한국인 일반인의 혈청 25-Hydroxy Vitamin $D_3$의 분석

김보경,정현미,김윤경,김소영,김지현,Kim, Bo-Kyung,Jung, Hyun-Mi,Kim, Yun-Kyung,Kim, So-Young,Kim, Jee-Hyun 대한핵의학기술학회 2010 핵의학 기술 Vol.14 No.1

Vitamin D의 주된 작용은 칼슘과 인의 흡수증가로 인한 골의 무기질화이며 vitamin D 결핍 시 에는 소아에서는 연골에 석회 침착이 안되어 구루병을 일으키고 성인에서는 골연화증 또는 골다공증이 생긴다. 또한 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 모든 암세포의 성장을 억제하고 심장병 등도 예방한다는 역학 연구 결과들이 발표되어 혈중 최적의 vitamin D농도에 관한 연구가 지속되고 있지만 일반적으로는 20~32 ng/mL의 농도가 최적의 농도라고 여겨지고 있다. 이에 우리 한국인들의 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$농도를 측정하여 어느 정도의 농도를 유지하고 있는지 분석해 보고자 하였다. 2008년 2월20일부터 2009년 4월21일까지 14개월간 (재)네오딘의학연구소에 의뢰된 의료기관 종합검진 수진자 들의 혈청 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$ 검사한 2,800검체를 수집하였다. 이 검체는 모두 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$ ($^{125}I$ Kit: Diasorin, USA)로 검사한 후 성별, 연령별, 계절별, 지역별로 분석하여 보았다. 총 2800 검체 중 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$ 평균농도는 남 20ng/mL 여 17.22 ng/mL 연령별로는 남자 10~20세 18 ng/mL, 21~30세 17 ng/mL, 31~40세 19 ng/mL, 41~50세 21 ng/mL, 51~60세는 22 ng/mL, 61~70세는 22 ng/mL, 71~80세 22 ng/mL, 81~90세는 19.9 ng/mL 여자 10~20세는 16 ng/mL, 21~30세는 15.26 ng/mL, 31~40세는 16 ng/mL, 41~50세는 17ng/mL, 51~60세는 19 ng/mL, 61~70세는 19 ng/mL, 71~80세는 19 ng/mL, 81~90세는 17 ng/mL이었다. 계절별로는 12월~5월이 15.97 ng/mL 6월~11월이 21.60 ng/mL이었다. 지역별로는 1월~4월까지의 남성을 비교해 본 결과 서울 경기 15.52ng/mL 강원도 15.33 ng/mL 충청도 18.03 ng/mL 전라도 18.68 ng/mL 경상도 18.76 ng/mL 제주도 21.23 ng/mL의 농도를 보였다. 한국인 일반인(칼슘 보충제나 종합비타민제의 복용상태는 모름)을 대상으로 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$검사를 하였을때 최소치 1.98 ng/mL, 최대치 58.66 ng/mL의 분포를 보여 메뉴얼에서 제시한 Deficiency (0~5 ng/mL)에 0.3%의 상태가 있었고, Insufficiency (5~20 ng/mL) 63.3% Hypovitaminosis(20~40 ng/mL)는 36.0%인 것으로 나타났으며 Sufficiency(40~100 ng/mL)는 0.4%로 나타났다. 또한 Toxicity (>100ng/mL)상태의 대상자는 없었다. 분석결과는 실외활동을 많이 하는 남성이 여성보다 25-Hydroxy vitamin $D_3$가 높았으며 연령별로는 남 여 모두 51~80세가 가장 높았다. 또한 계절별로는 6~11월이 높았다. 지역별로는 지방이 도시보다 높았다. 최근 vitamin D의 적정농도가 골다공증과 암 예방을 할 수 있다는 연구결과가 이슈가 되고 있는 시점에 한국인의 vitamin D농도가 다른 논문에서 언급한 20~32 ng/mL에는 미치지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 물론 한국인의 참고치가 미 설정된 상태이기에 더 많은 연구와 노력이 필요하리라 생각된다. Vitamin D의 급원인 자외선이 중요한 만큼 모든 사람들이 실외활동 시간을 많이 늘려야 할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 RIA 방법이 많이 줄고 있는 이 시점에 방법이 불편하긴 하지만 vitamin D의 유용성을 높이 평가해 종합검진이나 R&D용 등으로 검사가 널리 되었으면 하는 바램이다. Purpose: The main function of vitamin D is the mineralization of the brain by increase of calcium and phosphorus, in case it is insufficient in children, lime deposition on cartilage cannot occur so it leads to rachitis, and in adults, it leads to osteomalacia or osteoporosis. It is also strongly believed in the academic world that vitamin D can restrict the growth of cancer cells and prevent heart diseases, which is also somewhat proven in epidemiological researches. While the right density of vitamin D is still being studied, 20-32 ng/mL is believed to be the most ideal density. Therefore, I wanted analyze how much density of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 that Koreans possess. Materials and Methods: From February 20th, 2008 to April 21st, 2009, the collection of 2800 serums, from medical examination treated subjects by Neodin Medical Institute, have been tested. The targets were tested by 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (125I Kit: Diasorin, USA), and were analyzed by dividing into many different categories (gender, age, season, region). Results: The average density of male were 20 ng/mL, female 17.08 ng/mL. Per age groups, the density of males were as follows: 10~20-18 ng/mL, 21~30-17 ng/mL, 31~40-19 ng/mL, 41~50-21 ng/mL, 51~60-22 ng/mL, 61~70-22 ng/mL, 71~80-22 ng/mL and 81~90-19.9 ng/mL. Average density of females per age groups, were as follows: 10~20-16 ng/mL, 20~30-15.26 ng/mL, 30~40-16 ng/mL, 40~50-17 ng/mL, 50~60-19 ng/mL, 60~70-19 ng/mL, 70~80-19 ng/mL, and 80~90-17 ng/mL. Per seasons, From December to May, the subjects showed the density of 15.97 ng/mL, while from June to November, it showed 21.60 ng/mL. On density of males from January to April regionally, Seoul+Gyeonggi-Do-15.52 ng/mL, Gangwon-Do-15.33 ng/mL, Choongchung-Do-18.03 ng/mL, Jeonla-Do-18.68 ng/mL, Gyungsang-Do-18.76 ng/mL and Cheju Do-21.23 ng/mL. Conclusions: The vitamin D of Koreans is has been insufficient compared to the suggested amount. Ultraviolet rays, which is the main source of vitamin D is critical, therefore it is suggested that more outdoor activities can definitely help.

