복과 이를 통한 생명소생의 과정 중 시인의 시선은 세계에서 자아로 침잠하며 변화하였다. 또한 이런 과정 없이 다시는 세계로 나아갈 수 없음을 ``심우도``와의 관계를 통하여 표현해 내었다. 문학을 재현하는 현실모방적 측면에만 머문 것이 아니라, 나아가 어떻게 구현할 것인가에 무게를 두고 문학을 정의한 것이다. Kim Ji-ha showed the process of setting out in search of ``Aerin,`` which doesn`t exist in reality, in two volumes of the poem collection, which were published in 1986. The process of scouting around for ``Aerin`` implies the one of resuscitating the lost life by recovering ego and recognizing life value. In a sense that the process resembles the structure of ``Simusong(尋牛頌)`` that the Zen sect sang the process of setting out in search of own originally true character, it is related to the origin of life and to the actual condition of life. ``The process of searching for Aerin`` symbolically compares the process of recovering the real character, which was lost, and of exploring life. ``The process of scouting around for cow`` symbolically compares the stage of performing by searching for the real character. Kim Ji-ha minutely mentioned a thought with poem while maintaining the certain distance from symbolical meaning in ``Simudo(尋牛圖)`` with rejecting what literally accepts the Buddhist reason. This study sought for significance as the literary perspective, which was changed from the religious reason to the realistic reason in a natural human being, and reflected again on essential problem called creation and imitation, through the process of closely examining parody, which appeared in a work『Aerin』, as the structural principle that modified the reason of ``Simudo(尋牛圖).`` Kim Ji-ha cured and recovered ego, which was damaged with having the fierce fight with the world, with the intention of resistance in the past through the process in 10 stages of proceeding with searching for the real character. Out of the process in reviving life for recovering the real character of harmonious self, a sight was changed with withdrawing into ego from the world. And what cannot advance to the world again without this process was expressed through relationship with ``Simudo(尋牛圖).`` It is what defined literature with putting weight further on how it will be implemented, not what remains only in the aspect of imitating reality, which revives literature.

자유주제 : 송찬호 시에 나타난 시적 인식의 방향성 연구 - 시집 『붉은 눈, 동백』을 중심으로 -

김인옥 ( In Ok Kim ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2013 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.41

송찬호의 세 번째 시집에 해당하는 『붉은 눈, 동백』은 이전에 발간된 두 권의 시집 『흙은 사각형의 기억을 갖고 있다』와 『10년 동안의 빈 의자』의 특징을 지니고 있는 동시에 이를 초월한다. 그 이유는 『붉은 눈, 동백』 시편에서 시인 송찬호가 보여주는 언어적 자의식과 시의 본질에 관한 집요한 사유가 그의 시적 내력에서 스스로 한계를 넘어서는 새로운 변화의 계기를 만들었기 때문이다. 이러한 시와 언어, 존재와 세계에 대한 일관된 탐색은 네 번째 시집 『고양이가 돌아오는 저녁』에 이르기까지 지속된다. 현실 세계의 한계, 고통, 즉 죽음에 대한 인식에서 시인 송찬호의 시쓰기는 시작되었다. ‘존재의 탐구’라는 형이상학 시론과 ‘언어의 감옥’이라는 형식주의 미학 사이에서 상호 모순된 충동들의 조화가 시도된 『붉은 눈, 동백』의 분석은 송찬호의 시적 향방을 구체화할 수 있는 계기가 될 수 있다. 『붉은 눈, 동백』은 앞선 두 시집에 나타난 ‘존재의 구체성’과 ‘의미의 중심 해체’를 현실과 직결시키고 있는 동시에 스스로의 한계를 넘어서는 새로운 ‘변화의 계기’를 만들어냄으로써, 이후 시집에서 성찰하고 있는 시적 언어의 경지에 대한 실마리를 제공하고 있다. 이는 『붉은 눈, 동백』에서의 ‘동백’과 ‘산경’의 이미지가 시인의 의식세계를 드러내는 암시적이고도 다의적인 의미를 내포하는 기호로서 기능하여 ‘이상향으로서의 낙원’과 현실적 삶의 부정하는 ‘미학적 이상주의’를 구체화한 결과일 것이다. 『붉은 눈, 동백』은 송찬호 시 전반의 의미를 포괄하는 동시에 시적 방향성을 구체화하여 드러내는 교량적인 역할을 해내었다. 따라서 본 연구는 시집 『붉은 눈, 동백』을 중심으로 시적 대상에 대한 시인의 인식과 개념화 과정 분석을 통하여 시적 인식의 순간을 맞이하여 상상력을 개입시켜 자신의 시세계를 구축하고 있는 송찬호 시인의 시적 방향성을 추적하는데 의의를 갖는다. Red Eye, Camellia』, which corresponds to Song Chan-ho`s third poetry collection, transcends this simultaneously with having the characteristic of 『Soil Has Memory of Quadrangle』and 『Empty Chair During 10 Years』, which are two volumes of poetry collections that were published previously. The reason is because the obstinate thinking about verbal consciousness and poetic essence that a poet Song Chan-ho shows in the poetic pieces of 『Red Eye, Camellia』made an opportunity of a new change beyond own limit in his poetic history. This consistent search for poem & language and existence & world is continued until the fourth poetry collection titled 『Evening that a Cat Returns』. Song Chan-ho`s writing a poem was begun from the recognition on the limitation of the real world, agony, namely, death. An analysis of 『Red Eye, Camellia』, which was attempted the harmony of inter-contradiction collisions between the essay on metaphysics dubbed ``search for existence`` and the aesthetic formalism dubbed ``prison of language`` can become an opportunity available for materializing Song Chan-ho`s poetic direction. 『Red Eye, Camellia』connects ‘concreteness of existence’ and ‘central deconstruction of a meaning,’ which were shown in the above two poetry collections, directly with reality, and simultaneously makes ``opportunity of a new change`` of getting over own limit, thereby offering a clue on a state of poetic language that is being reflected in the poetry collection after this. This will be the outcome that the image of ``camellia`` and ``mountain scenery`` in 『Red Eye, Camellia』functioned as a symbol of including implicit and ambiguous meaning of revealing a poet`s consciousness, thereby having materialized ``aesthetic idealism`` of denying paradise and realistic life as ``ideal world.``『Red Eye, Camellia』played a bridging role in materializing and revealing poetic directivity as well as comprehending a meaning of the whole in Song Chan-ho`s poems. Accordingly, this study has significance in tracing the poetic directivity in a poet Song Chan-ho who is implementing own poetic world by making imagination intervene with facing the moment of poetic recognition, through analyzing the process of a poet`s recognition and conceptualization on poetic subject focusing on the poetry collection 『Red Eye, Camellia』.

