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- 저자 : 김상겸(Sang Kyum Kim) (검색결과 158 건)
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치밀층으로 코팅된 다공성 엔지니어링 세라믹스에서의 접촉응력에 의한 균열 거동
김상겸,김태우,김도경,이기성,Kim, Sang-Kyum,Kim, Tae-Woo,Kim, Do-Kyung,Lee, Kee-Sung 한국세라믹학회 2005 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.42 No.8
The engineering ceramic needs the properties of high strength, hardness, corrosion-resistance and heat-resistance in order to withstand thermal shock or applied nonuniform stresses without failure. The densely coated porous ceramics can be used for machine component, electromagnetic component, bio-system component and energy-system component by their high-performances from superior coating properties and light-weight characteristics due to the structure including pore by itself. In this study we controlled the porosity of silica and alumina, $8.2\~25.4\%$ and $23.4\~36.0\%$, respectively, by the control of sintering temperature and starting powder size. We made bilayer structures, consisting of a transparent glass coating layer bonded to a thick substrate of different porous ceramics by a thin layer of epoxy adhesive, facilitated observations of crack initiation and propagation. The elastic modulus mismatch could be controlled using different porous ceramics as the substrate layer. Then we applied 150 N force using WC sphere with a radius of 3.18 mm by Hertzian indentation. As a result, the crack initiation in the coating layer was delayed at lower porosity in the substrate layer, and the damage in the coating layer was relatively smaller at the bilayer structure coated on higher elastic substrate.
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인슐린 매개성 Microsomal Epoxide Hydrolase의 발현증가에서 Akt의 역할
김상겸,김봉희,오정민,윤강욱,김충현,강건욱,Kim, Sang-Kyum,Kim, Bong-Hee,Oh, Jung-Min,Yun, Kang-Uk,Kim, Chung-Hyeon,Kang, Keon-Wook 대한약학회 2007 약학회지 Vol.51 No.5
The present study examines the effect of dominant-negative Akt on the insulin-mediated microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) induction in rat hepatocytes. We also assessed the role of insulin in the expression of soluble epoxide hydrrolase (sEH). Insulin increased mEH levels and the enzyme activities, whereas sEH protein expression was unaffected by insulin. The specific PI3K inhibitors or p70 S6 kinase inhibitor ameliorated the insulin-mediated increase in mEH protein levels. Infection with adenovirus expressing dominant-negative and kinase-dead mutant of Akt1 effectively inhibited the insulin-mediated increase in mEH expression and mEH activity. These results suggest that mEH and sEH are differentially regulated by insulin and PI3K/Akt/p70S6K are active in the insulin-mediated regulation of mEH expression.
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알루미나에 YSZ가 나노코팅된 층상형 시스템의 인덴테이션 특성평가
김상겸,김태우,김철,신태호,한인섭,우상국,이기성,Kim, Sang-Kyum,Kim, Tae-Woo,Kim, Chul,Shin, Tae-Ho,Han, In-Sub,Woo, Sang-Kuk,Lee, Kee-Sung 한국세라믹학회 2005 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.42 No.1
전자 범 물리적 증착법(Electron Beam Physical Vaper Deposition, EB-PVD)으로 알루미나 상용기판 위에 나노 크기의 YSZ입자를 포함하고 있는 층을 코팅하여 층상형 시스템을 제조하였으며, 이때 기판층의 온도를 600, 700, $800^{circ}C$로 변화시켜 증착되는 YSZ층이 서로 다른 미세구조가 형성되도록 제어하여, 코팅층 미세구조의 변화에 따른 인덴데이션 거동을 고찰하였다 인덴테이션 거동으로는 비커스 인덴테이션과 헤르찌안 인덴테이션으로 피라미드형 압자 혹은 초경 구를 압입하였으며 압입 하중 및 코링층 구조에 따른 경도와 인덴테이션 응력-변형률 곡선을 구하였고, 미세구조와 하중의 증가에 따른 손상 및 파괴거동을 고찰하였다. 기판층의 온도가 향상됨에 따라 증착된 입자의 크기가 보다 증가하고 각진 입자가 형성됨을 알 수 있었고, 서로 다른 미세구조가 인덴테이션 거동에 영향을 주어, $800^{circ}C$에서 증착된 YSZ/A12달 구조가 상대적으로 우수한 특성을 나타내었다. YSZ layer containing nano-sized particles has been deposited on the commercial A1203 substrate by Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD). The role of coating rnjcrostructures of YSZ to indentation damage is studied. The different coating microsouctures are prepared by varying the substrate temperatures from $600^{circ}C$ to $800^{circ}C$ during the deposition. Microhardness test and Hertzian indentation are conducted on the $YSZ/Al_{2}O_{3}$ layered systems. The damage and flilure behaviors have been investigated according to the effect of microstructures and indentation loads. With increasing the substrate temperature during EB-PVD, the overall grain sizes are coarser and more faceted, which microsoucture ultimately influences on the indentation behavior, thus, YSZ/Al_{2}O_{3}$ layered system prepared at the substrate temperature of $800^{circ}C$ shows relatively higher damage tolerance.