아동의 언어습득 차이: 부정극어를 중심으로

김보경(Bokyeong Kim) 한국영미어문학회 2018 영미어문학 Vol.- No.129

This paper examines differences of the participants’ Negative Polarity Item(NPI) responses and discovers the reason for the differences. Sixty children aged four to six took part in the experiment for this study. In the result, the participants produced more NPIs in object position than in subject position. The K5 group produced fewer NPIs among the three groups during the experiment. Unlike English any -type NPIs, other NPIs such as hanato and amwusalam-to can be used instead of Korean NPIs amwuto . Compared to the study done by Kim (2016), the Korean children produced much more NPIs both in subject and object positions. Another finding here is that the difference is not statistically significant both in subject and object positions unlike Kim’s study. In summary, the responses manifested no subject/object asymmetry for NPIs in Korean.

신용평가에 기반한 한국 뿌리기업 재무상황 (2017-2019)

김보경,김택수,이상목,김창경,Kim, Bo Kyung,Kim, Taek-Soo,Lee, Sangmok,Kim, Chang Kyung 한국주조공학회 2022 한국주조공학회지 Vol.42 No.2

Throughout this research course, we have analyzed the financial situation of more than 2,700 companies using credit evaluation disclosures from 2017 to 2019. The population was gathered based on the certification of Ppuri companies and Ppuri Expertise companies through the Korea National Ppuri Industry Center, accompanied by the NICE credit evaluation index. For the first time in Korea, we wanted to look at growth, profitability, and stability through financial analysis of the Ppuri industry. Through an indepth analysis, we identified operating income (rate), net income (rate), asset size, and debt ratio, along with three years of Ppuri company workers and total sales fluctuations, and looked at the financial structure per capita. In addition, financial status per person was compared by dividing Ppuri companies into six groups by employee size. Groups were 10 or fewer people, 11 to 20 people, 21 to 50 people, 51 to 200 people, 201-300 people, and 300 or more people; single individual companies were excluded for research convenience. Overall, the financial situation of Ppuri companies was judged to be in a very bad downturn, and financial indicators deteriorated over the course of the three years of investigation. In particular, the smaller the number of employees, the greater the financial fluctuations were and the worse the situations were. Among Ppuri companies, the casting industry, which is the technical starting point for the value chain of the industry, was found to also be in a very bad state, with continued workforce declines, total assets and sales reductions at severe levels, and operating income (rate) and net income (rate) also very poor. This is why we need a suitable and feasible policy direction, something that is difficult but must be allowed to develop.

