객체지향 패러다임에서 저해요인에 기반한 응집도 척도

김성애,최완규,이성주,Kim, Sung-Ae,Choi, Wan-Kyoo,Lee, Sung-Joo 한국정보처리학회 2000 정보처리논문지 Vol.7 No.11

객체지향 패러다임에서 응집도가 높은 클래스들은 단 하나의 데이터 요소만이 정의되고 모든 메소드(또는 연산)들이 그 데이터 요소 상에서 수행되거나, 메소드와 데이터 요소간에 최대연결이 이루어진 클래스이다. 따라서 데이터 요소의 증가와 최대연결을 저해하는 연산들은 클래스의 응집을 저해하는 주 요인들이다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 저해요인들에 근거하여, 응집도에 관한 우리의 직관과 더욱 일치하는 측정을 할 수 있는 새로운 클래스 응집도 척도인 CM(Cohesion Metric)을 제안하였다. 본 연구에서는 응집도를 저해하는 요인의 식별을 위해 참조 그래프(reference graph)를 이용하고, 참조 그래프의 분석을 기초로 하여 클래스의 응집도를 측정하였다. 또한 제한된 CM 측정값이 응집도 척도가 만족해하는 특성들을 만족함을 보였고, 기존 응집도 척도들과의 비교평가를 통해서 CM이 기존의 척도들보다 향상된 측정을 제시함을 보였다.

치위생과 학생들의 학업관련 특성에 따른 방사선안전관리 교육 후방사선 방어에 대한 지식과 태도의 변화

김성애 ( Sung Ae Kim ),이지영 ( Ji Young Lee ),황세현 ( Se Hyun Hwang ),조미숙 ( Mi Suk Cho ),박정현 ( Jung Hyun Park ),정남영 ( Nam Yeong Jung ),유병철 ( Byeng Chul Yu ) 한국치위생학회 2015 한국치위생학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the knowledge and attitude towards radiation protection after radiation safety management education in dental hygiene students. Methods: After receiving informed consents, a self-reported questionnaire was carried out for 135 dental hygiene students in Busan on June 17 for preliminary survey and September 3 for post-education survey, 2011. The questionnaire was modified from Han and consisted of 5 questions of general characteristics, 6 questions of radiation use, 7 questions of scholastic characteristics, 15 questions of knowledge towards radiation safety management, and 15 questions of attitude towards radiation safety management. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.808 in the knowledge towards radiation safety management. Attitude towards radiation safety management included 15 questions of general attitude towards radiation safety management, individual and patient, and attitude toward radiation exposure reduction measured by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.970 in the attitude towards radiation safety management. Data were analyzed using SAS version 9.2 for educational analysis, technical analysis and multivariate analysis, paired t-test, and GLM. Results: Significant differences were shown in the knowledge and attitudes towards radiation safety management; the level of knowledge was respectively 9.8±3.0 and 12.9±1.9 points before and after education, and the level of attitude was 4.28±0.51 and 4.53±0.47 before and after the education. The levels of knowledge and attitude according to general characteristics showed a significant differences in grade and academic results. Post-education survey suggested that the education is very important and necessary and can change the knowledge and attitude towards radiation safety management in the dental hygiene students. Conclusions: Through the radiation safety management education, the levels of knowledge and attitude towards radiation safety management have changed significantly, which showed that the radiation safety management education proved to be very effective. Therefore, an effective radiation safety management education program is necessary to improve the levels of knowledge and attitude towards radiation safety management in the dental hygiene students.

Investigating the Effect of Group Translation Activity on High School EFL Students with Different TL Proficiency

김성애(Sung Ae Kim) 한국영어어문교육학회 2015 영어어문교육 Vol.21 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of group translation activity on high school EFL students with different TL proficiency. For that purpose the study conducted an experiment with 60 high school students, using group translation as the classroom activity. In the group translation activity the students formed groups of six and cooperatively translated a cartoon written in Korean into English. In order to examine whether the activity affects students with different TL proficiency differently, the study divided the participants into three proficiency groups and their performances in the pre-test and post-test were compared. In order to measure whether students of different proficiency groups have different attitudes toward the activity their responses to five relevant items in a questionnaire were analyzed. For in-depth information about students' attitudes toward the activity an interview was also conducted with 12 participants. According to the result, group translation activity had different effects on students with different TL proficiencies, with a more positive effect on the lower-proficiency students. However, it was found that higher-proficiency students tended to have more positive attitudes toward the activity. Based on the result, the study concludes that group translation activity can be a useful means to teach beginner writing.

