삼척 죽서루의 증축과정과 공포형식 고찰

김왕직,Kim, Wang-Jik 한국건축역사학회 2021 건축역사연구 Vol.30 No.4

Jukseoru is a pavilion building located in 44 Jukseoru-gil, Samcheok-si, Gangwon-do. Jukseoru is characterized by the fact that the center 5 bays out of the front 7 bays are in the form of Jusimpo, while the ends of each side are in the form of an Ikgong. In addition, the columns are not aligned with each other because the columns of both compartments are out of the center rather than the columns of the center of the five compartments of the columns do not match each other. Based on this, architectural historical circles initially built five bays in pairs, but later added one space to each side to make it seven bays. Recently, however, a new claim has been made that it was built with seven bays from the beginning. Therefore, this paper proved that Jukseoru were expanded through historical data. We also looked at the characteristics of the Jukseoru period and the process of transformation through comparison of the bracket type.

목조(木造) 건조물문화재(建造物文化財)의 보존이론(保存理論)에 관한 연구 -일본(日本) 건조물문화재(建造物文化財)의 수리사례(修理事例)를 중심(中心)으로-

김왕직,이상해,Kim, Wang-Jik,Lee, Sang-Hae 한국건축역사학회 2002 건축역사연구 Vol.11 No.3

This study is about the preservation of wooden buildings as cultural properties. I got the idea for preservation and repair of cultural properties of wooden buildings by watching the process of repairing them in Japan. The Japanese have been endeavored to restoring old wooden buildings to their original forms for more than a hundred years. The idea to change decayed materials into new materials or the new approach to the process of restoration used to be in conflict with the concept of 'Authenticity'--the criteria for evaluation of the value of cultural properties, based on the Western of thinking, established by UNESCO. Since 'Nara Conference on Authenticity', held in 1994 in Nara, however, the concept of 'Authenticity' has changed, and the peculiarity of certain cultural properties of the wooden buildings and their diversity of culture have now begun to be recognized by UNESCO. This is a crucial change for the study of preservation, repair and restoration of cultural properties of wooden buildings. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to look closely at the process of change of the concept 'Authenticity' and find a better method for preservation of cultural properties of wooden buildings.

전통건축 서까래의 풍화손상에 따른 잔존성능 평가

김영민(Kim Yeong-Min),김왕직(Kim Wang-Jik),김호수(Kim Ho-Soo),정성진(Jung Sung-Jin),김덕문(Kim Derk-Moon) 대한건축학회 2011 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.27 No.9

In this study the weathering damage of rafters are classified as five categories under visual inspection, and for each category both axial and flexural rigidity are evaluated so as to establish criteria for decision making whether the rafters could be reused or not according to the level of weathering damage. For each category of rafters, axial load bearing test and flexural bending test are performed to acquire both axial and flexural elastic modulus. Along with these tests, sectional area and second moment of inertia for the remaining undamaged section are calculated to evaluate both axial and flexural rigidity. The B level - slightly damaged level - rafters still retain flexural rigidity of 3/4 degree and can be reused partially for the rafters. Meanwhile, though the C level rafters can not be reused as rafters but still retain axial rigidity of 2/3 degree and can be reused as axial member. The D and E level rafters can not be reused not only as rafters but also as axial member.

축조형식에 따른 성곽구조물의 구조모형화 및 해석기법

김호수(Kim, Ho-Soo),김재윤(Kim, Jae-Yoon),박영신(Park, Young-Sin),정성진(Jung, Sung-Jin),김왕직(Kim, Wang-Jik),김덕문(Kim, Derk-Moon) 대한건축학회 2011 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.27 No.10

The traditional fortress structures have the various construction types in the shapes, slopes and infilled materials. Also, we should consider the various applied load conditions as design variables, and then check the dicontinuum behavior characteristics for the reasonable structural modelling and analysis of fortress structure. Therefore, this study selects the representative fortress structure, and then performs the structural modelling considering the various construction shapes and slope variations. Especially, this study evaluates the structural behaviors according to the construction types of fortress structures by comparing the stress and displacements through the discrete element analysis.