신경정신과(神經精神科) 영역(領域)에서 활용(活用)될 수 있는 자연치료(自然治療)에 대(對)한 고찰(考察)

김보경,이상룡,Kim, Bo-Gyeong,Lee, Sang-Ryong 대전대학교 한의학연구소 1997 혜화의학회지 Vol.6 No.1

치매의 치료(治療) 및 연구동향(硏究動向)에 관(關)한 고찰(考察)

김보경,이상룡,Kim, Bo-Gyeong,Lee, Sang-Ryong 대전대학교 한의학연구소 1999 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.8 No.1

예비 보건교사의 교직선택 동기, 교사효능감, 교직수업 만족도 연구: 교직선택 동기 그룹별 비교를 중심으로

김보경,정선이,Kim, Bo Kyung,Joung, Sunei 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회 2018 한국학교지역보건교육학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the motivation of choosing a teaching profession, teacher efficacy, and satisfaction of teaching class of pre-health education teachers and compare the teacher efficacy, and satisfaction of teaching class by motivation of choosing a teaching profession group. Methods: The participants were 54 pre-health education teachers studying the teaching curriculum in 1 college located in S city. The collected data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis using SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The average motivation of choosing a teaching profession, teacher efficacy, satisfaction of teaching class were above medium. After cluster analysis, 3 distinct groups emerged: motivation of choosing a teaching profession high group, motivation of choosing a teaching profession middle group, motivation of choosing a teaching profession low group. And the results showed significant differences in teacher efficacy, satisfaction of teaching class according to motivation of choosing a teaching profession group. Conclusion: The findings indicate that motivation of choosing a teaching profession affect the teacher efficacy, satisfaction of teaching class. Therefore It is necessary to identify the variables that influence motivation of choosing a teaching profession.

전립선암 환자에서 방사선치료 루 전립선특이항원 농도 변화 양상

김보경,박석원,하성환,Kim Bo-Kyoung,Park Suk Won,Ha Sung Whan 대한방사선종양학회 1999 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.17 No.2

