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물질흐름 및 특허분석을 통한 주석 스크랩 재활용 기술 동향
김용환,손성호,최한신,한철웅,김태범,안재우,김홍인,이기웅,Kim, Yong Hwan,Son, Seong Ho,Choi, Han Shin,Han, Chul Woong,Kim, Tae Bum,Ahn, Jae Woo,Kim, Hong In,Lee, Ki Woong 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2014 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.23 No.3
주석은 땜납, 주석도금강판, 청동 합금, 투명전극용 타겟 및 화학첨가제 등에 널리 사용되고 있다. 최근 자원의 희소성 및 경제성으로 인해 주석 스크랩에 대한 재활용 기술이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 주석이 함유된 공정 스크랩, 슬러지, 도금 폐액 및 합금의 재활용 기술에 대하여 1970년부터 2013년까지 공개/등록된 한국, 미국, 중국, 일본, 유럽의 특허에 대하여 조사하였다. 특허는 키워드를 사용하여 수집하였으며, 기술의 정의에 의해 필터링 하여 연도, 국가, 출원인 및 기술에 따라 분석하였다. Tin has been widely used to solder, tin plated steel, bronze alloy, sputtering target for transparent electrode and chemical additives. It has been widely reported to the recycling technologies for tin scraps because of the scarcity and economic efficiency of the reserve. This study was analyzed by using open/registered patents KR, US, CN, JP and EP related to recycling technologies for processing scrap, sludges, waste fluid for plating process and spent alloy containing tin in between 1970 and 2013. Patents were collected using key-words searching and filtered by filtering criteria. The trends of the patents were analyzed by year, country, appliant and technology.
김용환,김상현,차인호,김경숙,이영춘,Kim, Yong-hwan,Kim, Sang-hyun,Cha, In-ho,Kim, Kyoung-shook,Lee, Young-choon The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 1997 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.37 No.3
There are two conserved regions with a significantly high amino acid sequence homology among the A subunits of STX, SLTs and ricin. To produce an inactive Verotoxin-2 (VT-2), two different mutants, pE167D and pDE5A, were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, respectively, on the basis of the previous reports that two regions lie within the active-site clefts of the A subunits of ricin and STX family. The cytotoxicity ($10^3$ $CD_{50}/ml$) of VT-2 holotoxin with E167D mutation was reduced by $10^3$-fold compared with wild-type level. In addition, VT-2 with DE5A ($Trp_{202}GlyArgIleSer_{206}$) deletion mutation showed a significantly low cytotoxicity ($10^1$ $CD_{50}/ml$), resulting in $10^5$- and $10^2$-fold reductions, respectively, compared with the wild-type and E167D mutatant. SDS-PAGE for protein samples showed a 33-kDa band corresponding to the A subunit of VT-2. These results indicate that reduction in cytotoxic activity was affected not by amount of VT-2 protein produced but by mutation. VT2(Verotoxin-2)의 효소활성 영역에 해당되는 두 영역의 아미노산들에 대하여, 첫번째 보존영역의 Glu167을 conservative point mutation 시키고, 두 번째 보존영역의 구성 아미노산 5개 전부를 deletion mutation 시켜, 각 변이주에서 독성의 감소 정도를 wild type과 비교한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1. pKSC101을 Eco RI과 Pst I으로 절단하여 940bp insert를 통일 제한효소로 절단한 M 13mp19에 삽입하여 pEP19RF를 구축하였다. 이를 이용하여 dU-SSDNA template를 제조하고, mutagenic primer를 annealing 하여 변이를 도입하였으며, 변이가 도입된 insert를 acceptor plasmid에 삽입시켜 각각 발현 플라스미드 pOEX와 pDEX를 구축하였다. 각각의 mutant 단백질을 발현시키기 위하여 pOEX와 pDEX를 JM109에 형질전환시켜 mutant 재조합 균주인 POMUT109와 DEMUT109를 작성하였다. 2. POMUT109와 DEMUT109를 IPTG 유도 발현시킨 배양상층액을 Vero cell에 대하여 세포독성을 시험한 결과 wild type에 비하여 POMUT109의 배양 여액에서는 2000배, DEMUT109의 배양여액에서는 적어도 3000배 이상의 세포독성을 감소시켰다.
