서울시 재난 사례 QRE 평가도구를 활용한 재난 위험도 평가

김용문,이태식,Kim, Yong Moon,Lee, Tae Shik 한국방재안전학회 2019 한국방재안전학회 논문집 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구는 서울시가 관리하는 재난 유형 중에 19개(자연재난 3개, 사회재난 16개)를 선정하여 QRE 평가를 진행하였다. 19개 재난 유형의 선정 기준은 과거에 자주 발생하고, 발생하면 인명과 재산피해를 많이 초래하는 재난 및 미래에 발생 가능성이 큰 재난을 중심으로 선정하였다. 서울시의 재난 유형에 대한 QRE 도구의 결과에 따르면, 가장 위험도가 높은 재난 유형은 "자살 사고" 및 "대기질 악화"로 나타났다. 자살 사고는 발생 위험이 높고 자살자의 경제 및 정신적인 문제 해소 대책 마련이 쉽지 않기 때문이다. 이는 재난 위험 등급 "M6"에 해당된다. 이에 비해 서울시가 관리하는 재난 중 위험도가 낮은 재난 유형은 풍수해, 상수도 누수사고, 수질 오염사고 등으로 분석되었다. 풍수해는 국지성 집중호우, 태풍 등 재난 발생 가능성은 높지만, 서울시는 5년마다 풍수해 저감 종합계획 등을 수립하여 잘 대응하고 있다. 이러한 측면이 재난 예방 대비책이 적절하게 수행되는 것으로 평가되어 재난 위험도가 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 재난 위험 등급 "VL1"에 해당된다. 끝으로 QRE 도구는 도시의 지도자 및 재난 관리자들에게 재난 발생 위험을 비교적 간단한 방법으로 신속하게 알려줌으로써 의사 결정을 빠르게 할 수 있는 토대를 마련해 준다. 또한 QRE 도구를 활용한 평가는 서울시에 당면한 도시안전 위험도에 대한 복원력의 체계적인 평가, 미래투자 계획에 대한 기초자료, 재난 대응 등 많은 측면에서 도움을 주었다. This study assessed the risk of disaster by using QRE(Quick Risk Estimation - UNISDR Roll Model City of Basic Evaluation Tool) tools for three natural disasters and sixteen social disasters managed by the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The criteria for selecting 19 disaster types in Seoul are limited to disasters that occur frequently in the past and cause a lot of damage to people and property if they occur. We also considered disasters that are likely to occur in the future. According to the results of the QRE tools for disaster type in Seoul, the most dangerous type of disaster among the Seoul city disasters was "suicide accident" and "deterioration of air quality". Suicide risk is high and it is not easy to take measures against the economic and psychological problems of suicide. This corresponds to the Risk ratings(Likelihood ranking score & Severity rating) "M6". In contrast, disaster types with low risk during the disaster managed by the city of Seoul were analyzed as flooding, water leakage, and water pollution accidents. In the case of floods, there is a high likelihood of disaster such as localized heavy rains and typhoons. However, the city of Seoul has established a comprehensive plan to reduce floods and water every five years. This aspect is considered to be appropriate for disaster prevention preparedness and relatively low disaster risk was analyzed. This corresponds to the disaster Risk ratings(Likelihood ranking score & Severity rating) "VL1". Finally, the QRE tool provides the city's leaders and disaster managers with a quick reference to the risk of a disaster so that decisions can be made faster. In addition, the risk assessment using the QRE tool has helped many aspects such as systematic evaluation of resilience against the city's safety risks, basic data on future investment plans, and disaster response.

