공구형상 최적화 및 비자성체의 자가연마 특성 연구

김상오,유만희,곽재섭,Kim, Sang-Oh,You, Man-Hee,Kwak, Jae-Seob 한국생산제조학회 2010 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.10 No.6

The magnetic abrasive polishing (MAP) process is used to achieve the nano-meter grade polishing results on flat or complicated surface. In previous study, polishing the stainless steel plate which is a non-magneto-material was tried. To polish non-magneto-materials using the MAP process was very difficult because the process was fundamentally possible by the help of a magnetic force. Therefore, it had lower efficiency than magneto-materials such as SM45C. In this study, optimization for tool geometry of the MAP was performed to improve the magnetic force between tool and workpiece. Moreover, a permanent magnet was installed below the non-magneto-material to improve the magnetic force. And then the design of experiments was carried out to evaluate the effect of the MAP parameters on the polishing results.

무등산 도립공원의 등산로 이용현황과 등산로 선정요인

김상오,오광인 ( Sang Oh Kim,Kwang In Oh ) 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.2

Understanding of the reasons why users in recreation settings select particular trails may provide useful information for effective recreation resources management. This study investigated the present use of the major trails in Mudeung-san Provincial Park and the major influential factors on trail selection . This study was conducted in Mudeung-san Provincial Park stretching over Hwasun-gun and Damyang-gun of Chonnam Province and Kwang-ju city during August in 1996. Data were collected through on-site survey and mail-back questionnaire. 519(44.2%) out of 1173 survey samples were used for analysis. Reasons for selecting a particular trail were classified into 8 major factors. In overall, the order of the importance degree of the factors was 1) aesthetics of landscape, 2) safety(from physical and crime), 3) conditions for health, 4) quietness, 5) familiarity, 6) on the way to the destination, 7) convenience/social, 8) others` intention. There were differences in the degree of importance of each factor depending on trails, users` characteristics(eg., gender, age, group size, visit experience, etc.) and users` behavioral patterns. Recreation motivations were classified into 5 major factors. The order of the importance degree of the factors was 1) contacting with nature, 2) self-training, 3) solitude, 4) social interaction, 5) appreciating cultural properties. Regardless of trails, `contacting with nature` was the most important factor, and the degree of importance in the other 4 motivational factors showed only a little differences in order according to the trails. There were correlations between major factors for trail selection and recreation motivations. The results of this study may provide foundational information for establishing effective management strategies through better understanding of the present use of trails and influential factors on trail selection. It can be used for reducing the present social and ecological problems caused by use concentration on certain trails and providing users with better quality of diverse recreational experiences. This study discussed the findings, and suggested some management strategies based on these information.

무등산 도립공원 시설물의 관리상태 평가와 개선방안

김상오,오광인 ( Sang Oh Kim,Kwang In Oh ) 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.4

This study applied the normative approach to establish evaluative standards for the facilities in Moodeung-san Provincial Park. Based on the established evaluative standards, this study examined the present facility managerial conditions of the park, and suggested some management alternatives to solve the identified problems. Data were collected by on-site survey and a mail-back questionnaire during August of 1996 in Moodeung-san Provincial Park. Out of 1,173, 519 respondents (44.2%) were used for the analysis. According to the results, three indicators out of five established indicators except `adequacy of garbage cans` and `adequacy of trail-guidance facilities` were in worse conditions than the established evaluative standards. The three indicators were 1) adequacy of toilets, 2) cleanness of toilets, 3) waiting time for using public transportations. The present condition for `adequacy of trail-guidance facilities` was the same with the evaluative standard. This study suggested some management strategies to improve these problematic conditions, and introduced how managers may use these information for the facility management of the park.

노트북 케이스용 마그네슘의 자기연마가공에서 영구자석의 효과

김상오,강대민,곽재섭,정영득,Kim, Sang-Oh,Gang, Dea-Min,Kwak, Jae-Seob,Jung, Young-Deug 한국금형공학회 2012 한국금형공학회지 Vol.6 No.2

In previous study, it showed that the MAP was greatly effective polishing process for magnesium plate. But it had lower efficiency than magnetic materials such as SM45C. It was very difficult to cut non-magnetic materials using the MAP process because the process was fundamentally possible by help of a magnetic force. This study aimed to verify analytically formation of the magnetic field in a case of the non-magnetic materials especially focused on magnesium plate. So, In this study, the magnetic density flux was predicted using simulation program. As a result, the magnetic density flux was lower at the center of pole on inductor than outside. It had same result on the experimental verification. And magnetic force was lower according to increase of working gap. So, to improve the magnetic force, permanent magnet was installed under the workpiece. In that case, the magnetic density flux not only at center but also at outside of pole was increased. Therefore, the efficiency of magnetic abrasive polishing was also increased. A design of experimental method was adopted for assessment of parameters' effect on the MAP results of magnesium plate for improving the magnetic force.

