레이저를 이용한 트렌치 제작 및 응용 연구

최훈국,유동윤,손익부,노영철,김영식,김수용,김완춘,김진봉,Choi, Hun-Kook,Yoo, Dongyoon,Sohn, Ik-Bu,Noh, Young-Chul,Kim, Young-Sic,Kim, Su-yong,Kim, Wan-Chun,Kim, Jin-Bong 한국레이저가공학회 2015 한국레이저가공학회지 Vol.18 No.1

In this paper, micro trench structure is fabricated by femtosecond laser for inserting optical reflecting wavelength filter in planar waveguide. The width and depth of the trench is controlled by femtosecond laser machining condition. Also, large scale of single channel with 500um and 1000um on silica plate is fabricated by femtosecond laser, and roughness of the channel surface is polished by $CO_2$ laser for the insertion of the filter. Then, the characteristic of the planar waveguide inserted the filter is verified.

라이프스타일에 따른 베이커리 카페 선택속성 및 이용행태에 관한 연구 - 20~30대 소비자를 중심으로 -

홍완수,김영식,Hong, Wan-Soo,Kim, Young-Sic 한국식품조리과학회 2012 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.28 No.6

This paper aimed to investigate the influence of consumer lifestyle on consumer selection of bakery cafe attributes. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire by 403 random consumers between the ages 20s and 30s in several bakery cafes in Seoul and Gyonggi area. Different methods of statistical analysis had been used such as frequency analysis, factor analysis, k-means clustering analysis, cross tabulation, one way ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test with SPSS for Window 13.0 package. First, when analyzing the 16 questions of comsumer lifestyles, four factors were extracted: 'dining out-oriented factor', 'achievement-oriented factor', 'brand-oriented factor', and 'health-oriented factor'. Second, the respondents were divided into three groups by k-means cluster analysis: no interest group, dining-out & value oriented group, and health-brand oriented group. Third, consumer's bakery cafe attributes were categorized into five factors including 'food', 'convenience and image', 'store promotion', 'positive dining experience', and 'menu & merchandises'. Finally when analyzing the differences in the selection of bakery cafe attributes according to consumer's lifestyles, it showed a significant differences.

연구논문(硏究論文): 라이프스타일에 따른 베이커리카페 이용행태 및 선택속성에 관한 연구

홍하영( Ha Young Hong ),홍완수( Wan Soo Hong ),박대섭( Dea Seob Park ),김영식( Young Sic Kim ) 한국외식경영학회 2013 외식경영연구 Vol.14 No.4

This study is aimed to examine the kinds of influence that the recent changes of lifestyle has on the attributes of the uses and the selection of bakery cafes. For this study, the self-administered questionnaire was chosen and used as a methodology. The questionnaire was given out to 545 consumers of bakery cafes but of those 506 questionnaires were analyzed after omitting the incompleted ones. All of the data collected for this study was analyzed through frequency analysis, factor analysis, k-means clustering analysis, crosstabluation and ANOVA test with SPSS for Window 13.0 package. The results of the study is as follows: First, when analyzing the 24 categories of selective attribute of a bakery cafe, five factors were extracted: ``food factor,`` ``convenience/ image factor,`` ``marketing factor,`` ``positive experience factor,`` and ``diverse menu factor.`` Second, after doing the cluster analysis on the 20 lifestyle categories, four groups were formed: 1. compound value group, 2. new generation group, 3. trend-oriented group, and 4. health-oriented group. Third, when analyzing the differences in the uses of bakery cafe according to lifestyles, it showed a significant difference: the frequency in the use(p<.05), particular day during the week(p<.001), regular bakery cafe style (p<.001), statical differences in the preferred products in bakery cafes(p<.01). Fourth, when analyzing the differences in the selection of bakery cafe according to lifestyles, it showed a significant difference: food factor (p<.001), convenience and image factor (p<.001), marketing factor (p<.05), and diversity factor (p<.01). In conclusion, the study results showed that there is a difference according to the four lifestyle groups, in the uses and selection, and general attributes. It also suggested the importance of differentiating marketing plans according to different groups.

