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김영욱(Kim, Yungwook) 한국광고홍보학회 2017 한국광고홍보학보 Vol.19 No.1
지금까지 PPL에 대한 논의는 기능주의적인 효과성에 집중되어 왔지만, 이 논문은 커뮤니케이션 정치경제학 관점에서 PPL이 가지는 사회적인 의미를 비판적인 관점에서 해석해 보고자 하였다. 『자본론』에서 주장한 일반적인 노동과 마찬가지로 시청자의 시청시간은 노동으로 간주될 수 있으며, 방송사들은 노동 시간을 절대적 혹은 상대적으로 착취함으로써 이윤을 극대화하려고 노력한다. 특히 PPL 상황에서는 이러한 착취가 실질적인 노동 착취를 포함해서 이중적으로 일어난다는 데 문제의 심각성이 있다. 이러한 문제점에도 불구하고 PPL이 사회 전체적으로 자연스럽게 받아들여지는 데는 물신 숭배의 영향이 크다. 사람들은 상품을 통해 사회적인 인간관계를 대체해 나간다. 노동은 상품 속에서 해체되고 상품의 교환 가치만이 유일한 사회관계로 살아남는다. PPL은 이러한 상품의 물신 숭배를 통해서 노동으로서 시청이라는 사실은 무시되고 자연스러운 이윤 창출 도구로서 수용된다. 프로모션 사회는 이윤을 극대화하는 방향으로 노동의 유형과 무관하게 대상을 상품화하고 있으며, 이는 방송 광고의 자유 경쟁 체제를 주장하는 논리와는 무관하게 시청자의 복지를 약화시킬 수 있다는 점을 논의했다. Discussions about product placement were focused on functionalistic effectiveness until now. However, this paper attempts to critically interpret the social meaning of product placement using a communication political economic perspective. Viewers’ viewing time can be considered as labor defined in Karl Marx’s Capital. Broadcasting companies exploit this labor, either absolutely or relatively, in an effort to maximize profits. Situations in product placement are especially problematic in that exploitation occurs in every aspect. Despite this problem, product placement is generally accepted in society largely due to the process of fetishism. People now substitute social interpersonal relationships with products. Labor is forgotten in the presence of products, and exchange value is the sole representation of social relationships. Product placement, through the fetishism of products, hides the fact that viewing is a form of labor, and is accepted as a natural tool for generating profit. A promotion society commodifies entities, regardless of the form of labor, in order to maximize profits. This kind of commodification does not match with the logic which espouses free competition between commercials, and deteriorates the welfare of viewers in the long run.
미세먼지 대응 행동 촉진을 위한 메시지 구성 전략 탐색
김영욱(Yungwook Kim),이하나(Hannah Lee),김혜인(Haein Kim),문현지(Hyeonji Moon) 한국언론정보학회 2018 한국언론정보학보 Vol.92 No.-
이 연구의 목적은 미세먼지 위험 메시지가 개인의 대응 행동에 미치는 영향력을 검증하는 데 있다. 구체적으로, 미세먼지 발생에 대한 원인 귀인과 미세먼지 위험에 따른 결과의 불확실성 수준이라는 메시지 요인이 저감 행동 의도와 예방 행동 의도에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 또한, 이 과정에서 미세먼지 위험에 대한 심리적 거리감의 조절 효과와 불안 감정의 매개 효과가 유효한지 확인하였다. 연구 결과, 원인 귀인과 불확실성 수준이 행동 의도에 미치는 영향은 유의미하지 않았다. 한편, 메시지 효과에 대한 심리적 거리감의 조절 효과는 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 미세먼지 위험에 대한 심리적 거리가 가까운 경우에는 메시지 요인에 따른 예방 행동 의도의 차이가 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으나, 미세먼지 위험에 대한 심리적 거리가 먼 경우에는 외부 귀인 메시지를 받은 참가자보다 내부 귀인 메시지를 받은 참가자가 미세먼지 위험의 불확실성 수준에 민감하게 반응하였다. 마지막으로, 불안이라는 감정의 매개 효과는 저감 행동 의도 및 예방 행동 의도에서 모두 유의하게 나타나, 행동 동기를 자극하는 데 있어 감정의 역할이 중요함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 미세먼지 위험 커뮤니케이션 전략을 수립하는 데 이론적·실무적으로 기여할 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of particulate matter risk messages on individual coping behaviors. Specifically, the research examined the effects of attribution about particulate matter formation and the level of uncertainty on risk reducing and preventing behaviors with focusing on the moderating effect of psychological distance and the mediating effect of anxiety. According to the results, both attribution and uncertainty did not significantly affect on behavioral intentions. On the other hand, there was a significant three-way interaction effect of attribution, uncertainty, and psychological distance on behavioral intentions. When psychological distance was perceived far, participants who received the internal attribution message responded sensitively to the level of uncertainty than participants who received the external attribution message. In addition, there was the statistically significant mediating effect of anxiety on both risk reducing and preventing behavior intentions, Based on the results, theoretical practical implications were discussed for establishing an effective particulate matter risk communication strategy.