산림휴양지에서 쓰레기투기 행동과 규범에 미치는 설득메시지의 효과

김상오,차경수,안기완 ( Sang Oh Kim,Kyung Soo Cha,Ki Wan An ) 한국산림과학회 1998 한국산림과학회지 Vol.87 No.3

This study was conducted to find out whether persuasive messages with different contents of information (aesthetic, aesthetic+ecological, aesthetic+ecological+economic, aesthetic+ecological+economic +educational) about the consequences of littering influence users` awareness of the consequences of littering, personal norms and littering behaviors in a recreation setting based on the Schwartz`s norm activation theory. Data were collected at the Second Campground in the northern managerial district of Chirisan National Park. Of the total 177 questionnaires distributed, 144(85%) were used for the study. In addition to that, in order to find out whether personal norms on littering were changed from 1994 to 1996, data collected at the same campground in 1994 were also partly used. Based on the result of the study, persuasive messages didn`t directly affect the users` level of the awareness of the consequences(AC) of littering, personal norms, and littering behavior. People whose awareness of the consequences of littering are higher, however, tended to have stronger personal norms about littering. And also, people whose awareness of the consequences of littering are higher or people whose personal norms are stronger appeared to litter fewer than people whose awareness of the consequences or the strength of personal norms are lower. The extent of personal norms about littering was not changed through 1994 to 1996. The results were discussed and some management alternatives were suggested.

주관적 정당화요소 불요론

김상오 ( Sang Oh Kim ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2019 法學硏究 Vol.29 No.1

객관적 정당화상황만 존재하면 위법성이 조각된다는 주관적 정당화요소 불요설은 객관적 위법성론과 고전적 범죄체계론의 입장에서 주장되어왔다. 하지만 이원적·인적 불법론을 취하는 현대 형법학에서는 더 이상 받아들이기 어려운 학설로 취급된다. 따라서 위법성이 조각되기 위해서는 객관적 정당화상황에 대한 인식과 의사인 주관적 정당화요소가 필요하다는 학설이 다수에게 비판 없이 받아들여지고 있다. 이 글에서는 이원적·인적 불법론에서도 주관적 정당화요소 불요설이 타당하다는 것을 논증한다. 그 주된 논변은 다음과 같다. 이원적·인적 불법론은 결과반가치와 행위반가치 모두 존재하는 경우에 불법이 성립한다고 판단한다. 따라서 결과반가치와 행위반가치 중 어느 하나가 존재하지 않게 되면 그 행위는 위법하지 않다. 객관적 정당화상황은 결과반가치를 조각하지만 주관적 정당화요소는 행위반가치를 조각하지 못한다. 따라서 구성요건에 해당하는 행위에 객관적 정당화상황이 존재한다면 위법성이 조각되지만, 주관적 정당화요소가 존재한다고 위법성이 조각될 수는 없다. 주관적 정당화요소가 위법성조각에 어떠한 효과를 가져다주지 못하기 때문에 주관적 정당화요소는 불요하다. 주관적 정당화요소 불요설을 받아들이게 되면, 객관적 정당화상황이 구비되어 있으나 주관적 정당화요소에 흠결이 있는 경우 그 행위의 위법성은 조각된다. 과실범에 있어서도 마찬가지이다. 또한 위법성조각사유의 전제사실에 관한 착오의 경우에는 주관적 정당화요소가 불법에 아무런 영향을 미치지 못하기 때문에 객관적 정당화상황이 존재하지 않는 한 불법은 인정된다. 다만 위법성의 인식이 결여된 행위이기 때문에 정당한 이유가 있는 경우에 금지착오로 책임이 조각될 수 있다. 이러한 결론은 엄격책임설과 일치한다. 과실범에 있어서도 위법성조각사유의 전제사실에 관한 착오 사례를 생각해볼 수 있는데, 이 경우에도 마찬가지로 정당한 이유가 있다면 금지착오로 책임이 조각될 것이다. Die Theorie der Entbehrlichkeit des subjektiven Rechtfertigungselementes, der zufolge die objektive Rechtfertigungslage dafur schon allein genugt, dass eine Handlung gerechtfertigt wird, ist unter dem Aspekt der objektiven Rechtswidrigkeitstheorie und dem klassischen Verbrechenssystem behauptet worden. Aber in der modernen Strafrechtswissenschaft, welche die dualistische-personale Unrechtslehre einnimmt, wird diese Theorie nicht mehr als haltbar betrachtet. Also nimmt die herrschende Meinung ohne Zweifel den Ansatz ein, dass das subjektive Rechtfertigungselement, d. h. der Wille und die Kenntnis uber die objektive Rechtfertigungslage fur die Rechtfertigung notwendig sind. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Ansicht argumentiert, dass auch in der dualistischen-personalen Unrechtslehre die These der Entbehrlichkeit des subjektiven Rechtfertigungselementes stichhaltig ist. Das Hauptargument ist wie folgt. Laut der dualistischen-personalen Unrechtslehre kommt ein Unrecht zustande, wenn alle beide Erfolgsunwert und Handlungsunwert bestehen. Und daraufhin ist eine Handlung nicht rechtswidrig, wenn einer der beiden fehlt. Die objektive Rechtfertigungslage beseitigt den Erfolgsunwert, während das subjektive Rechtfertigungselement den Handlungsunwert nicht. Also wird eine tatbestandmäßige Handlung gerechtfertigt, wenn die objektive Rechtfertigungslage besteht. Aber sie kann nicht gerechtfertigt werden, wenn nur das subjektive Rechtfertigungselement besteht. Zum Schluss ist das subjektive Rechtfertigungselement entbehrlich, weil es keine Wirkung hat. Falls man die Theorie der Entbehrlichkeit annimmt, lässt sich eine Handlung straflos werden, wenn die objektive Rechtfertigungslage besteht und das subjektive Rechtfertigungselement jedoch fehlt. Das Gleiche gilt auch fur das fahrlässige Delikt. Noch dazu im Erlaubnistatbestandsirrtum wird ein Unrecht einer Handlung erkannt, sofern es keine objektive Rechtfertigungslage gibt, weil das subjektive Rechtfertigungselement dem Unrecht keine Wirkung ausubt. Aber die Schuld der Handlung kann durch Verbotsirrtum geleugnet werden, wenn man nicht umhin kann, es anzuerkennen, dass der Täter diesen Irrtum nicht vermeiden konnte. Dieser Schluss ist vereinbar mit der strengen Schuldtheorie. Das Gleiche gilt auch fur den Erlaubnistatbestandsirrtum beim fahrlässigen Delikt.