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김상겸,Kim, Sang-Kyum 대한약학회 2009 약학회지 Vol.53 No.2
Food deprivation decreases hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels, which is ascribed to alterations in availability of hepatic cysteine, a rate limiting factor for the GSH synthesis. The present study examines the effects of food deprivation on hepatic metabolism of sulfur amino acid in male rats. In rats fasted for 24 or 48 hours, hepatic GSH levels were decreased from $6.70{\pm}0.16{\mu}mol/g$ liver to $4.02{\pm}0.20$ or $4.06{\pm}0.07{\mu}mol/g$ liver, respectively. Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine levels were also decreased in fasted rats, but S-adenosylhomocysteine levels were increased. Hepatic methionine levels were not changed by food deprivation for 48 hours. On the other hand, hepatic cysteine or taurine levels were increased from $106.2{\pm}4.1$ to $130.0{\pm}2.7$ nmol/g liver or from $2.45{\pm}0.43$ to $5.07{\pm}0.78{\mu}mol/g$ liver, respectively, in 48-hour fasted rats. Activity of cystathionine beta-synthase catalyzed homocysteine to cystathionine, was markedly decreased, but activity of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase was increased in fasted rats, indicating that methylation of homocysteine to methionine is activated. Also activity of cysteine dioxygenase, involved in taurine synthesis, was increased. These results suggested that hepatic methionine levels were maintained in rats fasted for 48 hours through increase in homocysteine methylation, and hepatic GSH may serve as a cysteine supplier reservoir in fasting state.
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마우스 간의 황함유 아미노산 대사에 미치는 베타인의 용량의존성 영향
김상겸,Kim, Sang-Kyum 대한약학회 2009 약학회지 Vol.53 No.2
Acute betaine treatment induces time-dependent changes in the hepatic glutathione (GSH), cysteine and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) levels. Our previous study demonstrated that betaine administered $1{\sim}4$ hours prior to sacrifice decreased hepatic GSH levels, but these levels were increased when measured 24 hours following the treatment. The present study was aimed to determine dose-dependent effects of betaine on hepatic metabolism of sulfur amino acid in mice. Mice were sacrificed 2.5 or 24 hours after intraperitoneal treatment with betaine at different dose levels ranging from 50 to 1000 mg/kg. The concentrations of methionine and SAM were increased by a betaine dose of 100 mg/kg, and the concentrations of GSH and cysteine were decreased by a betaine dose of 200 mg/kg at 2.5 hours. These changes were augmented with increasing doses of betaine. At 24 hours following betaine treatment, increased GSH and decreased taurine levels were observed from dose levels of 400 mg/kg. Changes in hepatic activities of cystathionine beta-synthase, gammaglutamylcysteine ligase and cysteine dioxygenase were observed from dose levels of $200{\sim}400$ mg/kg of betaine administered 24 hours prior to sacrifice.