전통목구조물 결구부의 회전강성 평가방법

김석환(Kim, Seok-Hwan),정성진(Jung, Sung-Jin),김호수(Kim,, Ho-Soo),김왕직(Kim, Wang-Jik),김덕문(Kim, Derk-Moon),이민섭(Lee, Min-Sub) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.32 No.2

조선후기 석빙고 홍예구조와 조성방법 연구

김상협(Kim, Sang-Hyup),조현정(Cho, Hyun-Jung),김왕직(Kim, Wang-Jik),김호수(Kim, Ho-Soo),정성진(Jung, Sung-Jin),김덕문(Kim, Derk-Moon) 대한건축학회 2013 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.29 No.11

This study was built in the late Joseon seokbinggo will have seen how the structure and composition. Seokbinggo from the Three Kingdoms period, has a long history to modern times. Most are semi-circular arched form of seokbinggo. Tunnel-like structure without making hongyeseok all three arched at Cannes in Cannes for 5 pumpin than the skeleton, such as Sanya across arched across the flagstones between the Agency is to structure type. This is using both hongyeseok tunnel structure is the difference between creating a hongyegyo. This case with a skeleton structure of the Unified Silla cheongungyo Bulguksa and can be found in baekungyo that has a history.

조선왕릉 수복방(守僕房)의 건축형식 고찰

김왕직 ( Wang Jik Kim ) 한국동양예술학회 2014 동양예술 Vol.26 No.-

조선왕릉의 수복방(守僕房)은 수직방(守直房)이라고도 하며 통상 정자각(丁字閣) 동남쪽에 놓여 제사 때 제관의 대기와 준비 장소로 사용되는 건물이다. 수복방과 대칭으로 정자각 서남쪽에는 수라간(水剌間)이 놓이는데 정자각과 더불어 이 세 건물은 제사의 중심건물이다. 현재 정자각은 대부분 남아 있지만 수라간과 수복방은 일제강점기 때 사라지고 터만 남아 있는 것이 많으며 일부 남아 있는 수라간과 수복방도 근대기에 변형되어 원형을 알 수 없는 경우가 대부분이다. 최근에는 발굴을 통해 수라간과 수복방을 복원하고 있으며 최초로 복원된 수복방은 제5대 문종과 현덕왕후의 능인 현릉(顯陵)이다. 이외에 예종의 창릉(昌陵)과 명종의 강릉(康陵), 숙종의 원비 인경왕후의 익릉(翼陵), 경종 원비 단의왕후의 혜릉(惠陵), 영조의 원릉(元陵)이 발굴을 마치고 복원을 위한 설계 단계에 있다. 임진왜란 이후 수복방은 “산릉도감의궤(山陵都監儀軌)”라는 기록이 남아 있어서 그 내용을 분석하면 건물의 규모와 형식을 명확히 알 수 있으나 조선전기는 발굴에 의존할 수밖에 없다. 그러나 조선전기라고 할지라도 조선후기에 개축되면서 변형된 경우가 많다. 따라서 복원은 조선후기의 발굴된 유적을 근거로 할 수 밖에 없는데 발굴된 적심과 초석 정도의 유적으로는 건물의 규모와 위치 정도를 알 수 있을 뿐 구체적인 상부 형태를 파악할 수 없다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 의궤내용을 분석하여 수복방의 시대적인 변천과정과 대표유형에 대한 원형을 고찰하였다. Subokbang (janitor``s quarter of royal tomb) of Choseon royal tomb is also called as Sujikbang and it was usually located at the southeastern side of Jeongjagak and used as a stand-by and preparation place of ritual administrator at the time of memorial service (ancestral rites). At the southwestern side of Jeongjagak, Suragan (royal kitchen) is located being symmetric with Subokbang and these three buildings together with Jeongjagak are central buildings of ancestral rites. At present, most of Jeongjagak remains still but Suragan and Subokbang were vanished during Japanese colonial rule and only its foundation remains excepting a few and it is hard to find its original form in partially remained Suragan and Subokbang also as it was transformed during modern times. Recently, Suragan and Subokbang were restored through excavation and Subokbang being restored for the first time is Hyeon-reung that is royal tomb of 5th King Moonjong and Queen Hyeondeok. Besides, Chang-reung of Yejong, Gangreung of Myeongjong, Ikreung of Queen Inhyeon who was original queen of Sukjong, Hyereung of Queen Daneui who was original queen of Gyeongjong and Wonreung of Yongjo are completed of its excavation and under design stage of restoration. After Imjin-woiran (Japanese invasion to Chosen Dynasty during Imjin year), Subokbang was recorded in "Sanreung-Dogam-Euigwe" and when analyzing its contents, scale and style of building could be identified clearly but in case of Subokbang during first half of Choseon era, there is no other way but to rely on excavation. However, Subokbang was remodelled and modified during late Choseon era in many cases.Therefore, its restoration is compelled to be performed based on excavated remains of late Choseon but remains such as excavated Jeoksim and Choseok are not sufficient to identify its detailed superstructure ex- cepting scale and location. And so, in this study, by analyzing the contents of Eui-gwe, chronological transition process and typical type of Subokbang were considered.