영어교과서의 문화내용과 문화지도에 관한 교사의 의견 분석

김성애 ( Sung Ae Kim ) 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2011 교사교육연구 Vol.50 No.1

The aim of this study is to call for a proper cultural instruction to meet the needs in the era of English as a lingua franca, The data collected for the aim of the study were the high school English teachers` responses in a written interview and the materials and activities for cultural understanding in four high school English conversation textbooks. A qualitative analysis was conducted, focusing on the problems/difficulties the English teachers face in dealing with the target culture and on the weaknesses of the textbooks for proper cultural instruction. Based on the result obtained, the study argues that in order to help the students communicate successfully enough with the people from different cultural backgrounds, the cultural instruction in the English classes should be based on the new conception that English today is the property of the whole world. In addition, the study also argues that unless the contextual factors are taken into consideration, no materials and activities in the textbook can bring about the intended result. Some suggestions are made to improve the cultural instruction in the Korean context.

유아에 대한 양육자의 애착, 유아의 정서조절 능력 및 공격성간의 관계

김성애(Sung Ae Kim),박성연(Seong Yeon Park) 한국아동학회 2009 아동학회지 Vol.30 No.1

This study examined relationships between caregivers' attachment, young children's emotion regulation, and aggression. Subjects were 110 institutionalized and 105 home-reared children (M=3.8 and 4.2 years, respectively). Data were collected from children's caregivers via questionnaires and analyzed by ANOVA, correlations, and hierarchical regressions. Results showed that (1) caregivers' attachment and the emotion regulation and aggression of institutionalized children were significantly different from those of home-reared children; (2) caregiver's attachment was positively related to emotion regulation for both institutionalized and home-reared children; (3) for institutional children, negative relationships between attachment and aggression was found for girls; negative relationships between emotion regulation and aggression was found for boys. These findings underscore negative effects of institutionalized care on children's socio-emotional behaviors.

객체지향 패러다임에서 저해용인에 기반한 응집도 척도

김성애(Sung Ae Kim),최완규(Wan Kyoo Choi),이성주(Sung Joo Lee) 한국정보처리학회 2000 정보처리학회논문지 Vol.7 No.11

In object-oriented paradigm, highly cohesive classes define only a data factor(instance variable) whose all methods(or operations) refer to, or have the maximum connection among elements in a class. Therefore, an increase in the number of the data factors, and the operations to obstruct the maximum connection among elements in a class are the main factors to decrease the class cohesion. In this paper, we propose a new measure, called CM(Cohesion Measure), which can measure the class cohesion more consistently with our intuition on the basis of factors to decrease it. We use the reference graph in order to find the decreasing factors of the class cohesion, and measure the class cohesion on the basis of analysis of the domain reference graph. We also show that the proposed CM metrics satisfy the properties that the cohesion measures should satisfy, and that it can provide more upgraded measures than the existing measures through comparing it with the measures of existing cohesion.

주니어 로봇 교육을 위한 K-동화 기반 공학 문제 개발

김성애(Sung-ae Kim),박주연(Ju-yeon Park) 한국정보통신학회 2024 한국정보통신학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구는 역사적으로나 오늘날에 적합한 바람직한 인성 함양을 위해 민족 전통과 가치에 뿌리를 둔 교육의 중요성을 강조합니다. 본 연구는 전통 전래동화를 기반으로 한 K-동화를 중심으로 로봇과 문제해결을 융합합니다. 선정기준은 선행연구를 통해 설정하였고, 접근방법으로 K-동화공학을 선택하였고, 설정된 요구사항에 따른 문제식별과 후속 해결방법의 시뮬레이션을 통해 문제해결 과정을 진행하여 타당성을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과와 방법론은 향후 주니어 공학교육을 위한 K-동학 기반의 로봇 교육 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초 연구를 제공할 것이다. This study emphasizes the importance of incorporating education rooted in national traditions and values to cultivate desirable character traits, relevant both historically and today. Focusing on K-fairy tales, which are based on traditional fairy tales this research integrates problem-solving with robot education. Criteria for selection were established from previous studies, and K-fairy tale engineering was chosen as the approach. The problem-evaluation through problem identification based on set requirements and subsequent simulation of solutions to confirm their validity. The findings and methodology of this study will provide foundational research for developing a robot education program based on K-fairy tales for junior engineering education in the future.