인천시 UN 국제안전도시 인증을 위한 재난 복원력 스코어카드 평가

김용문,이태식,Kim, Yong-Moon,Lee, Tae-Shik 한국방재안전학회 2020 한국방재안전학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 인천시가 국제안전도시 인증을 받는 데 필요한 평가 도구인 'UNDRR의 도시 재난 복원력 스코어카드'를 적용한 사례연구이다. 이 스코어카드 평가를 통해 도출된 결과가 인천시의 재난경감 계획수립에 기여한 사례를 제시하고자 한다. 물론 재난 복원력 스코어카드는 도시가 직면한 모든 재난에 대한 복원력 향상 방안을 제시할 수 있는 것은 아니다. 다만 도시가 직면하고 있는 복원력의 약점을 발견하고, 그 해결책을 제시하여 도시의 재난 위험도를 경감시키는 데 있다. 이는 인천시가 직면한 재난위험도를 실무자들이 인지하도록 돕는 것이다. 그리고 재난에 취약한 분야에 대해 복원력을 갖출 수 있도록 UNDRR에서 권장하고 해결방안을 제시하였다. 이러한 과정이 인천시의 재난 복원력을 향상시키는데 기여할 수 있음을 확인하였다. UNDRR에서는 세계 도시의 재난경감을 위하여, 2010년부터 '기후변화, 재해에 강한 도시 만들기 캠페인, 일명 MCR(Making Cities Resilient) 캠페인'을 전 세계 도시로 확산시키고 있다. UNDRR에서 채택된 재난경감 지침을 적용함으로써 정부 및 지방자치단체, 이웃 도시들 간의 협업 등을 권장하고 있는 것이다. 인천시의 UN 도시 재난 복원력 스코어카드 평가 결과는 필수사항 10가지 중에 5개 분야(1. 재난 복원력을 위한 조직구성 및 이행 준비, 4. 복원력에 강한 도시개발과 설계추구, 5. 자연생태계가 제공하는 보호기능 강화를 위한 자연 완충재 보존, 9. 효과적인 재난대비와 대응력 확보, 10. 신속한 복원과 더 나은 재건)에서 5점 만점에 4점 이상(4.3~5.0)의 점수를 획득하여 강한 복원력 분야로 평가되었다. 이에 반해 5개 분야(2. 현재와 미래의 위험 시나리오 분석, 이해, 활용, 3. 재난 복원력을 위한 재정적 역량 강화, 6. 복원력을 위한 기관 역량 강화, 7. 복원력을 위한 사회적 역량 이해 및 강화, 8. 사회기반시설의 복원력 강화)는 5점 만점에 4점 미만(3.20~3.85)의 점수를 획득하여 약한 복원력 분야로 평가되었다. 본 연구의 스코어카드 평가 결과를 통해, 인천시가 당면한 위험요소를 우선순위별로 확인할 수 있었고, 재난위험도를 최소화할 수 있는 복원력 향상방안, 도시안전 기반의 도시개발계획 수립, 활용 가능한 재난경감자원 확인, 통합적인 재난대비 방안 등에 도움을 줄 수 있다. This study is a case study that applied 'UNDRR's Urban Disaster Resilience Scorecard', an evaluation tool necessary for Incheon Metropolitan City to be certified as an international safe city. I would like to present an example that the results derived from this scorecard contributed to the Incheon Metropolitan City Disaster Reduction Plan. Of course, the Disaster Resilience Scorecard can't provide a way to improve the resilience of every disaster facing the city. However, it is to find the weakness of the resilience that the city faces, and to propose a solution to reduce the city's disaster risk. This is to help practitioners to recognize the disaster risks that Incheon Metropolitan City faces. In addition, the solution recommended by UNDRR was suggested to provide resilience in areas vulnerable to disasters. It was confirmed that this process can contribute to improving the disaster resilience of Incheon Metropolitan City. UNDRR has been spreading 'Climate Change, Disaster-resistant City Creation Campaign', aka MCR (Making Cities Resilient) Campaign, to cities all over the world since 2010 to reduce global cities' disasters. By applying the disaster relief guidelines adopted by UNDRR, governments, local governments, and neighboring cities are encouraged to collaborate. As a result of this study, Incheon Metropolitan city's UN Urban Resilience Scorecard was evaluated as a strong resilience field by obtaining scores of 4 or more (4.3~5.0) in 5 of 10 essentials; 1. Prepare organization for disaster resilience and prepare for implementation, 4. Strong resilience Urban development and design pursuit, 5. Preservation of natural cushions to enhance the protection provided by natural ecosystems, 9. Ensure effective disaster preparedness and response, 10. Rapid restoration and better reconstruction. On the other hand, in the other five fields, scores of less than 4 (3.20~3.85) were obtained and evaluated as weak resilience field; 2. Analyze, understand and utilize current and future risk scenarios, 3. Strengthen financial capacity for resilience, 6. Strengthen institutional capacity for resilience, 7. Understanding and strengthening social competence for resilience, 8. Strengthen resilience of infrastructure. In addition, through this study, the risk factors faced by Incheon Metropolitan City could be identified by priority, resilience improvement measures to minimize disaster risks, urban safety-based urban development plans, available disaster reduction resources, and integrated disasters. Measures were prepared.