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김상겸(Sang-Kyum Kim) 한국공법학회 2009 공법연구 Vol.38 No.1-1
우리나라는 1948년 국가를 수립하고 헌법을 제정하여 출범한 이후, 여러 차례 위기를 극복하면서 발전하였다. 특히 1987년 민주화운동으로 현행 헌법을 쟁취한 이후 사회의 민주화도 급속도로 진전하였다. 그렇지만 발전과정에서 파생된 여러 부작용은 오늘날 법치국가의 위기에 원인으로 작용하고 있다. 경제적 발전을 중시하면서 이를 뒷받침할 사회적 윤리가 정착하지 못하였다. 이런문제는 국제투명성기구에서 발표하는 국가투명성지수를 보면 알 수 있다. 우리나라는 여전히 국가 청렴도가 낮은 수준이고, 현실적으로도 공직사회의 부패와 비리는 전혀 개선되고 있지 않다. 이와 함께 국민의 준법의지도 미약하여 법치국가의 위기를 초래하고 있다.정당한 법의 지배를 근간으로 하는 법치국가는 그 용어와 구성원리가 독일로부터 출발하여 오늘날 헌법에서 하나의 기본원리로 정착하였다. 19세기부터 오늘에 이르기까지 법치국가는 여러 역사적 경험 속에서 그 내용을 구축하면서 발전해 왔다. 법치국가원리의 핵심은 사회적 정의의 실현이다. 이를 위하여 법치국가에서는 기본권보장과 국가권력의 통제를 그 중심에 두고 있다. 법치국가는 자신이 추구하는 목표를 달성하기 위하여 국가권력을 헌법에 기속시키고, 기본권보장을 위하여 사법절차를 완비하고, 각 종의 파생원칙을 통하여 작동한다.그렇지만 법치국가가 실현되기 위해서는 그 구성요소가 작동되는 것만으로는 부족하다. 법치국가의 실현을 가능하게 하기 위한 전제조건이 충족되어야 한다. 그 조건으로는 정치적·사회적 평화가 구축되어야 하고, 경제여건이 어느 정도 충족되어야 한다. 이러한 조건들이 충족될 때 법치국가는 비로소 그 실현을 위한 준비가 된 것이라 볼 수 있다. 물론 이러한 조건의 충족을 위하여 국가의 적극적인 활동이 필요하다. 국가는 법치국가실현을 위하여 자신에게 주어진 의무를 적극적으로 이행하야 한다. 국가에게 주어진 의무는 헌법으로부터 나오는 요구이다. 국민의 기본권보장을 위한 적극적인 입법의무, 국민의 복지를 위한 적극적인 행정의무, 국민의 권리보호를 위한 사법제도의 구축의무 등은 법치국가실현을 위하여 국가가 해야 할 헌법상의 책무이다. 물론 국가의 의무이행을 감시하고 스스로 법을 준수하는 국민의 준법의지는 가장 중요한 법치국가실현의 기초이다. Since the founding of the country and the constitution in 1948, Korea has developed through overcoming a series of crises. Especially after winning the current constitution in 1987 through a wave of democracy movement, the country's democracy has become rapidly mature. However, various side-effects which have derived from the development process are causing the crises of our current constitutional state. While putting much emphasis on economic development, social ethics to support them have been neglected. This problem is clearly indicated in the State Transparency Index announced by the International Transparency Organization. As for transparency, Korea still ranks low with its corruption and bribery in office not improved at all. The weak awareness andwill of the people to observe the law give rise to the crises as well.Constitutional state, based on the just rule of law, originates from Germany in its term and constructing rationale and is regarded as a basic principle in constitutional law today. From the 19th century to nowadays, constitutional state has developed with historical experiences, accumulating them as contents. The core of the constitutional state principle is the realization of social justice. For this goal, a constitutional stateplaces the guarantee of basic rights and the control of state power at the center of this principle. A constitutional state subjects state power to the constitution, furnishes legal institutions to guarantee the basic rights and functions through a set of derivative principles.However, it is not enough that constituting factors merely work together in order to realize a constitutional state. The preconditions should be met at first. Social and political peace should be settled and economic environments should be mature as well. Only after these conditions are fulfilled, a constitutional state would be ready for its realization. And for the achievement of these conditions, a proactive attitude of thestate is in need. The State must actively implement its given duties for the realization of a constitutional state. What given are the obligations originating from the constitution. A proactive legislative duty for the guarantee of the basic rights, a proactive administrative duty for the welfare of people and a proactive jurisdictional duty for the protection of people's right are constitutional duties that a state shouldimplement. Of course, people's will to observe the law and to monitor the implementation of state duty are the most important basis of the realization of a constitutional state.
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