조선후기 선자연 치목기법에 관한 연구

김왕직(Kim Wang-Jik) 대한건축학회 2010 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.26 No.5

The Korean traditional architecture is seen to be light and beautiful by the curve and structure of its roof. Sunjayon is its rafters of the corner roof. They are put together to the traditional technique one of which is trimming and arranging wood timbers in the ancient oriental architecture. Perhaps, Korea will be a nation that has been best keeping the roofing technique with the degree of high difficulty among three eastern counturies of Asia. This study shows his own design and planing principle and his setting know-how of Sunjayon, of which Korean master carpenter has been well practiced from his grand master.

한옥 평연의 치목기법에 관한 연구

김왕직(Kim, Wang-Jik) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.6

This study analyzes the drawing and fabricating technique of rafter by master carpenter of Korean traditional architecture to reveal the principles of rafter fabrication and to define drawing and fabricating technique. Rafter fabrication of Korean traditional architecture defines the curvilineal line of traditional roofline. Closely examining the principles of fabricating traditional rafter would open possibilities to adapt rafters to various needs and scale without losing the essential quality. Simultaneously the analysis and recording of rafter fabrication documented in this study will contribute to the preservation and propagation of tradition that could have been only relied on skills of master carpenters. Rafter of Korean traditional architecture is made of wood in various size and different curvature, which necessitates drawing and fabrication method called “Yeon Mok Jya Pan(연목좌판, 椽木坐板)” Therefore apprehending the workings of this method is crucial in understanding the specification and fabrication technique method. Various conditions and analysis results were found through this study.