연구논문(硏究論文): 라이프스타일에 따른 베이커리카페 이용행태 및 선택속성에 관한 연구

홍하영( Ha Young Hong ),홍완수( Wan Soo Hong ),박대섭( Dea Seob Park ),김영식( Young Sic Kim ) 한국외식경영학회 2007 외식경영연구 Vol.10 No.1

This study is aimed to examine the kinds of influence that the recent changes of lifestyle has on the attributes of the uses and the selection of bakery cafes. For this study, the self-administered questionnaire was chosen and used as a methodology. The questionnaire was given out to 545 consumers of bakery cafes but of those 506 questionnaires were analyzed after omitting the incompleted ones. All of the data collected for this study was analyzed through frequency analysis, factor analysis, k-means clustering analysis, crosstabluation and ANOVA test with SPSS for Window 13.0 package. The results of the study is as follows: First, when analyzing the 24 categories of selective attribute of a bakery cafe, five factors were extracted: ``food factor,`` ``convenience/ image factor,`` ``marketing factor,`` ``positive experience factor,`` and ``diverse menu factor.`` Second, after doing the cluster analysis on the 20 lifestyle categories, four groups were formed: 1. compound value group, 2. new generation group, 3. trend-oriented group, and 4. health-oriented group. Third, when analyzing the differences in the uses of bakery cafe according to lifestyles, it showed a significant difference: the frequency in the use(p<.05), particular day during the week(p<.001), regular bakery cafe style (p<.001), statical differences in the preferred products in bakery cafes(p<.01). Fourth, when analyzing the differences in the selection of bakery cafe according to lifestyles, it showed a significant difference: food factor (p<.001), convenience and image factor (p<.001), marketing factor (p<.05), and diversity factor (p<.01). In conclusion, the study results showed that there is a difference according to the four lifestyle groups, in the uses and selection, and general attributes. It also suggested the importance of differentiating marketing plans according to different groups.

Microwave GaAs MESFET의 특성해석 Modeling에 관한 연구

李賢碩(Hyun Seok Lee),林敬文(Kyoung Moon Lim),趙호烈(Ho Yeol Cho),金瑛植(Young Sic Kim),成萬永(Man Young Sung) 대한전기학회 1992 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1992 No.7

Candida 균종의 Fluconazole 감수성 양상 -E test, Broth Microdilution 및 Disk Diffusion법에 대한 검토-

김영식,이희주,이정림,강병기,이우인,길영철,서진태,서환조 대한임상병리학회 2000 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.20 No.1

서열법에 의한 만경강 하천식생의 분석

김영식,김창환,이경보 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.10

CCA (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) was used so as to analyze the relation between vegetation and soil environment of Mankyeong river located in Jeollabuk-do. Vegetation survey consulted 1:5,000 topographical map, set up 30 plot and analyzed from June, 2001, to september, 2001. Plant communities of Mankyeong river was investigated by phytosocialogical method. The species composition of plant communities showed high correlation to soil pH, soil organic matter, P_2O_5, total nitrogen, EC, when they were analyed by CCA. According to the results of CCA hydrophyte communities were distributed in the region that high pH. But the vegetation of disturbed site and wetland plants were distributed in a good nutrients.

2001년부터 2006년까지 지역사회 획득 급성 신우신장염 여성환자의 임상상 및 원인균의 내성 양상

위성헌,장우임,김형욱,김영식,김수영,허지안,김상일,김양리,강문원 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.1