목적: 전립선특이항원(prostate specific antigen, PSA)은 전립선암의 진단, 수술이나 방사선치료 후 결과 판정 및 추적관찰 등에 널리 사용된다. 근치적방사선치료를 시행한 전립선암 환자에 있어 혈중 PSA 농도가 감소되는 양상 및 이에 영향을 미치는 인자 등에 대한 고찰을 통하여, 환자의 방사선치료 후 결과 판정 및 추적관찰 시 PSA 를 이용한 경과 판정에 필요한 자료를 마련하고자 후향적 분석을 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1993년 4월부터 1998년 5월까지 서울대학교병원 치료방사선과에서 근치적방사선치료를 받은 전립선암 환자로, 호르몬치료나 항암화학요법을 시행 받지 않은 20명을 대상으로 하였다. 방사선치료는 전골반에 45 내지 50Gy 조사 후 축소조사야로 14 내지 20Gv를 추가하여, 전립선에 총 63 내지 70Gy를 조사하였다. 추적관찰기간은 13개월 내지 66개월로 중앙값은 26개월이었다. 방사선치료 후 혈중 PSA 농도의 정상화 기준은 3.0ng/ml 미만으로 하였다. 결과 : 혈중 PSA의 농도는 방사선치료 후 서서히 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 반감기는 0.6 내지 4.0개월로 평균 2.1(${\pm}$0.9)개월, 중앙치는 1.9개월이었다. 20명의 환자 중 19명(95%)에서 PSA 농도가 정상 범위에 도달하였고, 정상범위에 도달하는데 소요된 기간은 방사선치료 종료 직후 내지 12개월로 평균 5.3(${\pm}$2.7)개월, 중앙치는 5.0개월이었다. 방사선치료 전의 PSA 농도가 10ng/ml 미만이었던 8명 중 2명에서 방사선치료 종료 시 PSA 농도가 정상화되었고, 10ng/m1 이상이었던 12명에서는 치료 종료 시까지 정상화되지 않았다. PSA 농도가 정상화된 19명의 환자에서 근치적방사선치료 후 혈중 최저 PSA 농도(nadir PSA)는 0.2 내지 1.8ng/ml로 평균 0.8(${\pm}$0.5)ng/ml, 중앙치는 0.6ng/ml 였다. 최저 PSA 농도에 도달하는데 소요되는 기간은 6 내지 23개월로 평균 13.5(${\pm}$4.3)개월, 중앙치 14.0개월이었다. 치료 후 추적관찰 중 2명에서 PSA 농도가 임상적 재발 진단 6개월 및 20개월 전에 증가되었다. 결론 : 혈중 PSA 농도가 방사선치료 후 12개월 이내에 정상화되지 않는 경우 전립선내의 잔류암이나 원격전이를 의심할 수 있으며, 치료 후 추적 관찰 시 재발의 조기진단에 유용하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. Purpose : Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a useful tumor marker, which is widely used as a diagnostic index and predictor of both treatment and follow-up result in prostate cancer. A prospective analysis was carried out to obtain the period of PSA normalization and the half life of PSA and to analyze the factors influencing the period of PSA normalization. The PSA level was checked before and serially after radical radiotherapy. Materials and Method : Twen쇼 patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent radical external beam radiotherapy were enrolled in this study. Accrual period was from April 1993 to May 1998. Median follow-up period was 20 months. Radiotherapy was given to whole pelvis followed by a boost to prostate. Dose range for the whole pelvis was from 45 Gy to 50 Gy and boost dose to prostate, from 14 Gy to 20 Gy. The post-irradiation PSA normal value was under 3.0 ng/ml. The physical examination and serum PSA level evaluation were performed at 3 month interval in the first one year, and then at every 4 to 6 months. Results : PSA value was normalized in nineteen patients (95%) within 12 months. The mean period of PSA normalization was 5.3 (${\pm}$2.7) months. The half life of PSA Of the nonfailing patients was 2.1 (${\pm}$0.9) month. The nadir PSA level Of the nonfailing Patients waS 0.8 (${\pm}$0.5) ng/ml. The period of PSA normalization had the positive correlation with pretreatment PSA level (R$^{2}$=0.468). The nadir PSA level had no definite positive correlation with the pretreatment PSA level (R$^{2}$=0.075). The half life of serum PSA level also had no definite correlation with pretreatment PSA level (R$^{2}$=0.029). Conclusion :The PSA level was mostly normalized within 8 months (85%). If it has not normalized within 12 months, we should consider the residual disease in prostate or distant metastasis. In 2 patients, the PSA level increased 6 months or 20 months before clinical disease was detected. So the serum PSA level can be used as early diagnostic indicator of treatment failure.

교육 환경이 훈련생 만족도에 미치는 영향 :미용 직업 훈련기관을 중심으로

김보경,유연우,Kim, Bo-Kyeung,You, Yen-Yoo 한국융합학회 2021 한국융합학회논문지 Vol.12 No.10

본 연구는 미용 직업훈련 기관의 훈련생을 대상으로 교육 환경이 만족도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 선행 연구의 문헌을 고찰하여 이론적인 개념의 정립과 교육 환경의 변수들을 파악하여 훈련생 만족도에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 연구의 모형과 연구 가설을 설정, 설문지를 통한 실증분석을 하였다. 서울 경기지역 미용 훈련생 180여 명을 대상으로 설문 수집을 진행하였으며 수집된 자료는 AMOS 22.0을 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 첫째, 교육 환경은 NCS 교육 방법과 강사 역량에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 둘째, NCS 교육 방법은 훈련생 만족도에 부의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 강사의 역량 부분에서는 훈련생 만족도에 유의미한 정의 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 시사점과 한계점을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of educational environment on satisfaction among trainees of beauty vocational training institutions. By examining the literature of previous studies, the research model and research hypothesis were established, and empirical analysis was conducted through questionnaires to establish theoretical concepts and identify variables of the educational environment to verify the effects on trainee satisfaction. A questionnaire was collected from 180 beauty trainees in Gyeong-gi, Seoul, and the collected data was analyzed using AMOS 22.0. As a result of this study, first, it was found that the educational environment had a significant positive effect on the NCS education method and instructor competency. Second, the NCS education method had a negative effect on the trainee satisfaction. Third, it was found that the instructor's competency had a significant positive effect on the satisfaction of trainees. Based on the study results, implications and limitations were presented.