유형과 비례로 본 전통건축 중 중층 목조건축의 조형성에 관한 연구

김왕직 ( Wang Jik Kim ),조현정(교신저자) ( Hyun Jung Cho ) 한국기초조형학회 2016 기초조형학연구 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구는 중층 목조건축의 조형성을 파악하기 위해 유형을 분류하고 4가지 조형요소인 체감(遞減), 처마내밀기, 층고(層高), 지붕경사인 물매의 비례체계 분석을 목적으로 한다. 이 네 가지는 중층 목조건축 설계에서 단면 치수 결정에 중요한 조형원리이기 때문이다. 연구대상은 국가지정문화재 중 국보, 보물, 중요민속자료, 사적에 속하는 52건이다. 이 중 궁궐및 관영건축이 17건, 불교건축 7건, 유교건축 4건, 주거건축 24건이다. 기존 연구에서는 관영건축과 불교건축 중심이었으나 본 연구에서는 주거건축까지 포함시켰다. 연구방법은 현지답사와 정밀실측조사보고서, 보수공사보고서, 도면 등 관련 문헌을 통하여 연구, 분석하였다. 이를 통해 층 구분, 층간유형, 체감 유무를 기준으로 중층 목조건축의 유형을 6가지로 분류하고 조형적 요소를 검토했다. 그 결과 중층 목조건축의 유형은 층간지붕형, 층간난간형, 무첨형으로 구분 가능하고, 층간지붕형은 다시 내외중층형, 내부통층형, 다중지붕형, 무첨형은 공심돈형과 반층형으로 세분했다. 기존의 중층 목조건축 관련 연구에서는 무첨형에 대한 언급이 없었으나 본 연구에서는 조형성을 중심으로 유형을 검토하므로 한옥 설계에서 많은 비중을 차지하는 살림집이나 상징적 건물은 무첨형을 포함시켰다. 조형요소에서 면적과 높이는 일정한 비례가 나타나며 지붕물매와 처마내밀기는 비교적 자유로웠던 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 면적은 하층이 100%인 경우 온칸물림은 상층이 42%~44%, 반칸물림은 상층이 55~78%로 나타났다. 높이는 내외중층형 하층이 상층보다 높아 상층 사용공간의 높이가 하층의 높이에 비해 1/2~2/3 수준이었다. 반면 층간난간형은 하층보다 상층이 해당건물의 중심공간이므로 상하층의 높이가 거의 비슷하거나 오히려 높은 건물들도 볼 수 있었다. 반층형은 모두 거주형으로 외부에서 봤을 때는 단층건물로 보이나 내부는 중층건물로 상하층의 높이가 낮았다. The aim of this study is to figure out the formativeness of multi-roofed wooden building. For this purpose the types were classified and the study analyzed proportion system of 4 formative elements including diminishing, eaves protruding, floor height and slope of a roof. These 4 elements are important formative principle in the determination of cross-section dimension at the multi-roofed wooden building design. The research subjects were 52 buildings including national treasures, treasures, important folk data and historical sites among state-designated cultural properties. Among them, palace and government buildings were 17 together with 7 Buddhist buildings, 4 Confucius buildings and 24 residential buildings. Precedent studies focused on government buildings and Buddhist buildings, but this study included residential buildings too. As for research methodology, the site visit was conducted and precise measurement survey report, repair work report, drawings and other related documents were studied and analyzed. In doing so, multi-roofed wooden buildings were classified into 6 types based on floor section, type of inter-roofed and diminishing followed by review of formative elements. As a result, the types of multi-roofed wooden buildings were classified into inter-floor roof type, inter-floor banister type, non-addition type. Inter-floor roof type was specified again into internal-external multi-roofed type, internal single floor type and multiple roof type. And non-addition type was specified into Gongsimdon type and half-floor type. As for studies on existing multi-roofed wooden building, there was no mention on non-addition type. But as this study reviewed types focusing on formativeness, the non-addition type was included in residential house or symbolic building which accounted for large portion in Hanok design. In formative elements, area and height had regular proportion, and it was found that slope of a roof and eaves protruding were relatively free. As for area, if the lower floor was 100%, upper floor accounted for 42%~44% for Onkanmulim and for 55%~78% for Bankanmulim. As for height, lower floor in the interior-exterior multi-roofed type was higher than upper floor. Thus, the height of use area of upper area was 1/2~2/3 over the height of lower floor. To the contrary, in the inter-floor banister type, upper floor was central space of the building than lower floor, the height between upper and lower floors was similar, and some buildings had higher upper floor. In the half-floor type which is residential building, while it was seen as a single floor building from outside, it was multi-roofed building with low height both upper and lower floor.