취학 전 3년의 유아교육 무상 관련 법제 정비

김상철(Kim, Sangcheol) 한국교육정치학회 2021 敎育政治學硏究 Vol.28 No.2

국민의 교육기본권 보장을 위한 교육제도법률주의의 실현과 교육 영역에서의 법치행정 구현을 위해 교육법 체제에 대한 실태 분석과 더불어 정비방안을 마련할 필요가 있다. 이러한 취지에 따라 본 연구에서는 ｢유아교육법｣의 현행 조문의 의미와 연계 조항을 살펴보고, 교육제도법률주의 및 위임입법의 한계를 벗어난 규정들을 탐색하여 현행조문의 법적 지위 상 문제점과 국외 입법 유사 사례를 분석함으로써 ｢유아교육법｣에 대한 개정안을 도출하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구결과, ｢유아교육법｣은 다음과 같이 개정 할 필요가 있다. 첫째, ｢유아교육법｣ 제24조 제1항에서 무상의 구체적인 범위(입학금, 보육료, 교재비, 현장학습비 및 그밖에 대통령령이 정하는 비용 등)를 확정할 필요가 있다. 둘째, ｢유아교육법｣ 제24조 제2항에서 부모(보호자)가 별도로 어린이집 및 유치원에 납부하는 비용이 없도록 할 필요가 있다. 셋째, ｢유아교육법｣ 제24조 제3항에서 국가 및 지방자치단체가 부담하는 비용과 관련하여 단서조항을 삭제할 필요가 있다. In order to realize education legal system ordained by law to guarantee the basic right of education for the people and to implement the legal administration in the field of education, it is necessary to analyze the actual condition of the education law system and prepare a plan for improvement. For this purpose, this study examines the meaning of the current provisions and related provisions of the Early Childhood Education Act. In addition, it explores the provisions beyond the limits of education legal system ordained by law and delegated legislation, and analyzes the problems of the legal status of the current provisions and similar cases of foreign legislation. Therefore, the purpose is to derive an amendment to the Early Childhood Education Act. As a result of the study, the Early Childhood Education Act needs to be amended as follows. First, it is necessary to determine the specific scope of free (admission fee, childcare fee, textbook fee, field trip fee, and other expenses prescribed by Presidential Decree) in Article 24 (1) of the Early Childhood Education Act. Second, it is necessary to ensure that parents (guardians) do not pay additional fees to daycare centers and kindergartens in Article 24 (2) of the Early Childhood Education Act. Third, it is necessary to delete the proviso clause regarding the expenses borne by the state and local governments in Article 24 (3) of the Early Childhood Education Act.

소련초기 중앙아시아 정착화 정책과 카자흐 및 키르기스 유목민공동체 변화

김상철 ( Kim Sangcheol ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2018 중동연구 Vol.36 No.3

The most prevalent definition and understanding on central asian region is based on the classification of civilizational traditions. With this civilizational categories central asian regions could be divided as countries of sedentary tradition and nomadic traditions. The critical defect of civilizational categorization on contemporary Central Asian countries is found in the sedentary process of nomadic areas between the end of 1920s and the beginning of 1930s. Similar Policies of sedentarization in the Soviet Stalinist Period brought into different attitudes on implementing and accepting transformation of traditional nomadic patterns of Kazakh and Kyrgyz. The analysis on diversification of development paths of nomadic communities during the sedenatarization of stalinist period requires understanding the conjunction of sedentarization and specialized development plan of in the stalinist period as well as those policies and concrete implementation of imperial Russia and leninist Soviet periods.

친환경 하이브리드 동력 시스템 개발 및 농기계 응용

김상철(Sangcheol Kim),홍영기(Youngki Hong),김국환(Gookhwan Kim) 제어로봇시스템학회 2015 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.21 No.5

A hybrid power system was developed for agricultural machines with a 20kW output capacity, and it was attached to a multi-purpose cultivator to improve the performance of the cultivator. The hybrid system combined heterogeneous sources: an internal-combustion engine and an electric power motor. In addition, a power splitter was developed to simplify the power transmission structure. The cultivator using a hybrid system was designed to have increased fuel efficiency and output power and reduced exhaust gas emissions, while maintaining the functions of existing cultivators. The fuel consumption for driving the cultivator in the hybrid engine vehicle (HEV) mode was 341g/kWh, which was 36% less than the consumption in the engine (ENG) mode for the same load. The maximum power take off output of the hybrid power system was 12.7kW, which was 38% more than the output of the internal-combustion engine. In the HEV mode, harmful exhaust gas emissions were reduced; i.e., CO emissions were reduced by 36~41% and NOx emissions were reduced by 27~51% compared to the corresponding emissions in the ENG mode. The hybrid power system improved the fuel efficiency and reduced exhaust gas emissions in agricultural machinery. The hybrid system’s lower exhaust gas emissions have considerable advantages in closed work environments such as crop production facilities. Therefore, agricultural machinery with less exhaust gas emissions should be commercialized.