Zygosaccharomyces rouxii를 배양하여 제조한 발효갈비양념의 품질특성 및 저장성

김용문,오철환,인만진,오남순,Kim, Yong-Moon,Oh, Chul-Hwan,In, Man-Jin,Oh, Nam-Soon 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.36 No.6

갈비용 양념의 품질과 저장성 향상을 목적으로 내염성 효모인 Zygosaccharomycess rouxii Y-80을 갈비양념의 원료에 배양시킨 후 부재료를 혼합하여 발효갈비양념을 제조하였다. 발효갈비양념과 비발효갈비양념의 일반성분에서 큰 차이는 없었으나 발효갈비양념에서 에탄올 함량이 1.5배 정도 높았으며, isoamyl acetate, acetic acid ethyl ester, isopropyl alcohol 등의 방향성 성분이 다량 함유되어 있어 양념의 풍미 향상에 기여하는 것으로 사료되었다. $25^{\circ}C$에서 7일간 저장성을 조사한 결과 발효갈비양념의 pH는 3.34로 낮아졌으며 적정산도는 0.84%까지 증가하였다. 환원당은 4.49%에서 1.77%로 빠른 속도로 감소하였으며, 에탄올 함량은 0.62%에서 3.77%로 증가하였다. 저장 중의 성분변화는 미생물의 증식에 의한 결과이며 발효양념은 비발효갈비양념보다 저장성 향상을 위한 에탄올 농도가 3.0% 이상 높은 농도로 생성되었다. 관능적으로 전체적인 기호도에서 발효갈비양념은 비발효갈비양념보다 양호한 것으로 평가되었다. In order to enhance the flavor and storage stability of meat sauce, the manufacturing process of fermented beef-rib sauce was developed in a two-step process. The fermented sauce base was manufactured with Zygosaccharomyces rouxii Y-80 yeast cultivation in raw sauce ingredients for 3 days at $25^{\circ}C$. The fermented beef-rib sauce (FBS) was produced by mixing fermented sauce base with side ingredients. Comparison of the physicochemical and sensory properties with non-fermented beef-rib sauce (NFBS) revealed that the content of ethanol and volatile flavor compounds were higher in FBS; also, the result of sensory evaluation showed that FBS obtained excellent scores for overall taste. To determine the storage stability, FBS and NFBS were incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. The extent of decrease of pH and increase of titratable acidity in NFBS were faster than FBS. After 7 days, ethanol concentrations in FBS and NFBS were 3.77% and 2.04%, respectively. Therefore, based on these results, it can be suggested that storage stability of FBS is superior.

