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MBR에서 F/M비가 EPS 생성 및 fouling에 미치는 영향
김윤지,최윤정,황선진,Kim, Yun-Ji,Choi, Yun-Jeong,Hwang, Sun-Jin 대한상하수도학회 2021 상하수도학회지 Vol.35 No.3
In MBR, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) is known as an important factor of fouling; soluble EPS (sEPS) affects internal contamination of membrane, and bound EPS (bEPS) affects the formation of the cake layer. The production of EPS changes according to the composition of influent, which affects fouling characteristics. Therefore, in this study, the effects of the F/M ratio on the sEPS concentration, bEPS content, and fouling were evaluated. The effects of F/M ratio on the amount and composition of EPS were confirmed by setting conditions that were very low or higher than the general F/M ratio of MBR, and the fouling occurrence characteristics were evaluated by filtration resistance distribution. As a result, it was found that the sEPS increased significantly with the increase of the F/M ratio. When the substrate was depleted, bEPS content decreased because bEPS was hydrolyzed into BAP and seemed to be used as a substrate. In contrast, when the substrate is sufficient, UAP (utilization-associated products) was rapidly generated in proportion with the consumption of the substrate. UAP has a relatively higher Protein/Carbohydrate ratio (P/C ratio) than BAP, and this means, it has a higher adhesive force to the membrane surface. As a result, UAP seems like causing fouling rather than BAP (biomass-associated products). Therefore, R<sub>f</sub> (Resistance of internal contamination) increased rapidly with the increase of UAP, and R<sub>c</sub> (Resistance of cake layer) increased with the accumulation of bEPS in proportion, and as a result, the fouling interval was shortened. According to this study, a high F/M ratio leads to an increment in UAP generation and accumulation of bEPS, and by these UAP and bEPS, membrane fouling is promoted.
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송이 자실체 기저부 토양으로부터 항균활성을 가지는 KM1-15 균주의 분리 및 분류학적 특성
김윤지,황경숙,Kim, Yun-Ji,Whang, Kyung-Sook 한국미생물학회 2008 미생물학회지 Vol.44 No.1
송이 자실체 기저부 토양으로부터 분리한 268균주를 대상으로 식물병원성 곰팡이 7균주(Alternaria panax, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum gloeosprioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Phytopthora capsici, Pythium ultimum, Rizoctonia solani)에 대해 항균활성을 검토한 결과 인삼점무늬병원균(Alternaria panax)과 인삼탄저병원균(Colletotrichum gloeosprioides)에 강한 항균활성을 나타내는 KM1-15 균주가 선발되었다. KM1-15 균주의 16S rDNA 염기서열(1,311 bp)을 결정하여 계통학적 위치를 검토한 결과, Bacillus $koguryoae^T$ (AY904033)와 99.6%의 상동성을 나타내었다. API 50CHE Kit를 사용하여 당 분해능에 대해 Bacillus $koguryoae^T$ (AY904033)와 비교 검토한 결과 KM1-15 균주는 L-arabinose, cellobiose, inulin, D-turanose 양성반응을 나타내는 생리학적 특성이 확인되었다. 주요 지방산으로는 15:0 anteiso (35.78%), 17:0 anteiso (17.97%)를 함유하였으며, 13:0 iso 3-OH, 14:0 iso3-OH, 15:0 iso 3-OH, 그리고 17:0 iso 3-OH와 같은 다양한 분지형 지방산을 함유하는 특성을 나타내었다. 퀴논종으로는 MK-7 (100%)을 가지고, G+C함량은 43.7%를 나타내었다. 또한 protein과 starch에 대한 가수분해능이 탁월하여 KM1-15 균주는 병해충 방제제 및 토양개량제로 매우 유용하게 활용될 것으로 사료된다.
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송이 자생군락 토양 내 난배양성 세균군집의 계통학적 특성
김윤지,황경숙,Kim, Yun-Ji,Whang, Kyung-Sook 한국미생물학회 2007 미생물학회지 Vol.43 No.3
The CFDA (6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate) direct viable count method and plate count (PC) method using conventional nutrient broth (NB) medium and $10^{-2}$ diluted NB (DNB) medium were applied to samples collected from Mt. Yongdoo In Andong, in an effect to determine the number of living bacteria pine mushroom forest soil. The number of living bacteria determined via plate count in NB medium comprised $5{\sim}8%$ of the CFDA direct viable count, and the bacteria in the DNB medium comprised $40{\sim}47%$. This result indicated that viable but nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria existed in the pine mushroom forest soil at a high percentage. The phylogenetic characteristics of the VBNC bacterial populations in the samples of pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake) forest soil were analyzed via the direct extraction of DNA and 16S rDNA-ARDRA. The 115 clones from pine mushroom forest soil were clustered into 31 different RFLP phylotypes by ARDRA. Based on the 16S rDNA sequences, the 31 ARDRA clusters were classified into 6 phylogenetic groups: ${\alpha}-,\;{\beta}-,\;{\gamma}-Proteobacteria$, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. Among these bacterial populations, approximately 85% were classified as members of phylum Acidobacteria. The Acidobacteria phylum was shown to exist abundantly in the pine mushroom forest soil.
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