그물실 종류에 따른 서해안 문치가자미 자망의 어획성능

김인옥 ( In Ok Kim ),박창두 ( Chang Doo Park ),조삼광 ( Sam Kwang Cho ),김현영 ( Hyun Young Kim ),차봉진 ( Bong Jin Cha ) 한국어업기술학회 2011 수산해양기술연구 Vol.47 No.4

Field tests were carried out with five different mesh sizes (86.6, 101.0, 121.2, 137.7, 151.5mm) to study the relative efficiency of monofilament and multifilament gill net for Marbled sole, Pleuronectes yokohamae, in the western sea of Korea, 2007-2009. The relative efficiency was analyzed by length distribution, catch in number, catch in weight and weight per individual for Marbled sole. Statistical T-test was done to verify the efficiency between two gears. In the field tests, the total body length range, catch in number and weight of Marbled sole was 15.8-48.2cm, 728 and 254,939g, respectively. During the field tests, Marbled sole less than 15cm length which is prohibition size of fishing was not caught, but the caught number of Marbled sole less than 19.5cm length which is first maturity length was 13 (1.8%) and the caught number of Marbled sole more than 19.5cm was 715 (98.2%). Catches of monofilament gill net was average 1.4 times more efficient than multifilament gill net. The weight per individual and total length by mesh sizes in the two gears tended to gradually increase according to mesh size increasing. But there was little difference of weight per individual and total length by mesh sizes between two gears.

초등학교 아동들의 학년별/지역별 영어 학습 동기 분석

김인옥(Kim, In-Ok) 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2009 영어교육연구 Vol.21 No.2

This study intended to investigate primary school students’ English learning motivation and its predictors in regard to their grade levels and the regions where they live. The research drew upon the constructs of motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic components) in order to examine students’ motivational intensity and its predicting factors and to test whether or not the results are different by grades and regions. For these purposes, students (N=874) from grade 3 to 6 were surveyed on English learning motivation. These students were from four different primary schools in three separate regions (a large city, a medium city, and a small town). Data collected were subject to chi-square test and multiple regression analyses. In the results, lower grade students revealed greater motivational intensity than that of upper grade students in all three regions. In the regression analysis, intrinsic components such as interest in English and self-confidence were generally found to be more powerful influences on motivational intensity than external components in every region and grade. However, upper grade students and students in a larger city were found to be more sensitive to extrinsic components such as integration, goal achievement, and instrumental orientation. In the answers to an open-ended question, the response “English is getting harder year by year” was found to be the most demotivating factor for English studying. Teaching implications were discussed based on the findings.

자망에 의한 홍어의 망목선택성

김인옥 ( In Ok Kim ),이건호 ( Gun Ho Lee ),손병규 ( Byung Kyu Sohn ) 한국어업기술학회 2013 수산해양기술연구 Vol.49 No.4

To estimate the mesh selectivity of gillnet for ocellate spot skate(Okamejei kenojei), the field tests were carried out 12 times with six different mesh sizes(121.2mm, 137.7mm, 151.5mm, 168.3mm, 178.2mm, 189.4mm) in the coastal waters of Taean, Chungcheongnamdo of Korea, 2010~2011. In the field tests, the total number of species was 31, and that of catch was 1,410 and the total weight was 618,006g. The number and weight of ocellate spot skate which is main target in this study were 1,004 and 434,592g, respectively. The catch in number of ocellate spot skate occupied about 71.2% in total catch. The others of catch species were marbled sole(8.4%), sea raven(4.4%), japanese swimming crab(4.2%) and flatfish(4.1%) and so on. The range of body disk width(DW) of ocellate spot skates which were caught in this study was 15.2-35cm and the mode was 27~29cm. The estimation equation of mesh selectivity using the extended Kitahara``s method was expressed as . The optimum value of DW/m for 1.0 of retention probability in this estimation equation was estimated 1.899 and DW/m was estimated to be 1.194, 1.314, 1.395, 1.461 and 1.520 when the retention probability were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5, respectively. When applied to the retention probability of 0.5, the optimum mesh size was estimated to be 177.0mm on first maturity disk width 26.9cm of ocellate spot skate.