사찰음식에 대한 수요영향요인 분석

김용문(Yong-Moon Kim),박기오(Ki-Oh Park) 한국조리학회 2016 한국조리학회지 Vol.22 No.3

가계와 보요에 관한 연구

김용문(Yong Moon Kim) 한국복식학회 1992 服飾 Vol.18 No.-

The results of the researches in the wig and the Boyo are as follows. The wig is to be classified into Bu(副), Pyun(編), Cha(次), Cheh(채), and kwik(귁), Bu is an ornamental hairpin used by the empress, and its is decorated with Boyo. Pyun is a wig made of braided hair. Chah is made of Bal which is put together by its lenath, and it was also called Picheh or Pisuck. It is made, one by one, of hair of the convicts and the low-class people. cheh has a meaning of toupee, and it is used to look beautiful with its thick black hair. Kwik is a wig made of hair as if it is weaved out of thread, and it is rounded with a wire. In ancient times, it was also called chah, Pi(被), or Pi(피) People wore different wigs according to their class and the use, in order of Bu, Pyun, and Chah. There are remains of the Han Dynasty. Boyo, just like the wig, was originally a custom of the northern nomadic tribes which had been introduced to the later Han Dynasty. It is also called Choo Song and has a different meaning from the Boyo attached to a crown before the Han Dynasty. It became much more beautiful in the Wichin period. Boyo gained its popularity by the women in Tang Dynasty, which is due to the influence by the customs of the western Ho tribe. The name of hairstyling using wigs in each period, and things such as hair, black thread, lignum, and paper were used as materials. Since the wig had differed according to the disparity in social standing, it was prohibited to the general public, but it became in style later on. Wig also becomes popular in central Asia and gained its prosperity in the Tang Dynasty which is greatly influenced by the western countries. Is is said in the records that the kobal Style had been exceedingly in fashion form the Ju to the Chung Dynasty, and the remains of the Han and Song Dynasty were found. times, it was also called chah, Pi(被), or period, and things such as hair, black thread, lignum, and paper were used as materials. Since the wig had differed according to the disparity in social standing, it was prohibited to the general public, but it became in style later on. Wig also becomes popular in central Asia and gained its prosperity in the Tang Dynasty which is greatly influenced by the western countries. It is said in the records that the kobal Style had been exceedingly in fashion from the Ju to the Chung Dynasty, and the remains of the Han and Song Dynasty were found.

壁畵에 나타난 高句麗의 머리모양과 化粧文化

金容文(KIM Yong-moon),姜淳第(토론자) 고구려발해학회 2004 고구려발해연구 Vol.17 No.-

On the wall paintings of the Koguryo remains shows men who are wearing official hats. Most of them were displayed wearing a single topknot and in the Gipan, military officials, wrestlers, and strong men appeared with double topknots. There are various types of hairstyle of woman shown on me wall paintings of me Koguryo remains. It is divided into 4 main types of hairstyle, me high knotted hairstyle, backed hairstyle, tied hairstyle, and twin-knotted hairstyle. The knotted hairstyle is again divided into me twist-knotted hairstyle and loop-knotted hairstyle. In this case, a wig is used in me loop-knotted hairstyle. A wig which is put on top of a knotted hair is called a Hwan-gae. These kind of hair style with 2~3 loops could be seen on me women pictured on me wall paintings of Anak # 1 ruin, Anak # 3 ruin, Yak-su-ri wall painting ruin, and Gam-shin-chong ruin. Most of me maiden women were displayed with tied hairstyle while married women with back-knotted hairstyle on the wall paintings of Ssang-yong-chong. On the wall painting of Mo-yong-chong, women who were carrying food ere doing the high knotted hairstyle, which was no different with the hairstyle of the Josun dynasty. It is similar to modem women hairstyles. The way it leveled its outer part of the hair is similar to me hairstyle of me women on me Takamaschuka wall painting of Japan. There are also side lowered hairstyles, hood, and hair bands worn by me women on me paintings. A Gungik is not a hwadwear but a adornment worn by noble women. It is a wig made with real hair to be exact. The hairstyle shown on me paintings of me cross-knotted hairstyle of North Wei and Anak #3 ruin are identical and the wall paintings in me Pyongyang area shows that me neighboring countries gave some influence. Since Pyongyang was influenced by foreign styles huge wigs with fancy shapes were the trend at that time. It took a great deal of time and cost for these kinds of hairstyle, and this is evidence that Goguryo was economically and politically stable at that time. The wall paintings in the Gipan area shows that noble women usually tied or knotted their hair. The reason for this is because there were many nomadic tribes in that area. The hairstyle of Goguryo in the 4th~5th century was up-style and decorative. In the 6th century, the hairstyles became lowered, simple, and covered by a pigtail or just tied back. As you can see, the 4th~5th century Goguryo period was influenced by the Han dynasty and in the 6th century by the Northern natives. Cosmetic is an act of modifying and making up ones features so they can correspond with the agreed elements of beauty of that period and culture. The women in the wall paintings of Anak #3 ruin, Chun-wang-ji-shin-chong, Sosanri, Ssang-yong-chong shows that they used lipsticks and eyebrow cosmetics, which is evidence that there were actually cosmetics during that period. In the wall paintings of Koguryo, you can see that the women colored their eyebrows black and used rouge and lipstick for their lips. It is assessed that they also used perfumed oil and gluing substances such as oil or grass for their hair. Cosmetics developed because of the influence of Buddhism and cultural ideologies. This lead to the popularization of perfumeries and bathing. Cosmetics are identical to the 'spirit and the fresh' ideology and is based on the taboo of shamanism.

