GST 추출물의 Sprague-Dawley Rat를 이용한 13주 반복 경구투여 독성시험 및 4주 회복시험

김윤하,김준영,한종민,이혜영,정인철,진미림,김승형,박양춘,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Kim, Jun-Young,Han, Jong-Min,Lee, Hye-Yeong,Jung, In-Chul,Jin, Mi-Rim,Kim, Seong-Hyeong,Park, Yang-Chun 대한한방내과학회 2014 대한한방내과학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Objectives: To provide information on the safety of GST (GamiSasangja-tang; CnidiiFructus, Sophora Root, Angelica Gigas Root, Clematidis Radix, Stemonae Radix, Spirodelae Herba), we carried out a 13-week repeated oral dose toxicity and a 4-week recovery test of GST in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Female and male rats were treated with GST at oral doses of 1,250, 2,500, and 5000 mg/kg. The GST was administered for 13 weeks. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights and histological markers were monitored during the study period. The rats were then monitored for 4 extra weeks to determine recovery time after the study period. Results: We found no mortality or abnormalities among clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmologic findings, urinalysis, hematological and biochemical parameters, gross findings, organ weights or histological markers in any of the rats tested. Conclusions: The no-observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) is considered as over 5000 mg/kg for male and female rats.

2013-2014년 한국주변해역 수온과 살오징어 유생분포

김윤하,이충일,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Lee, Chung Il 해양환경안전학회 2016 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Field observation for oceanic conditions and paralarvae of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus in Korean waters were sampled with the Bongo net (diameter: 60 cm, mesh size: $333{\mu}m$) by using oblique tow method with the oceanographic research vessel (Tamgu 12 and Tamgu 20) around Korean waters (middle of the Yellow Sea, northern part of the East China Sea, East Sea) in 2013 and 2014 was carried out. The observation in the Yellow Sea and the northern part of the East China Sea was done in August, 2013 and in the East Sea it was repeated at seven times from June, 2013 to September, 2014. The paralarvae in August of 2013 was not found in the Yellow Sea and one paralarvae was found in the northern part of the East China Sea. In the East Sea, 39 paralarvae during whole observation period were found, mantle length of paralarvae was from 1.7 to 13.5 mm. Surface water temperature in the Yellow Sea was $30^{\circ}C$, and cold water mass lower than $10^{\circ}C$ was occupied in the deep layer than 30 m. In the northern part of the East China Sea, surface water temperature was $31^{\circ}C$, and higher water temperature above $20^{\circ}C$ was found in deeper than 50 m. In the East Sea, optimum temperature for survival, $15-24^{\circ}C$, was existed shallower than 75 m.

1980-1990년대 동해에서 해구별 오징어(Todarodes pacificus) 어획량과 해양환경의 관계

김윤하,문창호,최광호,이충일,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Moon, Chang-Ho,Choi, Kwang-Ho,Lee, Chung-Il 해양환경안전학회 2010 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Data on squid catches by the Korean jig fishery in sea blocks ($30'{\times}30'$), water temperatures at depth(30m, 50m and 100m) and zooplankton biomass in the East Sea from 1980 to 1999 were analyzed to examine the mechanism of formation of the high density stock area. Japanese common squid (Todarodes pacificus) catch in the East Sea was low in 1980s, while the catch was high in 1990s. The five sea blocks (No. 76, 82, 83, 87, 88) of the southern part in the eastern coastal waters of Korea showed high levels of percentage of total catch (35.1%), whereas the four sea blocks (No. 65, 71, 72, 78) of the coastal waters of Uleung Island showed high levels of percentage of CPUE (61.2%) for 20 years. Squid catches showed monthly fluctuations according to the vertical distribution of optimum water temperature for fishing ($14^{\circ}C{\sim}19^{\circ}C$). High total catch and high CPUE area matched well with $10^{\circ}C$ isothermal lines at 100m depth indicating northern limiting of Tsushima Warm Current, and temporal and spatial change in $10^{\circ}C$ isothermal line caused the change in total catch and CPUE. Horizontal distribution of zooplankton biomass by sea block was not matched well with those of total catch and CPUE, however pattern of time-series change in total zooplankton biomass was similar to that in total squid catch.

여름철 동안 야간 고온이 스프레이국화 '유로(Euro)'의 개화시기에 미치는 영향

김윤하,이인중,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Lee, In-Jung 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2013 慶北大農學誌 Vol.31 No.1

This study identified the effect of night time temperatures on the flowering period of spray-chrysanthemum during the summer season in South Korea. According to the results for 2005, the temperature at night time sustained more than $25^{\circ}C$ for 23.6 days during the short day period and delayed the flowering period for 22 days. Similar observations were reported in 2006, as the night time temperature sustained more than $25^{\circ}C$ for 23.6 days during the short day period and delayed flowering period for 23 days. The results for 2007 year showed that night time temperature sustained more than $25^{\circ}C$ for 31.9 days during the same period and delayed flowering for 31 days. In conclusion, based on the results for 2005 to 2007, a specific correlation was found between high night time temperatures and a delayed flowering period for the 'Euro' spray-chrysanthemum.