김구용 시에 나타난 생명에 관한 상상력

김인옥 ( In Ok Kim ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2016 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.49

김구용의 시에는 시인이 일관되게 추구하는 시창작에 대한 이상적자아와 이상적 현실에 대한 지향점이 드러난다. 시인은 문학관에 적합한 현실인식의 반영을 위하여 관념적 이데올로기를 극복하는 방법으로 순수자아에 대한 동경을 시적 실험을 통해 휴머니티로 여과시키고자 했기 때문이다. 김구용은 서정적 정형성에서 출발하여 산문시로 이행하면서 점차 현실과 관련된 비극적 인식을 심화하여 다양한 층위의 언어로 재생산해내었다. 특히『시(詩)』에서는 해방이후 과도기적 불가해한 현실을 살아가는 시인의 고뇌가 어둠을 바탕에 둔 비극적 정서로 구체화 되고 있다. 시적 인식은 사회의 혼란상과 함께 실존 및 기아의 문제 등 정신적공복감에 치중되어 있으며, 이때 물신과 정신은 이원화되어 극명하게 대비된다. 비극적 현실에서 이상적 현실에 도달하고픈 시인의 욕망은 무기력한 현재적 자아와 동경의 자아로 분리되는 시적 화자의 변용 등 낯선 방식으로 독자에게 전달된다. 이는 재생과 초월이라는 생명에 관한 상상력을 통해 역사적 현실체험 끝에 이상적 자아와 세계가 통합하기를 강하게 드러내는 시인의 발로인 것이다. In Kim Gu-yong``s poetry, an orientation is revealed on the ideal ego and the perfect reality for the poetry composition that is pursued consistently by a poet. That is because the poet aimed to filter a yearning for the pure self as humanity through poetic experiment using a method of overcoming the abstract ideology in order to reflect the recognition of reality that is proper for a view of literature. Kim Gu-yong reproduced it as a language in diverse layers by gradually deepening tragic cognition related to reality while implementing it as a prose poem beginning from the lyrical typicality. Especially in 『Poetry(詩)』, an agony of the poet, who proceeds with living in the transitionally inexplainable reality following liberation, is being specified as tragic emotion based on darkness. The poetic perception is biased to a mental feeling of hunger such as the issues of existence and starvation along with a social confusion state. At this time, a fetish and a spirit are separated to be obviously contrasted. A desire of the poet, who wants to reach the ideal reality in the tragic reality, is delivered to a reader with a strange method such as transformation in a poetic speaker that is separated into the feckless contemporary ego and the self in longing. This is the expression of the poet who strongly reveals a wish for which the ideal ego and the world will be integrated in the wake of experiencing historial reality through the imagination on life called regeneration and transcendence.

동아시아 전래동화 속에 나타난 여성 -콩쥐 팥쥐 유형을 중심으로-

김인옥 ( In Ok Kim ) 한국현대문예비평학회 2012 한국문예비평연구 Vol.- No.39

A traditional fairy tale is not one of mere stories but graphically reveals the culture, customs and life pattern of the age that it is written. So that makes it possible to grasp the values of contemporary people, which will serve, in turn, to have a good understanding of their culture. An attempt to read fairy tales from a new, multicultural perspective is expected to help liberate female characters from the world of written letters, especially female characters of Korean, Chinese, Vietnamese, Phillippine and Japanese traditional fairy tales who could all be called Cinderella in East Asia. Specifically, a Korean fairy tale Kongjwi and Patjwi could be said to represent East Asian traditional fairy tales in terms of female characters and their relationship. This fairy tale reveals a hidden and distorted femininity, and it served as an opportunity for the stepmother, Kongjwi and Patjwi to be reborn as new postmodern women when a matter of gender in traditional fairy tales became an issue. The fairy tale shows that a woman is able to become worthwhile ecologically only when she restores her essential value of maternity and life and doesn`t give up her femininity. As for the appearance and spread of the female character types of Kongjwi and Patjwi, they appeared in East Asia both before and after the printing technique was introduced in the West. So it became worth doing to orally hand down the fairy tale, and that has continued to be passed down from generation to generation since early modern times. And now it`s time to see East Asian fairy tales in a new light, from a postmodern perspective. Fairy tales will be able to regain their characteristics as oral literature when they no longer have to remain as printed texts, and it will be possible to reconstruct fairy tales in the form of storytelling to read them in a new light when they are produced as hypertexts, which are one of postmodern vehicles to convey information.