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쥐의 간 Cytosolic aldehyde Reductase 의 정제 및 특성에 관한 연구
김용덕,주충노 ( Yong Duk Kim,Chung No Joo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1993 BMB Reports Vol.26 No.6
Aldehyde reductase (ALR) isozymes of rat liver cytosol fraction were separated and the ALR having high K_m (101 μM) for p-nitrobenzaldehyde was purified by the methods of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography and Blue-Sepharose CL-6B affinity chromatography. The ALR having low K_m (29 μM) for p-nitrobenzaldehyde was only partially purified because of its instability and low activity. The molecular weight of high K_m ALR was determined to be 44,000 dalton by Superose gel filtration in FPLC system. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that it was monomer having molecular weight of 42,000 dalton. The optimal pH of high K_m ALR was 6.5 and that of low K_m ALR was 5.5. The isoelecric point of high K_m ALR was 6.2. The above two isozymes were very stable at 37℃, but their activities decreased rapidly as the temperature increased to 54℃. The good substrate of the above two isozymes was found to be p-nitrobenzaldehyde, but their substrate specificity was very different from each other. For low K_m ALR, both NADH and NADPH were used as an coenzyme but high K_m ALR used only NADPH as a coenzyme. It was also realized that Cu^(2+) inhibited high K_m ALR activity but stimulated low K_m ALR activity. Barbital was shown to act as noncompetitive inhibitor of high K_m ALR and its K_i was 35 μM. Indole-3-acetate was shown to act as uncompetitive inhibitor of high K_m ALR and its K_i was 496 μM.
쥐의 간 Cytosolic Aldehyde Reductase의 정제 및 특성에 관한 연구
김용덕,주충노,Kim, Yong-Duk,Joo, Chung-No 생화학분자생물학회 1993 한국생화학회지 Vol.26 No.6
쥐의 간 시토졸 분획에서 두 가지 aldehyde reductase [ALR: EC 1.1.1.2J를 분리하였는데, 그 중 p-nitrobenzaldehyde에 대한 $K_m$값이 높은것(high $K_m$, ALR)은 황산암모늄 분별침전, DEAE-Sephacel, hydroxyapatite, blue sepharose CL-6B chromatography 방법을 이용하여 분리 정제하였고, $K_m$값이 낮은것(low $K_m$ ALR)은 활성이 적고 불안정하여 부분 정제하여 특성을 조사하였다. High $K_m$ ALR은 SDS-PAGE상에서 42,000 dalton의 단일띠로 나타났으며 superose 12 column을 이용한 FPLC gel filtration을 수행한 결과 분자량이 44,000 dalton의 monomer임이 확인되었다. High $K_m$, ALR의 최적 pH는 6.5, pI는 6.2이었고 low $K_m$ ALR의 최적 pH는 5.5이었다. 두 ALR 모두 $37^{\circ}C$ 에서 안정하였으나 $54^{\circ}C$ 이상에서는 활성이 급격히 저하되었다. High $K_m$, ALR. low $K_m$ ALR은 모두 p-nitrobenzaldehyde에 대해 좋은 반응성을 가쳤고 특히 high $K_m$ ALR은 succinic semialdehyde에 대해 높은 반응성을 나타낸 것이 특색이다. 그러나 high $K_m$ ALR과 low $K_m$, ALR의 기질 특이성에는 상당한 차이가 있었다. High $K_m$, ALR은 보조효소로 NADPH만을 이용하지만 low $K_m$, ALR은 NADH, NADPH를 모두 보조효소로 이용한다. 두 효소는 $Mg^{2+}$, $Li^+$, $Zn^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$에 의한 영향을 받지 않았으나, high $K_m$, ALR은 $Cu^{2+}$에 의해 활성이 억제되었는데, low $K_m$, ALR은 반대로 $Cu^{2+}$에 의해 활성이 촉진되었다. Barbital은 high $K_m$, ALR에 대해 비경쟁적 억제작용을 나타내고 $K_i$값은 $35{\mu}M$이였으며, indole-3-acetate에 의해서는 반경쟁적인 억제현상을 나타내고 $K_i$값은 $496{\mu}M$이었다. Aldehyde reductase (ALR) isozymes of rat liver cytosol fraction were separated and the ALR having high $K_m$ $(101{\mu}M)$ for p-nitrobenzaldehyde was purified by the methods of ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography and Blue-Sepharose CL-6B affinity chromatography. The ALR having low $K_m$ $(29{\mu}M)$ for p-nitrobenzaldehyde was only partially purified because of its instability and low activity. The molecular weight of high $K_m$ ALR was determined to be 44,000 dalton by Superose gel filtration in FPLC system. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that it was monomer having molecular weight of 42,000 dalton. The optimal pH of high $K_m$ ALR was 6.5 and that of low $K_m$ ALR was 5.5. The isoelecric point of high $K_m$ ALR was 6.2. The above two isozymes were very stable at $37^{\circ}C$, but their activities decreased rapidly as the temperature increased to $54^{\circ}C$. The good substrate of the above two isozymes was found to be p-nitrobenzaldehyde, but their substrate specificity was very different from each other. For low $K_m$ ALR, both NADH and NADPH were used as an coenzyme but high $K_m$ ALR used only NADPH as a coenzyme. It was also realized that $Cu^{2+}$ inhibited high $K_m$ ALR activity but stimulated low $K_m$ ALR activity. Barbital was shown to act as noncompetitive inhibitor of high $K_m$ ALR and its $K_i$ was $35{\mu}M$. Indole-3-acetate was shown to act as uncompetitive inhibitor of high $K_m$ ALR and its $K_i$ was $496{\mu}M$.