카자흐스탄 이슬람 연구: 이슬람 종무기구와 교육제도를 중심으로

김상철 ( Kim Sangcheol ) 한국외국어대학교 중동연구소 2017 중동연구 Vol.36 No.1

The Central Asian Countries were referred as origin of terrorists in recent terrors in Europe and Russia. By the civilizational approach Central Asian regions are divided as sedentary regions and nomadic regions. With proper understanding of Central Asian Islam communities these categories explain differences of Muslims between sedentary Regions(Uzbekistan, Tajikistan) and Nomadic Regions(Kazakhstan). The most moderate Muslim community in Central Asian Region is muslim community of Kazakhstan. Kazakh muslim community was began to be organized officially in the imperial russian ruling system as a part of central asian muslim communities and these hierarchical structure of central asian muslim communities until the end of Soviet Central Asian Period. The Kazakhstani Muslim Hierarchical structure had been established in the end of 1980s by the separation from Central Asian Regional Muslim hierarchical structure, which had been established in 1943. In the contemporary Kazakhstan muslim play as important religion and cultural identities of kazakh communities. For sustaining and developing of muslim identities Kazakh official muslim organization have been conducting islamic education with cooperation of countries of islamic worlds(Egypt, Turkey and so on).

증발 가스 시험 시 연료 Weathering 에 의한 연료 특성 변화 및 연료의 RVP 가 증발 가스에 미치는 영향에 대한 실험적 연구

김상철(Sangcheol Kim),전경주(Kyeongju Jun),이택헌(Taekheon Lee),한상명(Sangmyeong Han) 한국자동차공학회 2003 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The test fuel composition and property is one of the primary factors to determine the evaporative emission of<br/> vehicles. In this study, fuel RVP effect on evaporative emission was examined and among the process the fuel weathering value was also assessed for setting-up more effective SHED test procedure. For simulation of the fuel weathering condition as a function of temperature and time, the test fuel was forced to be under hot soak atmosphere for 3 to 12 hours and measured the RVP of the test fuels. For precision verification the test fuel was analyzed into speciated component by gas chromatography at every predetermined test step. The comparatively light hydrocarbons of C3 - C5 referring to the evaporability of the individual component strongly affected the fuel weathering effect<br/>

20세기 중국 신장 무슬림공동체의 형성과 변화: 카자흐인 사례를 중심으로

김상철(Kim SangCheol) 한국중동학회 2016 韓國 中東 學會 論叢 Vol.37 No.1

The Ethnic Kazakh communities had been established in contemporary Kazakhstan, Xinjiang region in west-north China and neighbouring regions of Russia-Kazakhstan front lines. Russian(soviet) and Qing(Chinese) Ruling had played big role of changing life pattern of Kazakh ethnic groups as a part of major Muslim communities. Imperial Russian & Soviet Ruling to Ethnic Kazakh groups created contemporary Kazakhstani Russianized- Kazakh culture. And Qing Empire & modern chinese Ruling to the Ethnic Kazakh in Xinjiang had created different pattern of ethnic Kazakh culture and community, based on traditional structures and cultures, which has been contrasted those of contemporary Kazakhstani Kazakh Community.

중앙아시아 NGO의 형성과정과 구조 특성에 대한 연구

김상철(SangCheol Kim) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2016 중동문제연구 Vol.15 No.1

In Central Asian countries, the process of transition has been developed since the breaking of Soviet Union. In the developing process, NGOs were also established and play an active role in reforming Central Asian communities. From the beginning, NGOs assisted in, and promoted the establishment of NGOs in Central Asia. NGOs in Central Asian countries have faced different environments in organizing and conducting their activities. Since the end of 1990s, in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, NGO activities decreased due to domestic political situations. Kyrgyzstani and Kazakhstani NGOs had wide boundaries for effective working processes until 2005, but environments for NGO activities in these two countries deteriorated since then.

Kingdon의 정책흐름 모형을 활용한 중국 ‘쌍감(双减)’ 정책의 정책의제설정 및 정책결정과정 분석

김상철(SangCheol Kim),웨이웨이(Wei Wei),주영효(YoungHyeo Joo) 한국교육정치학회 2024 敎育政治學硏究 Vol.31 No.1