불고기양념의 발효 중 에탄올 생성과 품질특성

김용문(Kim, Yong-Moon),서성원(Seo, sung-Won),오철환(Oh, Chul-Whan),오남순(Oh, Nam-Soon) 한국외식산업경영학회 2005 외식산업경영연구 Vol.1 No.1

소그드 금직물(錦織物)과 동물문양

김용문 ( Yong Moon Kim ) 중앙아시아학회 2007 中央아시아硏究 Vol.12 No.-

To study the Sogdian samite, researches about the silk between 6th and 8th century worn by the characters in Panjikent and Afrasiab mural paintings, Zandaniji and animal designs appeared in samites of between 6th and 9th century excavated from Dunhuang, Turfan and Dulan have been made. In the late Tang dynasty, Sogdian merchants had seized the commercial business of the silk road. They have not only transported the beautiful silk fabrics of China and Persia, but also sold them to other countries, and moreover, they were capable of making textile with the plentiful raw silk. The Sogdian paintings show that textiles had small patterns between 6th and 7th century, but after 7th century bigger patterns had become popular, and in mural paintings of Afrasiab and Panjikent characters appear who are wearing clothes with magnificent embroidery of Sasanian pattern. The mural paintings of Afrasiab of 7th century show patterns of simurg, bird, peacock, head of wild boar, pegasus, antelope, winged lion, elephant, and those of Panjikent of 8th century show patterns of lion, perl roundle, palmette, rose. The Yu Hong tomb represents patterns of bird, horse and ibex at its bottom part of slates. From the 8th century, patterns have become stylized in Sogdian form. The characteristic of patterns of Sogdian textile is intimately simplified and abstract rather than being realistic; such as in patterns of animals facing each other, and those of perl roundles with another peculiar pattern in its center. This seems to be a commercial idea of Sogdian people to fit the preference of people of various areas. Animals with bright color, such as stag, head of wild boar, ibex and bird with a tie on its neck seem to be are characteristically shown in Sogdian patterns. Unlike the Sasanian, Sogdian patterns are stubborn and abstract in their detail. The process of producing textile and embroidery of each area has influenced each other through the trade of the Silk Road. The animal designs and weft-faced compound twill technique have been made by the Sogdians. The Silk Road not only made the trade of fabrics but also a way of new weaving technique. Textiles made in Sogd are samites with bright colors, such as those discovered from Zandaniji, cave 17 from Dunhuang and Turfan, which have patterns of lion, stag and birds. Four embroidered brocades have been found in Turfan. The samite with stag in pearl roundels of early Tang dynasty, the samite with boar`s head in pearl roundels of Astana`s 325th tomb from early 7th century, the samite with stag in pearl roundels of Astana`s 332th from mid 7th century and the samite with birds in pearl roundels of Astana`s 332th tomb are made of twill weaved embroidered brocades. The samite with confronted lions of Vatican produced in East Iran including the Oxus Area in between 8th and 9th century, the samite with confronted lions of Sens church, the samite with bird, the samite with pegasus, the samite with ibex of Huy can be seen as Sogdian samite. The best preserved is the Coat of a child made from Sogdian silk with patterns of Ducks. In the 8th century, the weft-faced compound twill technique has become internalized, while the warp-faced compound weave technique has vanished. The patterns of animals and the weft-faced compound twill Samite imported to East by the Sogdians can be said as the great production of cultural exchange between the east and the west.

레스토랑의 고객 시간감소방안 연구

김용문(Kim, Yong-Moon),김수연(Kim, Soo-Yeon) 한국외식산업경영학회 2009 외식산업경영연구 Vol.5 No.1

A Study of Korean Envoys Costume

김용문(Kim Yong-Moon) 한복문화학회 2002 한복문화학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-