김용덕(Yong-Duk Kim),이석희(Seok-Hee Lee),이태희(Tae-Hee Lee),조상(Sang Cho) 한국정보과학회 2002 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.29 No.1A
인터넷 정보 가전 (IA:Internet Appliances)은 매우 복합적이고 다양한 제품과 기술로 구성되어 있지만, 간단하게 정의하자면 유무선 정보통신망에 연결되어 데이터 송수신이 가능한 디지털 TV, 인터넷 냉장고, DVD, 디지털 비디오 등과 같은 차세대 네트워크 가전제품을 말한다[1]. 이러한 인터넷 정보 가전에 있어서 Home PNA, PLC, IEEE1394, 무선 랜, Home RF, Bluetooth 등 다양한 기술과 규격이 홈 네트워크로 제시되어 있지만 이를 도입하기엔 부담이 큰 가전기기들이 대부분인 것이 현실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 홈 서버의 직렬 포트에 무선 모뎀을 장착해서 이동 로봇을 원격 제어하는 시스템을 설계 구현함으로써 하드웨어 및 소프트웨어적인 비용이 저렴한 인터넷 정보 가전용 이동 로봇 시스템의 구현 가능성을 제시한다.
김용덕(Kim, Yong-Duk) 비교민속학회 2013 비교민속학 Vol.0 No.51
The purpose of this paper is to classify the types of narrative paintings that show narrative contents among mural paintings of Buddhist temples and to interpret meanings of the narrative paintings. The functions of the narrative paintings can be classified into the following three functions if classified in broad scope: worshiping, religious reformation, and grandeur. Narrative paintings drawn on outer walls of a Buddhist sanctuary have the function of religious reformation and decoration; rather than the subjects of worshiping, they also have the function of explanatory purpose to help people to easily understand the doctrine of Buddhism as well as the function of dancheong (traditional multicolored paintwork on wooden buildings) for the purpose of decoration. Buddha and Bodhisattvas were illustrated in simpler way in the mural paintings of old, historic temples, and the narrative paintings of the temples that were built in relatively later periods were drawn in folk painting styles. The narrative paintings can be classified in accordance with subject matters, themes, and characters. A narrative painting basically has a story that must have a main character in the development of the story. Thus if the narrative paintings are classified by main characters of stories, they can be classified into the four different types: Gautama Siddhartha Paintings; Bodhisattva Deities Paintings; Virtuous Monk Great Virtue Paintings; Characters of Old Folk Tale Paintings. The contents of the narrative paintings are not limited to the subjects of Buddhism but borrowed ordinary people-friendly as they were expanded to characters of old folk tales and include narratives for ordinary folks. The viewpoints that interpret narrative paintings can be approached by religious sacredness and secular folklore. With the purpose of illustrating religious piety and the doctrine of Buddhism, narrative paintings were drawn to reflect folksy closeness for devotees’ level and circumstances of the era during which a particular narrative painting was drawn. We can read symbolic meaning in which sacredness and secularity. Mural paintings drawn inside a sanctuary illustrate stories related to Buddhist Bodhisattvas that symbolize core Buddha for the purpose of worshiping. Murals drawn at the outside of a sanctuary have the purpose of decoration and religious reformation. We can read the symbol that aims for the world of fusion by contrasting sacredness and secularity in such contrast and harmony.