본 연구는 Kingdon의 정책 흐름 모형을 활용하여 2021년 중국 학생들의 숙제 부담 경감과 사교육 경감을 위해 발표된 ‘쌍감(双减)’ 정책의 정책의제설정과 정책결정과정을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. ‘쌍감’ 정책은 국민의 여론, 국가 교육 이념, 정책공동체, 중국 정부 등이 다차원적으로 관심을 갖고 정책의제를 설정하며, 정책을 결정한 중국의 대표적인 교육정책이므로, 이에 대한 분석은 한국의 관련 교육정책에도 시사점을 제공해 준다. 본 연구에서는 문제의 흐름, 정책대안의 흐름, 정치의 흐름이라는 세 가지 독립적인 흐름의 결합과정, ‘학업 부담’ 경감 정책의 형성 과정, 관련 정책의 집행 과정에서 ‘쌍감’ 정책으로 변동되는 과정을 분석하였고, 그에 따른 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정책문제의 흐름에서 주요 ‘지표’, ‘사건’, ‘환류’는 차기 정책의제설정에 중요한 역할을 한다. 둘째, 정책 대안의 흐름에서 ‘기술적 실현가능성’과 ‘가치 수용성’은 정반합(正反合)의 과정을 거쳐 정책의 완성도를 제고시킬 수 있다. 셋째, 정치의 흐름에서 ‘국민 정서’는 버텀업(bottom-up) 방식으로, ‘국가의 교육 이념’은 탑다운(top-down) 방식으로 진행되면 정책결정과정이 원활하게 추진될 수 있다. 본 연구는 연구 결과에 기초하여 ‘쌍감’ 정책을 발전시키기 위한 정책 제언으로 ① 정책문제의 흐름에 대한 지속적인 모니터링 및 대응, ② 정책대안을 모색하기 위한 다원적 참여 확대, ③ 정치의 흐름에 가치 지향성 견지 등을 제시하였다. 아울러 본 연구는 한국 교육정책 의제설정 및 정책결정과정의 시사점으로 국민의 관심과 정서를 대변할 수 있는 정책 참여 주체 확대, 서로 다른 견해를 가진 정책공동체 간 논의・토론・조정 과정 체제 고안 필요성을 제안하였다. This study aimed to analyze the policy formation process of the ‘Double Reduction’ Policy (DRP) based on Kingdon’s multiple streams model. As a result of the study, the problems stream refers to the problem of inequity in education, heavy homework burden and overheated extracurricular education destroying the educational order, leading to social problems and becoming a national issue. In order to solve these problems, the government and educational experts discussed, revised, and reunited countermeasures and previous policies and created policy alternatives. The politics stream is the core variable, which solves the academic burden problem in the education reform process through factors such as national emotions and changes in national educational development concepts. The educational development concept of “strengthening moral education and cultivating people” and maintaining educational equity have strongly impacted on the derivation, development, and transformation of policies to reduce student burden. A significant opportunity to create a “policy window” by combining the above three streams was realized through the combination of national ‘Two Sessions’ in 2021 and the opening of the 19th meeting of the comprehensively deepening reform Committee on May 21, 2021. The policy intention to reform school education and regulating off after-school educational training was raised as a policy agenda, and the DRP was eventually formed.

카자흐스탄 다민족공동체 소수민족집단의 형성과 역할

김상철(Kim, Sangcheol) 한국슬라브유라시아학회 2014 슬라브학보 Vol.29 No.4

The establishment and development process of Kazakhstan since 16<SUP>th</SUP> Century reveals foundation of Kazakhstan’s Eurasian Features in Geology, Culture and Demographic Structures. Kazakhstan has been playing role as buffers or integrator of Europe and Asia in various levels & components of Global communities. In the multiethnic structures of Kazakhstan Russian factors spreaded into Kazakh communities by russian immigration in Russian Empire and Soviet union. By the result of mass immigrations, Russians became major ethnic and cultural group in multiethnic Kazakhstan, while such process meant losing status social major group for Kazakh community in the Soviet Period. After breaking of Soviet union such relations rapidly changed by Russian emigration from Kazakhstan, but the russian factors of social cultures still continues status as core culture in everyday life culture in Kazakhstan. The German group and Korean group shows distinctly different patterns of cultural change and social contribution in the development of Kazakhstan society. German ethnic groups contributed to the developmental and modernizing process of Kazakhstan in imperial russian period, while Koreans contributed to the development of Kazakhstan after their deportations in 1937. Both groups shows different patters in assimilating into soviet Kazakhstani period, so after independence of Kazakhstan in 1991 resulted into german mass emigration and stabilizing of koreans into Kazakhstani society. As ethnic Tatar shares same linguistic and cultural background and it had played as guide of modernization and introduction of Russian and western cultures, tatar group has accepted as a part of multiethnic kazakhstan without cultural or social conflicts. Ethnic Polish & Ukraine groups share the same experiences of change in social status. Both communities immigrated into Kazakhsan as deportee in imperial russian periods, so their contributions into local communities were not so active, but in the period of Soviet Union their roles changed positively and expanded by the economical and industrial development policy of Soviet Kazakhstan.

제정러시아말기 카자흐지식인공동체의 대외 및 대내 변화요인과 변화과정

김상철 ( Sangcheol Kim ) 한국이슬람학회 2019 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.29 No.1

The Kazakh Intellectuals in the late period of Russian Empire had been influenced by external Reform movements in Osman Empire and Tatar Turkic Intellectuals in the Russian Empire. Domestically Russian colonial policies on the Kazakh nomadic communities resulted social and economic structure of traditional Kazakh communities. With external influences and changes of domestic kazakh communities, Kazakh modern intellectuals had been established by various social-stratum and religion backgrounds of contemporary kazakh steppe. In the late of Russian empire various kazakh intellectuals integrated into the frame of Kazakh modern intellectuals, who took lead modernization of Kazakh society and active political participations.