자궁평활근의 Carbachol 및 Oxytocin 수축에 있어서의 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 동원

김보경,정동수,김윤선,이윤호,용준환,이원창,이상목,Kim, Bo-Kyung,Chung, Dong-Su,Kim, Yoon-Sun,Lee, Yoon-Ho,Yong, Jun-Hwan,Lee, Won-Chang,Ozaki, Hiroshi,Karaki, Hideaki,Lee, Sang-Mog 대한약리학회 1996 대한약리학잡지 Vol.32 No.2

The properties of cytosolic $Ca^{2+}$ level$([Ca^{2+}]_i)$ movement of high KCl, carbachol and oxytocin were examined with myometrium isolated from non-pregnant rat(estrus cycle). High concentration of KCl$({\leq}23.3mM)$ induced rhythmic increases in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and muscle contraction. However, sustained $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and contracion were obtained at higher KCl concentration $({\geq}30.3mM)$ The rhythmic and sustained contraction closely associated with changes in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ induced by high KCl. Carbachol $(3{\sim}30{\mu}M$ generated rhythmic increases with tonic component in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and muscle contraction. Myometrial contraction stimulated by carbachol was also closely correlated with change in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$. And the $[Ca^{2+}]_i/contraction$ relationships were similar when muscle strips were stimulated by high KCl and carbachol. Maximal concentration of carbachol $(10{\mu}M)$ and oxytocin(100 nM) increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and contraction which were slightly greater than that of high KCl in non-pregnant myometrium, respectively. However, the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and contraction were strongly inhibited by verapamil $(10{\mu}M)$, a 1-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, as in the case of high KCl. Additionally, although carbachol further increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ and contraction induced by high KCl, these changes also strongly inhibited by application of verapamil. These results suggest that uterotonic agents, carbachol and oxytocin, induced contraction by increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ through $Ca^{2+}$ influx than by a regulation of $Ca^{2+}-sensitization$ in non-pregnant myometrium.

Social Significance of Recent Korean Courtroom Films : A Case Study of Silenced, Unbowed, The Attorney and New Trial

김보경,Kim, Bo-Kyong The Korea Internet of Things Society 2021 한국사물인터넷학회 논문지 Vol.7 No.3

본 연구는 <도가니> (2011), <부러진 화살> (2012), <변호인> (2014), <재심>(2017)까지 네편의 영화를 통해 한국의 법정 영화의 특징과 한국 법정영화의 사회적 의미를 탐색한다. 한국 법정 영화가 한국 사회에 미치는 영향은 보통 다른 나라에서는 볼 수 없는 차별적인 것이다. 한국 법정 영화는 '스타' 체제 내의 액션/스릴러가 아닌 저예산 작품이라는 점과 네티즌들에게 변화를 촉구할 수 있는 기회를 제공한다는 특징을 지녔다. 네 편의 영화 모두 한국 법정영화의 사실성 수준에 대한 논란을 불러일으켰지만, 중요한 것은 현대 한국 사회의 변화를 어떻게 그려내느냐 하는 점이다. 요약하자면, 이 네 편의 한국 법정 영화는 사회적 행동의 특성과 그것을 실현하기 위한 사회 고발적 기능을 수행하고 있다. This study explores four Korean films: Silenced (2011), Unbowed (2012), The Attorney (2014), and New Trial (2017). Based on these films, this study explores the features of courtroom films and their social significance on society. The ability of Korean courtroom films to have such a profound impact on Korean society is something that is not usually witnessed in other countries. Also, the fact that they are low-budget works, not action/thrillers within the 'guaranteed star' system, and the fact that they present opportunities for netizens to call for change is a defining feature of Korean courtroom films. All four films have sparked controversy over the level of realism in Korean courtroom films, but what is more important is the way in which they portray contemporary social change. In summary, these four Korean courtroom films highlight the characteristics of social action and the means of mobilization required to effect it.