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      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Regulatory Mechanism of L-Alanine Dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis

        김수자,김유진,서미란,전봉숙,Kim, Su Ja,Kim, Yu Jin,Seo, Mi Ran,Jeon, Bong Suk Korean Chemical Society 2000 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.21 No.12

        L-alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis exhibits allosteric kinetic properties in the presence of $ZN^{2+}$. $ZN^{2+}$ induces the binding of substrate (L-alanine) to be cooperative at pH 8.0. The effect of pH variation between pH 7.0 and pH 10.0 on the inhibition by $ZN^{2+}$ correlates with the pH effect on the $K_m$ values for L-alanine within these pH range indicating that $ZN^{2+}$ and substrate compete for the same site. No such cooperativity is induced by $ZN^{2+}$ when the reaction is carried out at pH 10. At this higher pH, $ZN^{2+}$ binds with the enzyme with lower affinity and noncompetitive with respect to L-alanine. Inhibition of L-alanine dehydrogenase by $ZN^{2+}$ depends on the ionic strength. Increase in KCI concentration reduced the inhibition, but allosteric property in $ZN^{2+}$ binding is conserved. A model for the regulatory mechanism of L-alanine dehydrogenase as a noncooperative substrate-cooperative cofactor allosteric enzyme, which is compatible in both concerted and the sequential allosteric mechanism, is proposed.

      • SCIESCOPUSKCI등재

        Dihydropyridine Dinucleotide ( NADH ) 와 탈수소 효소의 결합 반응에 관한 연구

        김수자,이현재 ( Soo Ja Kim,Hyun Jae Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회 1976 BMB Reports Vol.9 No.1

        The L-α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase-catalyzed reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate was studied to investigate the properties of NADHdehydrogenase complex. A series of oxidized coenzyme (NAD) competitive inhibitors were employed for the study of inhibition on the reverse reaction of NAD-linked dehydrogenase systems. Inhibition by adenosine derivatives and carboxylic acids was competitive with respect to NADH, and by N¹-alkylnicotinamide chlorides and n-alkyl-ammonium chlorides was non-competitive with respect to the reduced coenzyme. The dihydronicotinamide ring of NADH was demonstrated not to interact with the pyridinium ring region, but was proposed to interact with the hydrophobic region instead.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Inactivation Study of Pyridine-Linked Dehydrogenases by $N^1$-Alkylnicotinamide Chlorides

        김수자,이현재,Kim Soo-Ja,Lee Hyun Jae Korean Chemical Society 1976 대한화학회지 Vol.20 No.5

        A series of $N^1$-alkylnicotinamide chlorides, $N^1$-methyl-to $N^1$-dodecylnicotinamides inclusive were studied with rabbit muscle L-${\alpha}$-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase to investigate the possibility of reversible and irreversible inactivation of the pyridine-linked dehydrogenases by the coenzyme-competitive inhibitor derivatives. The inhibition of the enzyme by $N^1$-alkylnicotinamide chlorides was demonstrated to be reversible at the dilute concentration of the inhibitors but this reversible inhibition was found to be followed by an irreversible time-dependent inactivation measuable at high concentrations of the inhibitors. The properties of this time-dependent inactivation were discussed on the basis of the denaturation of the enzyme by the binding of small micelle-like structures formed at higher concentrations of the inhibitors. Pyridine관여 탈수소 효소는 $N^1$-alkylnicotinamide chloride 유도체에 의하여 저해 작용을 받고 있는 바 저해제이 농도 변화에 따른 효소 저해작용이 가역 또는 비가역 불활성화 반응에 기인하는지의 여부를 밝혀 보기 위하여 토끼 근육으로 부터 유리한 L-${\alpha}$-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase를 사용하여 연구하였다. 이 효소의 저해작용은 상용한 저해제 유도체의 농도가 희박했을 경우 가역적인 효소저해 반응을 보여주고 있으나 저해제의 농도가 증가함에 따라 점차 비가역적인 효소 불활성화로서 나타남을 알았으며 이러한 비가역 불활성화 반응은 저해제의 농도가 증가함에 따라 형성될 수 있는 micelle 구조의 미세분자와의 결합에 의한 효소의 변성에 기인할 것이라고 결론을 얻었다.

