해창<SUP>海窓</SUP> 송기식<SUP>宋基植</SUP>의 현실인식과 대응방략의 변화

김순석(Kim, Sun-seok) 한국국학진흥원 2020 국학연구 Vol.0 No.42

송기식은 1878년 경북 안동에서 태어나 일제강점기를 살다가 1949년 세상을 떠난 유교개혁론자이며, 독립운동가이며, 교육자이다. 유교는 조선의 지배 이데올로기였던 까닭에 한말까지도 사회전반에 큰 영향력을 미치고 있었다. 그렇지만 문호개방 이후 밀려든 서구 문명 앞에서 유림의 대응 방략은 무력하기만 하였고, 유교는 구시대의 유물로 인식되어 개혁의 대상으로 인식되기도 하였다. 유교개혁론자들은 대부분 유교의 긍정적인 측면들을 이해하고 유교를 근본으로 삼고 서구 사상으로 그 단점을 보완하려 한 사람들이 많았다. 송기식 또한 그런 개혁론자 가운데 한 사람이었다. 송기식은 처음부터 유교개혁론자는 아니었고, 초기에는 위정척사계열의 유학자였다. 1895년 ‘명성황후 시해사건’을 규탄하는 의병이 일어났을 때 19세의 나이로 의병장 김도화 아래서 서기로 종군하였다. 이후 김흥락과 사제의 인연을 맺고, 퇴계 학맥의 주류를 계승한 그는 평생 두 가지 과제를 해결하고자 노력하였다. 그 하나는 상실된 국권을 회복하는 것이었고, 다른 하나는 세력을 상실하였던 유교를 부흥하는 일이었다. 송기식은 1895년 의병에 참가한 다음 1909년 이상룡이 대한협회안동지 회장이 되자 애국계몽운동에 나섰다. 이 무렵 송기식은 이상룡과 긴밀한 협의 끝에 봉양서숙을 설립하여 교육사업에 투신하게 된다. 그가 이렇듯 위정척사파에서 애국계몽운동가로 전환하게 된 계기는 서구 사상을 소개한 민주주의와 자유주의, 시민사상이 담긴 책들을 섭렵하였고, 이상룡의 권유가 큰 역할을 하였다. 그는 1919년 3.1운동이 발발하였다는 소식을 접하고 안동의 협동학교‧동화학교‧보문의숙‧봉양서숙 등의 학생들을 규합하여 만세 시위에 앞장섰다. 그 결과 그는 현장에서 체포되어 안동 옥사에 투옥되었고, 이후 대구 감옥으로 이감되어 있다가 다시 경성 감옥으로 옮겨졌다. 1920년 영친왕의 가례를 맞아 석방된 그는 출옥한 이듬해 유교혁신에 관한 생각들을 정리하여 『유교유신론』을 발간하였다. 1932년 송기식은 경성유교회 안순환으로부터 녹동서원 명교강습소 교수직으로 위촉받아 유교의 종교화운동에 참여하게 된다. 본고는 송기식이 어떤 계기를 통하여 사상적 전환이 일어났으며, 그것이 어떤 행동양식의 변화로 이어졌는지에 대한 연구이다. Song Ki-sik was born in Andong, Gyeongsangbuk-do in 1878, lived under the Japanese Colonial period and passed away after liberation. He was an independence activist and educator. Since Confucianism was the dominant ideology of Joseon, it had a great influence on society as a whole. Nevertheless, in the face of Western civilization, which was pushed out after the opening of the door, Confucian Scholar countermeasures were helpless, and Confucianism was recognized as a relic of the old days and the object of reform. Many Confucian reformers tried to understand the positive aspects of Confucianism, make Confucianism the basis, and try to make up for the shortcomings with Western ideas. Song Ki-sik was one of those reformists. Song Ki-sik was not a Confucian reformer from the beginning, but was a Conservative Confucian scholar. In 1895, at the age of 19, he joined the army under Kim Do-hwa. Since then, Kim Heung-Rak has a relationship with teacher and discipleship. Song Ki-shik, who succeeded the mainstream of Toegye, tried to solve two problems. One was to restore lost sovereignty, and the other was to revive Confucianism, which at that time lost power. Song Ki-sik participated in Voluntary army in 1895, and then in 1909, when Lee Sang-ryong became the chairman of Andong branch the Korean Association, he started the Patriot Enlightenment Movement. Around this time, Song Ki-sik established Bongyang Seosuk after close consultation with Lee Sang-ryong and started his business in education. The reason for his transition from Conservative Confucian scholar to patriotic enlightenment activists was through books on democracy, liberalism and civil ideology that introduced Western ideas, and Lee Sang-ryong’s invitation played a big role. When he heard of the outbreak of the March 1st Movement in 1919, he led students of Hyupdong schools, Donghwa School, Bomun Uisuk, and Bongyang Seosuk. As a result, he was arrested at the scene and imprisoned in Andong"s prison, then moved to Daegu jail and then moved back to Gyeongsung jail. In 1920, he was released on the rite of King Young Chin. The following year, he wrote Confucianism Reformed Theory and summarized his thoughts on Confucian innovation. In 1932, Song Ki-sik was appointed as a professor at Nokdongseowon Myeonggyo Campus by Ahn Sun-hwan from Kyungsung Confucian Church to participate in the Confucian religious movement. This thesis is a study on how the ideological transformation of Song Ki-sik led to the change of behavior and the change of behavior afterward.