목적 : 급성 신우신장염은 지역사회에서 발생하는 가장 흔한 감염질환 중의 하나이며 균혈증이나 신장농양과 동반될 수 있다. 원인균은 대부분 E. coli이고 여러 항균제에 대한 내성이 효율적인 항균제의 선택에서 중요하며 최근 항균제 내성 양상의 변화는 효율적인 항균제의 선택을 위해 확인해야할 매우 중요한 요소이다. 재료 및 방법 : 2001년 1월부터 2006년 12월까지 가톨릭대학교 수원 성빈센트병원에 급성 신우신장염으로 입원한 16세 이상의 여성 중에서 요 배양에서 요로 감염균이 10^(5)CFU/mL 이상의 집락을 형성한 577명을 대상으로 임상적 특성 및 치료 결과를 조사하였고 검출된 원인균의 각 항균제에 대한 감수성 양상을 확인하고 연도별 변화를 분석하였다. 결과 : 환자들의 평균 연령은 51세였고 신우신장염 환자군 382명, 균혈 증 환자군 161명, 신장농양 환자군 34명으로 구분되었다. 균혈 증 환자군이 신우신장염 환자군에 비해 연령, 초기 체온 및 혈액 C-반응 단백 수치가 더 높았다. 항균제 투여 후 체온이 정상화되는데 걸린 시간은 균혈증 환자군과 신장농양 환자군이 각각 76.4시간과 91.2시간으로 신우신장염 환자군의 44.6시간 보다 길었다. 분리된 554개의 E. coli 균주는 ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, amikacin에 대해 각각 38.3%, 81.3%, 86.3%, 97.3%, 98.7%의 감수성을 보였으며 2001년부터 2006년까지의 연도별 ciprofloxacin에 대한 감수성이 감소하는 추세를 보였다. 결론 : 급성 신우신장염으로 입원한 환자군에서 광범위 β-lactam 항균제나 fluoroquinolone의 사용을 최소화하면서 aminoglycoside 단독요법이나 정주용 2세대 cephalosporin을 초기 경험적 항균제로 사용하고 감수성 결과에 따라 적절한 경구용 전환 항균제를 사용할 수 있었다. 신우신장염, 균혈증 및 신장농양 환자군의 임상적 차이점을 분석하고 원인균의 감수성 결과를 기초로 적절한 항균제를 선택해야하며 분리된 E. coli에서 ciprofloxacin 내성율이 증가하고 있어 지역사회 전체에서 fluoroquinolone계열의 항균제를 더욱 아껴서 사용하는 노력이 요구되고 있다. Background : Acute pyelonephritis in women is one of the most common infections within the community; some patients also suffer from related bacteremia and renal abscess. The predominant pathogen in acute pyelonephritis is Escherichia coli and the changes in antimicrobial resistance over time is a very important factor in the choice of effective and economic antibiotics. Materials and Methods:We investigated clinical features and antibiotic sensitivities of 577 organisms isolated from the urine cultures of 577 patients, admitted to Catholic University St Vincent's Hospital for community-acquired acute pyelonephritis from January 2001 to December 2006. We analyzed the patterns of antimicrobial resistance of urinary isolates and the clinical courses of the patients. Results : Patients demographics revealed a mean age of 51, (age:16 to 91), with bacteremic patients representing 30.8% of patients and renal abscess patients representing 5.9% of the group. Sixteen (4.2%) of 382 in the pyelonephritis group and five (3.1%) of 161 in the bacteremia group revealed clinical manifestations of therapeutic failure such as persistent fever and pyuria. The mean time to defervescence was 44.6 h for the pyelonephritis group, 76.4 h for the bacteremia group and 91.2 h for the renal abscess group. Among the 577 isolates, 554 isolates were E. coli, 10 were K. pneumoniae, three were S. saprophyticus, three were Proteus mirabilis. two were K. oxytoca, and two were Enterobacter aerogenes. Among 554 E. coli, the rates of susceptibility to ampicillin was 38.3%; to sulfamethoxazole 62.1%; to gentamicin 81.3%; to ciprofloxacin 86.3%; to cefuroxime 97.3%; to amikacin 98.7%; to cefotaxime 99.5%. Conclusion : In hospitalized patients, initial intravenous treatment with an aminoglycoside or a second -generation cephalosporin, and then switch to oral first, second-cephalosporin, amoxicillin and sulfamethoxazole is recommended. In vitro resistance to fluoroquinolones appears to be increasing, and therefore close monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility patterns in isolates of urinary tract infections and the use of fluoroquinolone-sparing agents are required.

Methicillin 내성 포도구규의 mecA femA 및 항균제 내성에 관한 연구

이희주,김영식,김지수,조용현,이광길,서진태,차성호 대한임상병리학회 2001 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.21 No.1