동해와 서해의 살오징어(Todarodes pacificus) 회유 및 분포에 관한 고찰

김윤하,정해근,오승용,김현우,이충일,Kim, Yoon Ha,Jung, Hae Kun,Oh, Sung-Yong,Kim, Hyun Woo,Lee, Chung Il 한국해양생명과학회 2019 한국해양생명과학회지 Vol.4 No.1

This review paper discussed the decadal fluctuations in the catch of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus (T. pacificus) by focusing on migration and distribution patterns. Since 1980s, changes in T. pacificus catches were due to climate regime shift in Korean waters. Fluctuation patterns of catches were different between the East Sea and the Yellow Sea. Generally PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) phase shows a negative correlation with strength of warm current to the East Sea. In 1980s when PDO was positive phase (+), T. pacificus catch was higher in the Yellow, but it was lower in the East Sea. In 1990s when PDO was negative phase (-), T. pacificus catch showed opposite trend compared with 1980s. Such spatial and decadal fluctuations of T. pacificus catch were due to its northward migration along with the warm current or southward movement against the current. In the East Sea, strong (weak) warm current period, the current path has been shifted toward the East Sea coast of Korea (central East Sea or the coast of Japan). It has a correlation with PDO. In the positive PDO phase (1980s), the fishing ground was located on the eastern side of Ulleungdo, whereas during negative PDO phase (1990s), they were situated near the southeastern coast of the Korean peninsula. In the 1980s, volume transport passing into the Yellow Sea increased, whereas volume transport in the East Sea decreased. This is one of major reason increasing T. pacificus larvae in the Yellow Sea.

신라 왕경숲 조성에 있어서 주요 수종 선정에 관한 연구

김윤하,Kim Yoon-Ha 한국조경학회 2004 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.32 No.5

This research is basic research about 「the afforestation project of the Shilla Dynasty's capital forest」 which is controlled by the research institute of forest and environment of Kyungbuk province. The results of the investigation about target places and selection of major species of trees is as follows. 1. In the Shilla Dynasty's times, the peach tree was the indicator of unusual changes in weather, and was also the symbol of unsurpassed beauty. Peach trees were so prevalent that people called the forest peach-hill or peach-forest. Therefore, the main tree of Shilla Dynasty's capital forest would have to be a peach tree. 2. From several records, pine and bamboo were planted or grown together. The pattern of planting trees like this case is also historic, so should be utilized positively. 3. In order to afforest the capital forest, the bamboos have to be planted on Nam-mountain in Kyung-ju, and maple trees have to be planted on Kumgang mountain. 4. There were many big trees during the Shilla Dynasty, and the name of one of the Six Main Villages was 'Big Tree Village'. Therefore, big and long-lived trees have to be planted also. 5. The willow tree has to be considered for afforesting the capital forest even though the willow trees are misunderstood to cause allergies. They are traditional landscape architecture trees. In the traditional literature, the willow tree stands for good news. 6. Japanese cornellian cherry(Cornus officinalis), which is related with old narrative literature in the era of King Kyungmun, has to be planted for the forest, and has to be considered to be an educational tree. 7. Korean Rhododendron, which is related with Madam Suro's story, has to be planted in stone gardens.8. Lotus, Korean pulsatilla, Boxwood, Bombycis Mulberry, and Japanese Apricot have been recorded just one time, but these are also important plants which have to be reflected on afforestation of capital forest project. 9. The forests of Shilla on the old records exist in 17 places. The afforestation project has to be undertaken at these places. 10. The people of Shilla deified the forest and trees, which were the places where ancestral rites had been performed. For example, Gyerim, Sinyurim, and Wanggasu were the sacred forests of the capital forest.

2013년 8월, 9월 동해 남부연안 살오징어 유생 분포

김윤하,문창호,이충일,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Moon, Chang-Ho,Lee, Chung Il 한국해양학회 2014 바다 Vol.19 No.3

Paralarvae of the common squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup were sampled with the bongo net (diameter: 60 cm, mesh: $333{\mu}m$) by using oblique tow method with the oceanographic research vessel (Tamgu 12) at 21 stations along the southwestern coastal waters of the East Sea in August and September, 2013. Paralarvae were collected 16 ind./$10m^3$ in August and 7 ind./$10m^3$ in September at approximately, and bottom depth was from 70 m to 500 m. Mantle length of paralarvae was from 1.7 to 6.0 mm. Paralavae were distributed mainly in offshore stations in August and near by Cape Janggi in September. Optimum embryo survival temperature ($18-24^{\circ}C$) was formed shallower than 35 m depth for almost stations where paralarvae were existed, and survival temperature ($15-24^{\circ}C$) for embryo stage was located shallower than 75 m.