현상학적 연구방법을 통한 한국교회 이주노동자 선교에 대한 비판적 고찰

김선(Sun Kim) 한국기독교학회 2014 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.92 No.-

This paper examines the shortcomings of Korean Churches Mis- sion working for migrant workers and to suggest the new paradigm of its mission. The author analyzes the mission and redefines its mis- sion from the perspective of migrant workers. The main problem with the Korean Churches Mission is its treat- ment towards the migrant workers. Korean Churches fail to treat them equally. Instead of looking into solutions for such problem, Korean Churches use the money merely to increase the number of church members and to create more profits. This paper uses the phenomenological method, participant obser- vation and in?depth interview, as methods of the research. The author chooses ``significant statements`` among the statements and find the ``formulated meanings`` and hold it together as a ``cluster of theme.`` With this process, this paper gets four clusters of themes. These show the aspect of Mission of Korean Churches and the possibility of new mission. The author argues that what migrant workers want is ``Leave Me Alone Mission.`` Migrant workers request the Korean churches to listen to what the migrant workers really want and to yield the power and authority to them. ``Leave Me Alone Mission`` is the mission principle that allows the independence of migrant workers. They refuse to be a mere ``receiver.`` This mission emphasizes the solidity of the community within the church rather than the number of church members. Furthermore, this mission principle embraces the translatability of the gospel. In other words, migrant workers will be granted with the opportunity to interpret Christianity on their own. Thus, this mission will lead the church leaders and pastors to participate in the dialogue on the equal status with migrant workers.

< 산성일기 >의 서술 특성 연구

김선현 ( Kim Sun-hyeon ) 반교어문학회 2016 泮橋語文硏究 Vol.0 No.43

< 산성일기 >는 호란이 발발한지 30여년 후, 전쟁 무렵에 쓰인 실기를 수용하고 재편하면서 호란에 대한 기억을 재구성한 작품이다. 따라서 < 산성일기 >는 새롭게 ``창작``된 것이 아니라 기존의 기록을 수용하고 재편하는 방식으로 ``구성``된 작품이라는 점을 유념하며, 그 서술 특성을 논할 필요가 있다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 점에 주목하며, 먼저 < 산성일기 >의 병자호란 실기 수용 양상을 검토하였다. 그 결과 < 산성일기 >가 < 병자록 >의 상당 부분을 번역하여 싣고 있지만, 생략과 축약, 첨가, 재구 등의 다양한 방식으로 내용을 선택적으로 수용, 변용하고 있으며, 첨가된 기록 가운데 < 남한일기 >와 < 남한해위록 >, < 속잡록 > 등에 실린 것과 동일한 기록이 포함되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. < 산성일기 >의 작가는 중립적인 서술과 인과적이고 극적인 전개를 지향하며 병자호란의 기억을 재구하고자 했던 것으로 보인다. < 산성일기 >는 < 병자록 >의 내용을 생략하고 축약하면서 특정한 사건을 선택하고 집중적으로 드러내는 한편 몇몇 인물들에 초점을 맞추어 이들을 중심으로 서사를 짜임새 있게 전개시킨다. 또한 서술자가 서술 뒤에 자신을 감추고 관찰자의 위치에 머문 채, 비교적 중립적인 입장에서 서술하려는 경향을 보인다. 주화를 주장하는 이들에게 부정적으로 인식될 만한 행위들이나 그에 대한 평가를 생략함으로써 주화파에 대한 부정적 시선을 최소화하는 한편, 새로운 기사의 첨가를 통해 척화파에 대한 긍정, 부정의 시선을 모두 드러냄으로써 비교적 중립적인 입장에서 양자의 모습을 그려내고 있는 것이다. 한편, < 병자록 >에 기록된 문장의 순서를 바꾸어 번역하거나 재배치하고 특정 인물과 관련된 일화를 삽입함으로써 사건의 인과적 연결고리를 만들고, 독자의 흥미를 이끌어 내는 특징을 보인다. < Sanseongilgi > is a work recomposing memories of the Manchu war while accepting and reorganizing Silgi that was written in the war after 30 years from the Manchu war. Thus, remembering that < Sanseongilgi > was a reorganized work accepting the existing records instead of newly ``creating``, it would be necessary to discuss its descriptive characteristics. Paying attention to this point, this paper reviewed the aspect of accepting Byeongjahoran Silgi shown in < Sanseongilgi >. In the results, even though < Sanseongilgi > translated the considerable parts of < Byeongjarok >, the contents were selectively accepted/ changed in diverse methods like omission, contraction, addition, and recom- position. Among added records, there were the same records with the contents of < Namhanilgi >, < Namhanhaewirok > and 『Sokjabrok』. The writer of < Sanseongilgi > seemed to recompose the memories of Byeongjahoran(Manchu war) by aiming for the objective and neutral description and causal and dramatic development. < Sanseongilgi > selectively and intensively shows specific incidents by omitting and contracting contents of < Byeongjarok > while systematically developing the description focusing on several characters. Also, the narrator aims to describe in the relatively neutral position as an observer hiding behind the description. Minimizing negative perspective on parties for reconciliation with Qing Dynasty by omitting behaviors or evaluation that could be negatively understood by them, it shows the look of both sides in the relatively neutral position by showing all the positive and negative perspectives on parties against reconciliation with Qing Dynasty through the addition of new articles. Meanwhile, by inserting episodes related to specific characters and changing the order of sentences recorded in < Byeongjarok >, the causal link of incidents is created to induce readers` interest.