코로나19에 대한 죽음 현저성이 정부 대응에 관한 의견양극화에 미치는 영향 : 선택적 노출의 매개효과와 정치적 성향의 조절효과 중심
김영욱(Yungwook Kim),김혜정(Hyejung Kim) 한국언론정보학회 2020 한국언론정보학보 Vol.104 No.-
본 연구는 코로나19에 대한 죽음 현저성이 정부 대응에 관한 의견양극화에 미치는 영향에서 선택적 노출의 매개효과와 정치적 성향의 조절효과를 분석하였다. 기존 연구들이 죽음 현저성에서 의견양극화로 이어지는 직접적인 관계를 검증한 것과 달리, 이 연구는 선택적 노출의 매개효과와 정치적 성향의 조절효과를 함께 분석하여 공포관리이론의 외연을 확장하고자 했다. 선택적 노출은 죽음 현저성으로 인한 내집단 편향을 정보탐색 관점으로 확장한 것이고, 정치적 성향은 코로나19 정부 대응이 정치적 맥락에서 해석될 수 있기 때문에 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단하였다. 연구 결과, 코로나19 정부 대응에 관한 일반적 평가에 대한 의견양극화에서만 선택적 노출의 매개효과와 정치적 성향의 조절효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 구체적으로, 정치적 성향이 보수일수록 코로나19 정부 대응에 관한 일반적 평가에 대해 자기 생각과 유사한 정보에 선택적으로 노출함으로써 의견양극화가 더욱 일어났다. 이러한 결과는 사람들이 코로나19 정부 대응에 관해 세부 정책을 체계적으로 고려하기보다 전반적으로 평가함으로써 의견을 형성한다는 것을 시사한다. 분석 결과에 근거하여 위험 커뮤니케이션 측면에서 이론적·실무적 함의를 제시하였다. This study investigated the effects of COVID-19 mortality salience on opinion polarization, focusing on the mediating roles of selective exposure and the moderating roles of political orientation. Previous studies that deal with mortality salience from the perspective of the terror management theory have focused on examining the direct relationship between mortality salience and opinion polarization. However, the current study expanded the scope of the theory by exploring additional relationships among the variables. Selective exposure extends in-group bias to a point of view of information seeking, and political orientation have some impact because governmental response to COVID-19 could be interpreted via political lens. As results, the mediating effects of selective exposure and the moderating effects of political orientation were significant only in the case of opinion polarization on the general assessment of governmental response to COVID-19. Specifically, the more conservative the political orientation is, the more polarized the opinion on the general assessment of governmental reactions by selectively exposing to information supporting one’s own previous attitude. It suggests that people evaluate the governmental response to COVID-19 by assessing it overall rather than systematically considering detailed policies. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed following the research results.
김영욱(Yungwook Kim) 한국언론정보학회 2006 한국언론정보학보 Vol.32 No.-
이 연구의 목적은 우리니라 언론 보도에서 정부 소스의 의제 속성에 의존하는 현상이 일어나고 있는가를 살펴본 다음, 정부의 중요정의자 기능과 관련하여 영향요인으로 거론되는 보도부정성, 보도이데올로기, 보도시기 등의 변수들이 가지는 영향력에 대해서 조사해 보는 것이다. 이러한 연구목적에 답하기 위해서 사회적인 논란을 불러왔던 행정수도 이전 관련 논의를 분석 케이스로 선택했으며, 이슈를 둘러싼 정부브리핑과 언론보도를 연구 텍스트로 선정하였다. 연구결과, 정부는 언론보도의 중요정의자 역할을 수행하는 것으로 나타났으며, 언론보도가 정부가 설정하는 이슈 속성의 테두리를 벗어나기 힘들다는 것을 보여주었다. 또한 언론의 부정성에도 불구하고 정부는 사안의 속성을 제한하는 중요정의자의 역할을 담당하고 있지만, 보도이데올로기나 시안의 갈등 시기 등의 영향권에서 자유롭지는 못하다는 것을 보여주고 있다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dependency level of news attributes on the government source and to measure up the impact of news negativity, press ideology, and the conflict level on the forementioned relation¬ship in the context of the prime definer role of the government. The prime definer means that the official source such as the government may dominate media access and create media dependency on the issue and issue attributes. To test the research questions, the content analyses of both the government briefing materials and newspapers were conducted. Textual arguments regarding the new administrative capital were chosen for the analysis. The results showed that the government source played a prime definer role in framing issue attributes of news reporting. This prime definer role was not diminished even among the negative coverage about the chosen topic. However, press ideology and the conflict level influenced the relationship between news attributes and the government-released information in some extent.