만삭전 조기양막파열 산모의 양수내 항산화능

김윤하(Yoon Ha Kim),안봉환(Bong Whan Ahan),양성열(Sung Yeul Yang),김현주(Hyun Joo Kim),이경철(Kyung Chul Lee),김석모(Seok Mo Kim),송태복(Tae Bok Song),변지수(Ji Soo Byun) 대한산부인과학회 2001 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.44 No.4

Objective : This study was to determine the levels of cytokines, lipid peroxides, and total peroxyl radical-trapping antioxidative prameter (TRAP) values of amniotic fluid in pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). Method : Amniotic fluid samples were obtained by amniocenteses for chromosomal analyses and other indications(control, n=26). Amniotic fluid samples were also obtained by amnioceteses from pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (n=22). Amniotic fluid cytokines(IL-6, IL-8) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Lipid peroxide levels of amniotic fluid were measured by thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction. The TRAP value of amniotic fluid was assessed by measuring the rate of oxygen consuming during controlled lipid peroxidation by 2,2'-azobis-2-amidinopropane hydrochloride, a water soluble peroxyl radical generator. Ascorbic acid and uric acid were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) CoulArray detector of water-soluble antioxidants. Retinol, α-tocopherol, and γ- tocopherol were measured by HPLC-CoulArray detector of fat-soluble vitamins. Results : Cytokine levels of amniotic fluid in pregnant women with PPROM(IL-6: 23.37±10.61 ng/ml, IL-8: 10.23±3.04 ng/ml) were significantly higher than those in normal pregnant women(IL-6: 0.62±0.32 ng/ml, IL-8: 0.55 ± 0.15 ng/ml), (p<0.05). Lipid peroxide levels of the amniotic fluid in pregnant women with PPROM(10.42±1.11 nmol/mg protein) were significantly higher than those in normal pregnant women (7.32±0.65 nmol/mg protein), (p<0.05). The amniotic fluid obtained from pregnant women with PPROM showed significantly lower TRAP values (0.46±0.04 mM) than those from normal pregnant women(0.62±0.03 mM), (p<0.01). Amniotic fluid ascorbic acid levels in pregnant women with PPROM (52.1±15.1 nmol/ml) were significantly lower than in normal pregnant women(231.9±33.9 nmol/ml), (p<0.01). There were no significant differences of amniotic fluid uric acid, retinol, α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol levels between these groups. Conclusions : This findings suggest that a low antioxidant activity in amniotic fluid may cause PPROM and demonstrate that antioxidant vitamin, ascorbic acid, may act an important factor in the prevention of PPROM.

최신임상강좌 : 임신 중 약물사용의 최신지견

김윤하 ( Yoon Ha Kim ),조혜연 ( Hye Yon Cho ) 대한산부인과학회 2009 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.52 No.8

More than 90% of pregnant women take drugs or use social drugs (such as tobacco and alcohol) or illicit drugs at some time during pregnancy. In general, drugs, unless absolutely necessary, should not be used during pregnancy because many can harm the fetus. The wrong informations of the drugs make an unnecessary termination. Sometimes drugs are essential for the health of the pregnant woman and the fetus. In such cases, appropriate and correct informations of drugs must be taken by specialist. Pregnancy women should talk with her doctors about the risks and benefits of taking the drugs. This article suggests general informations about using drugs in pregnancy.

유도분만의 성공 예측인자로서 자궁경부 길이, 부피, 히스토그램의 평가

김윤하 ( Yoon Ha Kim ),김종운 ( Jong Woon Kim ),김철홍 ( Chul Hong Kim ),조문경 ( Moon Kyoung Cho ),조혜연 ( Hye Yon Cho ),조아라 ( Ah Ra Cho ),강우대 ( Woo Dae Kang ),김석모 ( Seok Mo Kim ),송태복 ( Tae Bok Song ) 대한산부인과학회 2010 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.53 No.5

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Bishop score, length, volume and gray-scale histogram of the cervix has a predictive value of assessing the rate of success in trial of induction. Methods: Forty-one nulliparous patients with its Bishop score six or less were enrolled for this prospective study. All were on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, Propess(R); Controlled Therapeutics Ltd) pessary. Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound scans of the cervix were performed on the ACCUVIX XQ (Medison) to measure length, volume, and gray-scale histogram. Bishop score was determined by digital examination. The successful induction was defined as the ability to achieve the active phase of labor corresponding to a cervical dilatation of ≥4 cm within 12 hours of removing the PGE2 pessary. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were also used to estimate an optimal cutoff point for the Bishop score, length, volume, and gray-scale histogram of the cervix. Logistic regression analysis was used for statistical analyses. Results: The overall successful rate of labor induction was 73.2% (30/41). Multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the value of anterior lip histogram was significantly associated with the successful labor induction. ROC curve for anterior lip histogram value in predicting success of induction indicated a significant relationship with successful induction. The best cutoff value was 69.4. Conclusion: The value of anterior lip histogram associates significantly with the prediction of successful induction in nulliparous women. But, Bishop score and other sonographic measurement of cervical length, volume, and posterior lip histogram have no predictive values for successful induction.