      • KCI등재

        김애식의 음악 교육인으로의 성장과 ‘기독교 가정’ 형성

        김수자 ( Kim Soo Ja ) 이화여자대학교 이화사학연구소 2021 梨花史學硏究 Vol.- No.63

        Through Kim Ae-sik, this study examined the process of establishment of women's vocational college and the growth of professional female intellectuals from the end of Chosun Dynasty to the Japanese colonial period. She paid attention to the new life improvement in the Western-style that she emphasized. The Woman's Foreign Missionary Society (WFMS) of the North Methodist Church in the United States recognized '“educational activities as the key to social progress” and focused on the educational missionary work for Korean women. The female missionaries dispatched to Korea tried to meet the conditions set forth by the Japanese Government-General of Korea in order for Ewha Hakdang to be approved as a higher education institution. It can be said that the purpose of their efforts was to promote the growth of Ewha Hakdang graduates into professional women through higher education. It was also for the stable operation of the Ewha Hakdang and further positive influence of Christian missionary work in Korea. Those who fit into these activities were the first graduates of Ewha Hakdang college in 1910. Kim Ae-sik, Shin Masila, and Lee Hwa-sook had Christian educational ideology and received higher education of missionaries. In particular, Kim Ae-sik was a person who studied abroad in Japan and the United States with support in line with the reorganization plan of Ewha Hakdang into Ewha College. She was also the first Korean to receive a official degree of western music education in United States. After returning to Korea, she served as the first dean of the Department of Music and laid the foundation of music education at Ewha. On the other hand, she married Jeong Il-sa, a Korean with United Sates’ citizenship, and established a “Christian family,” showing an active attitude to promote a new life in the Western-style.

      • KCI등재

        한국형도형심리 양육태도 척도 개발 연구

        김수자 ( Kim Su Ja ) 아시아문화학술원 2017 인문사회 21 Vol.8 No.1

        한국형도형심리 양육태도 척도란, 한국형도형심리유형에 대한 이론을 바탕으로 우리나라의 양육자들이 아동을 양육하는데 있어서 어려움을 겪고 있는 데에 따른 사람이 가지고 있는 성격 유형의 다름을 이해하고, 각 유형별 아동들에 대한 양육자의 태도를 알게 함으로써 보다 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 개발된 양육태도 척도이다. 양육자의 성격 유형을 알아보기 위한 검사 도구는 한국형도형심리 유형 검사지(김재진·김수자, 2014)를 사용하였다. 본 연구에서의 시사점은 한국형도형심리 양육태도 척도를 통해 양육자의 기질과 성격적 특성을 파악하여 발전시켜 건강한 자아를 형성하게 하고, 아동들의 장점들을 지지하고 격려함으로써 정서적, 인지적, 심리적 측면에서도 안정감을 줄 수 있으며, 양육자와 아동간의 의사소통에 있어서도 잘 할 수 있도록 해주는 도구로 사용될 수 있다. 척도의 타당성과 신뢰성을 분석한 결과 매우 의의 있는 것으로 분석되어 부모 교육, 가족 상담, 아동들의 진로 지도 등에 많은 도움을 줄 것이다. 양육자와 아동 서로의 이해를 통해, 의사소통에도 많은 도움을 주고, 상호 간의 관계 형성에 도움을 줄 것이며, 건강하고 행복한 삶에도 영향을 줄 것이다. 한계점과 향후 연구 과제는, 척도를 개발하면서 도형에 대한 연구 논문의 수와 참고 문헌의 부족 등으로 인한 연구 과정에서의 어려움이 많았으며, 이 분야에 대한 후속 연구는, 초기 아동기 시절의 양육자와의 관계와 소통, 사회 경험 등을 고려하여 성장기 아동들의 특성에 맞는 도구에 대해 연구를 확대하여 개발할 필요가 있고, 연구 대상자들의 표본을 가능한 전국으로 확대시켜 척도를 표준화 한다면 더욱 더 유용한 도구로 발전시킬 수 있을 것이다. 후속 연구로는 성장하는 아동들의 성격적 특성을 알 수 있는 도구와 아이들의 진로, 청소년 리더십 등이 개발된다면, 본 척도와 더불어 좋은 도구가 될 것이다. 특히, 도형심리 유형별 리더십, 인성 교육, 학교생활 적응, 직무 특성, 직업 흥미, 진로 탐색 등의 프로그램과 연계시켜 청소년들의 진로와 더불어 자신을 건강하고 행복한 삶으로 안내하는 것은 물론 자신을 이해해 나갈 수 있는 도구로 더욱 발전시킴으로써 다면적 성격 특성에 관한 연구를 진행시켜야 할 것이다. Korean Geometry Psychology Child-rearing Attitude Scale is a measure of parenting attitude which is developed to easily understand the difference of human personality types according to the difficulty that caregivers of Korea have in raising children based on the theory of Korean geometry psychology types, and to understand the attitude of caregivers to the children by the type. The Korean Geometry Psychology Type Inventory(Kim Jae-jin & Kim Soo-ja, 2014) was used in this study to examine the personality type of caregivers. The implication of this study is that it can be used as a tool to give a sense of security and to do well in communication between caregivers and children by identifying and developing the temperament and personality characteristics of the caregiver to form a healthy self, and supporting and encouraging the merits of children through the Korean Geometry Psychology Child-rearing Attitude Scale. As a result of analyzing the validity and reliability of the scale, it is analyzed to be very meaningful, and it will help parents` education, family counseling, and career guidance of children. Through mutual understanding between caregivers and children, it will help the communication, help the mutual relationship, and affect the healthy and happy life. Limitations and future research tasks in this study are that there were difficulties in the research process due to the lack of the number of research studies on geometry and the reference literature while developing the scale, and follow-up studies in this field will need to expand and develop research into tools that match the characteristics of growing children, taking into account the relationship with caregivers in the early childhood, communication, and social experience. And, if the sample of the subjects is expanded to the whole country as possible and standardized the scale, it will become more useful tool. Subsequent research would be a good tool, along with this scale, if tools to understand the personality traits of growing children, children`s career, and youth leadership are developed. Especially, researches on multiphasic personality characteristics should be conducted by connecting with programs such as leadership by the geometry psychology type, personality education, adaptation of school life, job characteristics, job interest, career search, etc. to guide adolescents to healthy and happy life along with their career path, and continuing to be developed as a tool to understand themselves.