특집을 기획하며

김재요(Kim, Jae-Yo),김희선(Kim, Hee-Sun) 대한건축학회 2018 建築 Vol.62 No.11

알반 베르크의 프랑크 베데킨트 수용 : 희곡 『판도라의 상자』에서 오페라『룰루』까지

김광선 ( Kwang Sun Kim ) 한국브레히트학회 2007 브레히트와 현대연극 Vol.17 No.-

다공성 폴리우레아 도막 방수·방식재의 수증기 투과 성능 변화 연구

김선도(Kim, Sun-Do),박완구(Park, Wan-Goo),김동범(Kim, Dong-Bum),박진상(Park, Jin-Sang),조일규(Cho, Il-Kyu),오상근(Oh, Sang-Keun) 대한건축학회 2017 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.37 No.1

상법(보험편) 해상보험 규정의 문제점과 개선방안

김선철(Sun-Chul Kim),이길남(Kil-Nam Lee) 한국국제상학회 2010 國際商學 Vol.25 No.1

In the marine insurance industry in Korea, there are sections and clauses in relation to the English governing law included in the Policies and the Clauses of hull, cargo and P&I insurance used in Korea and used in Korean Court judgements. However, Korea should be careful in the acceptance of English Law and Practice because it has been criticised due to a tendency of English Courts regarding the interpretation of warranty, being biased for insurers against the insured. This study is thus to review and compare the Marine Insurance Provisions in the Korean Commercial Code with mainly English law, legal cases and practices, and other countries’laws and practices. Then, to assess whether the Marine Insurance Provisions are still appropriate in the modem business world and may be improved and enhanced. Following that, as a result of the review and comparison propose revisions of issues faced by the Marine Insurance Provisions for balancing, at least, the legal interest between insurers and insured.

Transcranial Doppler ( TCD ) 를 이용한 정상군과 뇌경색군 , 편측비증군의 뇌혈관 반응성 평가

김기록(Ki Rok Kim),전홍렬(Hong Yeol Jeon),김경선(Kyeong Sun Kim),홍석(Seok Hong),강화정(Hwa Jeong Kang) 대한한의진단학회 2000 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.4 No.2

N/A N/A

전기식 RTG(Rubber Tyred Gantry)의 적용성 분석 연구

김우선(Kim Woo Sun) 韓國海洋水産開發院 2008 (월간) 해양수산 Vol.- No.284

척추전방전위증 환자에서의 자기공명영상 상 추간판 변형 형태 고찰

김석 ( Seok Kim ),반효정 ( Hyo Jung Bahn ),유현석 ( Hyun Seok Yoon ),김선민 ( Sun Min Kim ),전병철 ( Byung Chul Jun ) 한방재활의학과학회 2011 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.21 No.4

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of intervertebral disc changes and relative factors of the patients with spondylolisthesis. Methods: We investigated 95 cases of patients who visited one Korean traditional medicine hospital and were diagnosed as spondylolisthesis on lumbar spine X-ray and lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). We selected these cases retrospectively and randomly. We analysed the relativity between number of changed discs and type of changed disc and age, level of spondylolisthesis and type of spondylolisthesis. Results: 1. The number of changed discs increased with older age and degenerative spondylolisthesis type(p<0.05) and was not related to the level of spondylolisthesis. 2. Bulging disc is the dominant type of disc change(74.12%). The type of changed disc was shown to be similar in lytic and degenerative spondylolisthesis. It was not relative to the level of spondylolisthesis(p>0.05). 3. The direction of nerve compression was diffuse type in about halfly of the patients(47.06%) and the symptoms of patient and dermatome did not matched in 54 cases. Conclusions: The patients who visited a Korean medicine hospital and were diagnosed as spondylolithesis have different characteristics from the established studies. Their discs changed dominantly to diffuse bulging type and the symptoms of patient were not related with the direction and level of the changed discs where spondylolisthesis existed.