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회전원판법에서의 부착생물막 및 박리오니의 증식 , 분해 특성
김응호 대한상하수도학회 1987 상하수도학회지 Vol.1 No.-
There is little information to describe the characteristics of sludge production in a fixed-film biological waste treatment system. The primary objective of this study is to determine experimenatally the observed yield Y_(0b), true yield Y, and sludge decreasing rate constant k_d in RBC system. Single-stage RBC unit was used for organic removal and two-stage unit for both organic removal and nitrification. Sludge production in RBC was highly fluctuated even though treatment efficiency was under steady state. Therefore, continuous and long-term (more than 1 or 2 weeks at least) measure was essential for accurate determination of Y_(0b), Y, and k_d. From single-stage experiments, Y_(0b) and Y based on COD was determined as 0.27 to 0.47 and 0.55, respectively, and k_d as 0.05 to 0.12d^(-1). From two-stage ones, Y_(0b) based on COD was also determined as 0.21 to 0.28, and this was evaluated as 40 to 50% of the Y_(0b) in activated sludge process.
김응호,조진규,이기석 대한상하수도학회 2000 상하수도학회지 Vol.14 No.4
This study is conducted in order to find more improved solidifying effects than the former converter slag solidification technology. The converter slag is used as a solidifying agent, and the quick lime and the gypsum are used as solidifying aids. Several tests are performed for the purpose of investigating the solidifying effects and the applicability of the solidified sludge as a daily or intermediate landfill cover. The unconfined uniaxial compressive strength, pH and leaching of heavy metal are investigate. In the case of using both quick lime and gypsum as solidifying aids, the compressive strength of specimen has significantly increased that of specimen which used quick lime only. The compressive strength of each specimen cured for 7days which is mixed with quick lime and gypsum as mixing ratios 7:1, 5:1 and 3:1 are 0.59㎏/㎠, 1.18 ㎏/㎠, and 1.25㎏/㎠, respectively. The results of all the leaching tests of specimen cured for 7 days show that the concentrations of leachate heavy metals(Cu, Pb, Cd and Cr^6+) are lower than the Korea toxic waste criteria. The microstructure analysis by SEM shows that needlelike crystals appear as the solidification proceed. The analysis of these crystals by EDS confirms that these main components are Ca, Si etc. Also, XRD analysis shows that the main solidification products are CSH and Ettringite; in addition, Ca(OH)_2, CAH are observed. When the added gypsum is used as a solidifying aid, more improved solidifying effects are obtained and the solidified sludge may be appropriately used as a daily or intermediate landfill cover.
UO$_2$(NO$_3$)$_2$ 용액으로부터 Ammonium Uranyl Carbonate 제조
김응호,김형수,이규암,유재형,최청송 한국세라믹학회 1998 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.35 No.6
Studies of preparation condition and characteristics of AUC(ammonium uranyl carbonate) were carried out to optimize AUC process with different reactor sizes and precipitation methos. As results four types of precipitates with different chemical compositions and morphologies were obtained from the reaction of {{{{ {(NH }_{4 }) { }_{2 } {CO }_{3 } }} with {{{{ {UO }_{2 }( {NO }_{3 }) { }_{2 } }} solution. A phase diagram has been made and crystal structure and chemical composition of each phase have been characterized by using SEM X-ray IR and thermal analysis. It was found that ammonium uranyl carbonate {{{{ {(NH }_{4 }) { }_{4 } {UO }_{2 } {(CO }_{3 }) { }_{3 } }} with monoclinic crystal morphology could be syn-thesized when the mole ratio of in {{{{ {(NH }_{4 }) { }_{2 } {CO }_{3 }/ {UO }_{2 } {(NO }_{3 }) { }_{2 } }} in the solution was higher than 5 Also a mechanism and a precipitating condition on rounding of the AUC particle were examined in the course of the AUC pre-cipitation. The rounding of the AUC particle was possible only by external circulation using pump not by internal circulation using agitator.
AUC 침전조건이 둥근 AUC 입자 제조에 미치는 영향
김응호,정원명,박진호,유재형,최청송 한국결정성장학회 1998 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.8 No.3
AUC 침전과정중 AUC 입차를 둥글게 제조하는 조건과 기구를 조사하였다. 둥근 AUC 제조는 교반기를 이용한 내부순환 시는 불가능했으나 펌프를 사용한 외부순환 시는 가능했다. 둥근 AUC 제조속도($dn_p$/dt)는 침전조건인 슬러리 밀도($M_t:U/l)$, 슬러리 회전율($T_o$:turn-over ratio), 임펠러 속도(U:Impelle tip velocity)에 비례하여 관계식을 $ dn_p/dt{\propto}M_t{\cdot}T_o{\cdot}U^2$로 표기할 수 있었으며, 이 속도식은 실험결과와 정성적으로 일치하였다. 그리고 두 개의 둥근 AUC 제조 기구가 제시되었는데, 하나는 균일형성기구이고 다른 하나는 etch-pit 형성기구이다. 전자는 AUC 침전과정에서 초기에 발생되고 후자는 침전과정 말기에 발생되는 것으로 확인되었다. Mechanisms and conditions for rounding of AUC particles were examined during AUC precipitation. Rounding of AUC particle was possible only by external circulation using pump, not by internal circulation using agitator. The rate of AUC rounding $(dn_p/dt)$ was proporational to operation conditions such as magma density $(M_t:g-U/{\iota}l)$, turn over ratio $(T_o)$ and impeller tip velocity of pump (U); $ dn_p/dt{\propto}M_t{\cdot}T_o{\cdot}U^2$. The validity of this relationship was qualitatively confirmed by comparing the expermental results. Two rounding mechanisms were suggested. One is crack formation mechanism and the other etch-pit formation mechanism on the surface of AUC particle. It was found that the crack formation is more dominant at the initial stage and the etch-pit formation at the final stage of the AUC precipitation.