토픽모델링을 활용한 초·중등 인공지능 교육 관련 연구 동향 분석에 따른 기술교육의 방향과 과제

김성애(Sung-ae Kim) 한국기술교육학회 2021 한국기술교육학회지 Vol.21 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 토픽모델링 기법을 활용하여 초·중등 인공지능 교육 관련 연구 동향을 분석함으로써 기술교육의 방향과 과제를 제안하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 한국연구재단 등재(후보)지에 게재된 총 145편의 논문 정보를 수집하였으며 제목, 논문초록, 주제어를 대상으로 LDA 기반 토픽모델링을 수행하여 초·중등 인공지능 교육 관련 연구 동향을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 총 3개의 토픽이 비중 있게 다루어졌으며 이는 ‘인공지능 교육과 관련된 기초·기반 연구’, ‘인공지능 기술 자체를 교육하는 분야’, ‘교육용 도구로서 인공지능 기술을 활용하는 분야’로 명명 할 수 있다. 둘째, 최근 연구가 활성화되고 있는 토픽은 ‘인공지능 기술 자체를 교육하는 분야’였으며 주로 소프트웨어 교육과 관련된 분야였으며 정보교육에서 주로 연구되고 있었다. 이는 실제 인공지능 교육이 다양한 분야에 활용되고 있는 점을 감안할 때 소프트웨어에만 국한된 연구의 편향성이 나타나는 것으로서 균형적인 연구가 요구된다. 셋째, 모든 토픽의 주요 키워드로 ‘기술’이 포함되고 있었으나 기술교육과 관련된 연구는 매우 적었다. 또한, 영어, 사회, 도덕, 미술에 이르기까지 다양한 교과에서 인공지능 교육과 관련된 연구가 이어지고 있었으며 교과의 특성을 잘 반영하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 통해 제안된 기술교육의 방향과 과제는 다음과 같다. 초·중등 학생에게 기술적 소양을 함양시키기 위해 제 4차 산업혁명의 핵심기술인 인공지능 기술을 기술 교과에서도 적극 도입하여 학문적 토대부터 현장 교육에 이르기까지 활발하게 연구되어야 한다. 또한 기술수업의 특성을 반영하여 기술과 교과목 특성을 살린 연구가 활발하게 이루어져야 한다. 또한, 3가지 주요 키워드가 모두 인공지능 교육 발전에 이바지하는 바가 큰 만큼 인공지능 기술 자체를 교육하는 것에만 치우치지 말고 다양한 교과에서 균형 잡힌 교육이 이루어질 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다. 이와 함께 초·중등 학생들이 인공지능 기술에 대한 기술적 소양을 함양할 수 있도록 차기 교육과정에서 인공지능 교육과 관련된 기술과의 체계적인 논의와 합의가 이루어져야 할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to derive implications for technology education by analyzing research trends related to artificial intelligence education in elementary and secondary schools using topic modeling techniques. To this end, information on a total of 145 articles published in the Korea Research Foundation s registered (candidate) papers was collected, and LDA-based topic modeling was performed for the title, thesis abstract, and the subject word, and the results of analyzing the research trends are as follows. First, a total of three topics were heavily treated, which can be analyzed as fields using artificial intelligence technology as educational tools , fields that educate artificial intelligence technology itself , and basic research related to artificial intelligence education . Second, the topic of active research in recent years was ‘The field of education of artificial intelligence technology , and it is mainly studied in information education, so there is concern about bias in research. Balanced research is required as the field of education for artificial intelligence technology itself and the field of education using artificial intelligence as a tool in 2020 are balanced. Third, Technology was included as the main keyword of all topics, but research related to technology education was very poor. In addition, studies related to artificial intelligence education were being conducted in various subjects ranging from English, society, morality, and art, and it was characterized by well reflecting the characteristics of the subject. The implications for technical education through the results of this study were as follows. In order to cultivate technological literacy in elementary and secondary students, artificial intelligence technology, the core technology of the 4th industrial revolution, should be actively studied in the technology subject, and research utilizing the characteristics of the subject should be actively conducted. In addition, as all three key keywords contribute greatly to the development of artificial intelligence education, it is necessary to ensure that a balanced education can be achieved without being biased toward education of artificial intelligence technology itself. This should lead to in-depth discussions related to artificial intelligence education in the next curriculum so that elementary and secondary students can cultivate technological literacy for artificial intelligence technology.