대장균 O157:H7의 독소 생성 유전자의 변이에 의한 변성독소 생산 및 미량독소 검출을 위한 단클론성 항체생산 I. 독소 생성 유전자의 변이에 의한 변성독소의 발현
김용환,강호조,김상현,이은주,차인호,이우원,Kim, Yong-hwan,Kang, Ho-jo,Kim, Sang-hyun,Lee, Eun-joo,Cha, In-ho,Lee, Woo-won 대한수의학회 2001 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.41 No.2
Single base substitution and deletion mutation have been introducted into the verotoxin 2 (VT2)A subunit gene from O157:H7 isolates to reduce cytotoxicity of VT2 and the cytotoxicity between wild type toxin and mutant toxoid were compared. A M13-derived recombinant plasmid pEP19RF containing a 940bp EcoRI-PstI fragment of VT2A gene was constructed for oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The duoble mutant pDOEX was constructed by point and deletion mutation of two different highly conserved regions of VT2A encoding active site cleft of enzymatic domain. The key residue, Glu 167(GAA) and the pentamer(WGRIS) consisting of the enzymatic domain were replaced by ASP(GAC) and completely deleted in nucleotide sequence analysis of mutant, respectively. In the comparision of vero cell cytotoxicity between wide type toxin and toxoid from mutant, the wild type toxin expressed cytotoxicity in dilution of $10^{-6}$, but the toxid from mutant did not show cytotoxicity to vero cells.
동물로부터 분리한 Thermophilic Campylobacter의 Biotype 및 Serotype
김용환,마점술,강호조,차인호,Kim, Yong-hwan,Mah, Jum-sul,Kang, Ho-jo,Cha, In-ho 대한수의학회 1987 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.27 No.2
A total of 145 strains of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from the fecal specimens of 108 cattle, 120 pigs and 104 chickens. The isolation rates of Campylobacter jejuni from cattle, pigs and chickens were 36.1%, 38.3% and 28.8%, respectively. In the biotyping of 115 strains of C. jejuni, 49.6% were belonged to biotype I, 33.9% biotype II, 10.4% biotype IV and 6.1 % biotype III. Twenty-eight strains of C. coli were 78.6% of biotype I, 21.4% biotype II. Two strains of C. laridis belonged to biotype I and II. One hundred of 105 C. jejuni cultures were typable serologically and represented 13 serogroups Serotype 4, 5, 26, 27 and 36 were encountered most frequently. Eighteen of 23 C. coli cultures were typable serologically and represented 6 serogroups. Serotype 8, 20, 21 and 31 were encountered most frequently. In the comparison of frequency of serotype between animal species, serotypes 4, 30, 5, 26 and 27 were encountered relatively common in the cattle source isolates, serotypes 26 and 36 in the pigs, and 36 and 17 in the chickens. The serotypes of C. coli encountered most frequently were serotype 8 and 31.
소의 임상병리 가검물에서 Mycobacterium species 감별진단을 위한 multiplex PCR 기법
김용환,조호성,강성귀,조경오,박형선,이봉주,박남용,Kim, Yong-hwan,Al-Haddawi, MH,Cho, Ho-seong,Kang, Sung-kwi,Cho, Kyoung-oh,Park, Hyung-seon,Lee, Bong-joo,Park, Nam-yong 대한수의학회 2001 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.41 No.4
A multiplex PCR technique was developed for detecting specifically each Mycobacterium bovis, M. tuberculosis, M. avium and M. avium subsp, paratuberculosis, respectively, using clinical samples of field cattle. To apply this novel technique to clinical specimens, blood sample was obtained from live cows comprising 11 intradermal tuberculin test (ITT)-positive and 17 ITT-negative and tested by multiplex PCR. Positive results were obtained from 15 cows by the multiplex PCR, showing that 4 (23.5%) of the 17 ITT-negative cows were multiplex PCR positive. The multiplex PCR results also showed that among the 15 positive cows, 7 (46.7%) were infected with M. bovis, 1 (6.7%) with M. tuberculosis and 7 (46.7%) with M. avium. The sensitivity and specificity of multiplex PCR in comparison with those of ITT were 100% and 76.5%. The correlation between the multiplex PCR and ITT assays with blood samples was considered excellent, 85.7% agreement and ${\kappa}=0.72$. The results obtained, using reference mycobacterial strains and typed clinical samples, show that the multiplex PCR method may be a rapid, sensitive, and specific tool for the differential identification of various mycobacterial strains in a single-step assay. Therefore, multiplex PCR assay is a useful tool for early diagnosis of tuberculosis in live cattle and to identify the species or complex of mycobacterium from clinical samples.