휴양지역에서 이용자의 기대 , 규범 , 상충인지에 미치는 정보의 효과

김상오 ( Sang Oh Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1997 한국산림과학회지 Vol.86 No.3

Users` norms, expectations and recreation motives are major influential factors on perceived conflict in recreation settings. This study was conducted to examine how information affects users` norms and expectations, and subsequently, the extent of perceived conflict. Data was collected at the Second Campground in Chirisan National Park in 1994. Of two hundred eighty on-site survey questionnaires distributed, 253(90.4%) were used for analysis. According to the result of the study, information changed users` normative standards in accord with the content of information and increased the extent of norm convergence. However, it did not change users` expectations and didn`t reduce the degree of perceived canflict. The possible reasons were discussed. Some directions for more effective use of information to reduce perceived conflict were also suggested.

휴양지역에서 규범적 평가기준에 미치는 정보의 효과

김상오(Sang Oh Kim),(Bo Shelby) 한국산림과학회 2002 한국산림과학회지 Vol.91 No.2

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휴리스틱 알고리즘을 이용한 평면 자기연마 공구경로 최적화

김상오(Sang-Oh Kim),유만희(Man-Hee You),곽재섭(Jae-Seob Kwak) 한국생산제조학회 2011 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.20 No.2

섬유 산업용 연삭숫돌의 설계 및 성형공정 개발

김상오(Sang-Oh Kim),구양(Yang Koo),하만경(Man-Kyung Ha) 한국기계가공학회 2006 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

The grinding process is dissimilar to other conventional machining methods such as turning and milling. The difference between them is due to not only the cutting edges of the grinding wheel don’t have the uniformity but also the edges act differently on the workpiece at each grinding. In spite of many researches during past decades, describing the grinding action between the grinding wheel and the workpiece was not made clearly. So statistical models and computer simulations that could overcome the variety of the cutting edges were introduced. These complexities and difficulties of illustrating the grinding process also raised an obstacle to the optimization of the grinding process and to the verification of the interrelationship between the grinding parameter and the obtained grinding result. In present paper, the finest grinding wheel for textile industry was developed by using the response surface method, genetic algorithm and Taguchi method to predict surface roughness and wear of the grinding wheel.