문화와 변화의 충돌 : 한국형 Public Relations(공중관계)의 모색
김영욱(Kim Yungwook),차희원(Cha Heewon) 한국언론학회 2002 한국언론학보 Vol.46 No.5
The purpose of this study is to examine public relations models practiced in South Korea and to explore the impact of cultural and communication characteristics on public relations activities. This study also supplies descriptive insights into how changing social, political, and economic conditions are affecting the public relations function. The final purpose is to explore the Korean-style public relations. Qualitative interviews with 34 practitioners in the client and agency side were conducted from October 2000 to November 2000. Research results indicate that most Korean public relations practitioners perform publicity duties that are one-way asymmetrical activities, however they aspire to practice two-way symmetrical models increasingly as the Korean society becomes open and democratic. Current trends suggest that Korean companies increasingly understand the value of public relations in the pluralistic and integrated society. Social democratization brings with it, the development of public relations. The traditional public relations, which heavily focuses on media relations and personal connections with journalists, is not effective in the ever-changing democratic South Korean society. The changing economic, political and legal system provides organizations with more opportunities than limitations. The traditional communication characteristics of the East have been mingled with individualistic perspectives of the West for more than a half century. Changes in the public relations industry in South Korea reflect this interaction. Although there is still a shortage of experienced public relations professionals and public relations agencies rely heavily on foreign clients, optimism for the public relations industry has been growing among practitioners in South Korea. The demand for public relations services by South Korean companies is increasing with concomitant increase in their understanding of the benefits of public relations. In conclusion, the dialectic interaction between culture-based traditional public relations and changing forces resulting from social and economic democracy lead the next generation of public relations in South Korea. The prospect is more optimistic than pessimistic.
한국인의 집단주의 성향과 귀인 성향, 그리고 위기 커뮤니케이션 수용 간의 관련성
김영욱(Yungwook Kim),박소훈(Sohun Park),차희원(Heewon Cha) 한국언론학회 2004 한국언론학보 Vol.48 No.4
The purpose of this study is to figure out the impact of the collectivism/individualism characteristic and the attributional propensity on the acceptance of crisis-related communications. The study surveyed 150 purposive samples to empirically test the relationships among research variables conceptualized through the literature review. The outcomes showed that the collectivistic characteristic and the attributional predisposition did not have any significant relationships. However, the collectivistic propensity is significantly related to the positive acceptance of crisis-related image restoration communications. People with the higher collectivistic character accepted the accommodative communication strategy more positively and evaluated the defensive communication strategy more negatively. Also the relationship between the attributional propensity and the acceptance of crisis-related image restoration messages was statistically significant. The more people attributed the crisis to the internal problem, the better the accommodative communication strategy was evaluated. The results implied that the Koreans preferred the accommodative communications in general. Other results also showcased the research implications for future study.
언론-소스 간 갈등 해소와 ‘조정’ 기능 강화 장치로서 언론중재제도 연구
김영욱(Yungwook Kim),임유진(Yujin Lim) 한국언론학회 2010 한국언론학보 Vol.54 No.1
This study examines the development and the fundamental purpose of the Press Arbitration System, one of the unique alternative dispute resolution systems in South Korea, with a revision of the system engendered by the internet environment in August, 2009. Among various functions of the Press Arbitration System, the study focuses on the original function of the mediation system in particular, trying to enlarge the chance of fundamental conflict resolution between media and source. Also, the study investigates the level of participants’ satisfaction about the Press Arbitration System in South Korea to examine whether the fundamental meaning of the system has been realized in the Korean situation. Evidence drawn from the surveys indicates that the system was seen as a fast-track alternative to the judicial system in South Korea, rather than its original purpose of conflict resolution. Conclusively, the authors suggest that the South Korean Press Arbitration System needs to focus on more communication-centered process and to reinforce its mediation function in order to enable the system to fulfill its original mandate of helping media and source come to fundamental conflict resolution.
미세먼지 어플리케이션 이용 효과 및 수용 요인에 대한 연구
김영욱 ( Yungwook Kim ),이하나 ( Hannah Lee ),김혜인 ( Haein Kim ),문현지 ( Hyeonji Moon ) 한국PR학회 2017 PR연구 Vol.21 No.4
The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of the app use and to explore the factors affecting the acceptance of a particulate matter app. First, an experiment was conducted to verify the effect of app usage. The study revealed that the participants who used the app made greater efforts to seek information about particulate matter, had stronger prevention intentions, and showed higher level of empowerment than those who did not use the app. Next, we investigated the factors influencing the acceptance of the app, based on the Extended Technology Acceptance Model and the Health Belief Model. As a result, the perceived usefulness had a significant influence on the app acceptance. Also, the perceived severity and subjective norm had significant impacts on improving the perceived usefulness. The results of this study can be used as a risk communication strategy using the particulate matter app.