      • KCI등재

        논문 : 재한일본인처의 경계인으로서의 삶과 기억의 재구성

        김수자 ( Soo Ja Kim ) 이화사학연구소 2013 梨花史學硏究 Vol.0 No.46

        This study focused on reconstructing lives of Japanese wives, who have lived as boundary people in Korea through their “oral messages.” Based on the data of oral communication, this study selected direct delivery method conveying messages by their own words. In history, Japanese Wives in Korea can be classified by three major types. As the first Japanese wives type, they got married Korean people during Japanese colonial era in Japan, came to Korea around 1945 and they were the main portion of Japanese wives. Second, Japanese wives had come to Korea before 1945, and married Korean staying at continuously. At last, Japanese women in Manchuria of China were united Korean husband on returning progress to Mother land by defeat of Japan in Second World War and they remained in Korea. In 1945 Japanese losing on war, Japanese Wives in Korea had come to husbands` home town with their man in spite of their family and relatives` opposition. They have said their Korean life was a hard and tough journey from that moment. When they had come to Korea from Japan, they feared about coming to an undeveloped country. They had difficulties in accepting and adapting to Korean obsolete culture and habit on their sights. Especially on language, toilet, bathing, foods, and other general life style, they couldn`t understand the Korean things which were mysterious to them. By tension on the blockage of communication with fear and horror at the strange country, the Japanese wives have severely cowered on their mind. On suspense and psychologically shrinkage mind, they couldn`t have easily accepted or allowed Korean cultures. On a strange Korean life, there was one more difficulty to Japanese wives caused by their husband`s attitudes different from Japan. Korean husbands, in a few days after arriving in Korea, had beaten their Japanese wives and tortured their wives on physically and mentally. After colonial era, Korean had have negative images on Japan all over the society. Although Japanese wives have accepted Korean`s anti-Japanese sentiment of Korean people, “which could be occurred on colonial Korean people,” they have hurted on their self-esteem by continuous disdain and contempt of korean people toward Japanese. Until nowadays, Japanese wives live in Korea as boundary people, who is neither Japanese nor Korean. They have lived together with Korean about 70 years while experiencing political and economical rise and fall at Korean contemporary history. Although they have companied with Korean people on uneven historical situation, they have suffered on getting Korean citizenship and still recognized as a marginal citizen.

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