일반교육 현장에서의 특수교육대상자 인권 보장을 위한 교사의 과제

김성애(Kim, Sung Ae) 한독교육학회 2011 교육의 이론과 실천 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구에서는 특수교육대상자의 인권에 관한 핵심 내용과 그에 따른 교사의 과제를 인권이론들과 국제인권조약 차원에서 담론하고자 한다. 본 연구의 구체적인 목적은 다음과 같다: 첫째, 특수교육대상자가 보장받아야 할 인권을 살펴본다. 둘째, 국제인권조약에서 본 특수교육대상자 인권의 핵심어를 알아본다. 셋째, 특수교육대상자 인권에 대한 교사의 과제를 탐색한다. 이에 연구자는 특수교육대상자의 인권에 관한 교사의 과제를 다음과 같이 제안한다: 특수교육대상자가 일반학급의 자격 있는 구성원으로 존중받을 수 있도록 교사는 구성원 간의 공동의 삶을 고려하는 당위성을 도덕적 차원에서 찾아야 할 것이다. 또한 교사는 특수교육대상자의 인권을 위하여 개인적인 이기적 입장을 버리고 도덕적 입장을 취하여야 한다. 그리고 교사가 학생의 인권을 생각한다는 것은 교사의 ‘가르침’이 도덕적 차원에 근거한다는 것이다. 그렇지만 이러한 차원의 인권은 구체적이고 의식적인 행동방안으로 발전되어야 한다. 그것을 위하여 교사는 학생과의 관계성을 지속적으로 유지해야 한다. The purpose of this study is to identify the core human rights of students with special educational needs and emerging issues related with teachers task for ensuring their students with special educational needs. In this discourse, to do this, this study investigated the human rights of students with special educational needs from the review of theories of human right and analyzed out keywords from reviewing the contents of the the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , the Declaration of the Rights of the Children , and the Convention on the Rights of the Person with Disabilities . Based on the these review, I suggest the teachers s task on ensuring the human rights of students with special educational needs in general education settings of Korea as followings. First, teacher must make own efforts to find out some profit appropriateness, which students with special educational needs is able to be respected as a fully qualified member in the classroom. To achieve this goal, teachers should be a reflective thinker to find out rationale of ensuring inclusive and cooperative school community in terms of an ethical perspective . And also, teacher should discard his/her own personal-selfish position, rather need to take a stand on morality. What teacher considers on human rights of his/her student should be coming from the morality and justice about human rights. More importantly, these teachers personal practical theories must be transformed into real teaching practice and teachers need to recognize that this task is only possibly achieved through the authentic relationship with the students with special educational needs which requires the teachers consistent efforts to reflective practioner of educating students with special educational needs.

누리과정 해설서와 교사용 지침서에 나타난 윤리적 특성 및 발달지체 유아의 교육적 의미 고찰

김성애(Kim, Sung Ae) 한독교육학회 2013 교육의 이론과 실천 Vol.18 No.1

이 연구는 누리과정 해설서 총론 중 누리과정 목적 및 목표, 구성방향, 각론 5개 영역의 내용 범주에 따르는 내용 및 세부내용에 따른 해설서와 교사용 지침서를 가지고 그 안에 있는 윤리의 내용 및 특성을 파악하고, 이것이 발달지체 유아의 교육에 시사 하는 바를 고찰한다. 연구 내용은 첫째, 누리과정에서 윤리적 특성 및 내용을 확인하기 위한 이론적 근거를 고찰한다. 둘째, 5세 누리과정 해설서 및 교사용 지침서에 나타난 윤리적 특성 및 내용을 확인한다. 셋째, 5세 누리과정 해설서 및 교사용 지침서에 나타난 윤리적 특성 및 내용이 발달지체 유아에게 주는 교육적 의미를 고찰한다. 연구 결과, 5세 누리과정의 저변 에 윤리적 태도 형성 요인들이 깔려 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 그 중에서도 사회관계 영역은 나-너-사회국가-세계 차원의 관계성 및 공동체 형성을 위해 반드시 필요한 윤리적 성격 및 내용으로 풍성히 짜여 있음을 볼 수 있다. 그러한 교육적 내용은 단순히 ‘가르칠 내용’ 뿐 아니라 교육 환경의 윤리적 분위기 형성도 강조되어 있었다. 발달지체 유아에게 윤리적 태도를 형성해 나갈 수 있도록 하기 위해서는 윤리적 분위기를 조성하는 것이 중요하다고 할 것이다. The Study has been implemented to identify contents of the moral education in the manual & guild book of 5 years old-Nuri Curriculum based on the theories moral related. The purpose of the Study are described, as follow: First, Describing of the theoretical background in terms of moral & ethic. Second, Identifying the contents and characters relation of moral & ethic through the theoretical background in the manual & guide book of Nuri Curriculum. Third, Describing educational meaning for young children with developmental delayed based on the contents and characters of moral & ethic in the Nuri-Curriculum. The result of the study shows that 5 years old-Nuri Curriculum has lots of contents for moral & ethic in the five areas. Specially, Social-Relation areas of the Curriculum has the abundance of moral characters, such as the relationship and community in the dimension of I-You-Society-Nation. The contents stressed on not only just the contents, it should be taught, but also making atmosphere for encouraging moral education.