북한헌법의 개정에 따른 권력구조의 변화와 특징

김민우 ( Min Woo Kim ) 홍익대학교 법학연구소 2015 홍익법학 Vol.16 No.4

South and North Korea where is the only divided nation in the world possess each constitution under different ideologies and systems. South and North Korea is pitted by differing in a base of their own continuation of a system and justification. North Korean Constitution was enacted in September 8 1948, and then revised 11 times to the revision in April 13 2012. North Korean Constitution is ‘A National Fundamental Law’ as “a law to regulate national-social system, basic human rights and obligations of a citizen, and social relations related to organization and realization of national sovereignty”. Each constitution of South and North Korea belongs to different ideologies, so purposes each constitution aims for and power of rule are different, so comparing and examining these constitutions superficially may have no great import. However, analyzing and expecting a system of North Korean Constitution help set up the way to go by building an image of the future of unified nation. Study and preparation in all its bearings such as politics, society, and culture should be considered in a process to prepare the reunification that will be the biggest challenge of the Korean race in the 21st century, but a problem of legal and institutional organization offering foundation and basis of these activities should never be neglected. Conflict expected in the unified nation is the acute opposition as a maintenance of vested rights of the existing political powers. Therefore, a power structure of the unified nation should solve concern about political alienation by unilateral monopoly of personal and material distribution under the principle ‘unification by agreement’. Above all things, a power structure of the unified nation should combine a political conflict of South and North Korea. Our unification can be finally achieved under the single constitution system, so differences of South and North Korean constitution system should be overcome. Therefore, it is necessary to widen the understanding of the constitution systems between two through comparison of South and North Korean constitution system to combine these constitutions. This thesis is a fruit reflecting politics, economy, and society of North Korea. In addition, it is not ignored that Constitution has accepted the results of social changes, and especially, has been revised as security for the race to succeed and completion of the dictatorship on political authority. Therefore, an analysis on a power structure of North Korean has the actual meaning because this analysis provides the beginning to expect the direction of Jong-un Kim’s system in the future, based on the revision of North Korean Constitution.

Group A-beta Hemolytic Streptococci에 의한 소아 인두편도염에 있어서 Cefprozil의 항균력과 임상적 및 세균학적 효과에 관한 연구

김민우,안영민,장성희,마상혁,안병문,김종덕,이종국,김미란,장진근,박진영,배종우,차성호,Kim, Min-Woo,Ahn, Young-Min,Jang, Seong-Hee,Ma, Sang-Hyuk,Ahn, Byung-Moon,Kim, Jong-Duk,Lee, Jong-Kook,Kim, Mi-Lan,Chang, Jin-Kun,Park, Jin-Young,Bae, J 대한소아감염학회 2001 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.8 No.2

최근 소아의 인두염 및 인두편도염에서 EM-resistant group A streptococci가 15~40%까지 보고가 되고 있으며, 같은 계통의 macrolide제제들의 대한 내성도 점차 증가하고 있는 양상이 나타나고 있다. 따라서 세균성 인두편도염이 의심되는 환아의 치료에 있어서 경구용 항생제를 선택할 때는 항생제에 대한 내성과 경제성 및 환아의 순응도를 고려하여 항생제를 선택하여야 하겠다. Objective : To determine the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy and safety of Cefprozil in acute pharyngitis and pharyngotonsilitis caused by Group A beta hemolytic streptococci in pediatric patients. Methods : Any patient of 3 to 14 age who visited the hospitals enrolled in this study with the signs and symptoms of pharyngitis or pharyngotonsilitis since July, 2000 to March, 2001, was taken throat culture and given Cefprozil(15 mg/kg/day, in two divided doses) for 10 days. 138 patients of whom showed positive culture results were followed up for the signs and symptoms during the treatment to determine clinical efficacy. Any undesirable effect was reported to determine the safety of the drug. Follow up cultures were done at the end of the study and bacteriologic efficacy was determined. Results : 138 of 256 patients who visited the hospitals with the signs and symptoms of pharyngitis or pharyngotonsilitis showed positive growth on throat culture. Mean age of the patients was $6.1{\pm}2.5$ and males and females were equally numbered. 129 of them complained fever on the first visit and 112(86.6%) of them were improved at the end of the study. Cervical lymphadenitis was seen in 58 patients and 44(75.9%) of them improved at the end of the study. Exudative pharyngitis was seen in 96 patients and 81(84.3%) of them improved. The overall clinical effcacy based on this results showed that 110(79.7%) of the patients were cured and 17(12.3%) of them improved. On the cultures and bacteriologic efficacy, 24.6% of them showed documented eradication after treatment and 62.3% of them showed presumptive eradication. Sensitivity test was done by agar dilution method and Cefprozil showed 100% sensitivity. Erythromycin, Clarithromycin and azithromycin showed 87%, 85.6 %, 90.6% sensitivity, respectively. Conclusion : Cefprozil is proved to be effective in controlling group A streptococcal pharyngitis and pharyngotonsilitis in children and showed good sensitivity. Cefprozil can be used as an effective oral cephalosporin in the patients showing penicillin hypersensitivity or patients who other drugs have failed.

다양한 접착 시스템 및 포스트의 표면 처리가 섬유 강화 포스트의 접착 강도에 미치는 영향

김민우,안진희,김이경,심혜원,Kim, Min-Woo,Ahn, Jin-Hee,Kim, Lee-Kyoung,Shim, Hye-Won 대한치과보철학회 2016 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.54 No.3

목적: 본 연구에서는 자가-접착 레진 시멘트의 접착 강도에 포스트의 표면 처리와 접착 시스템이 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법: 비슷한 치근 길이를 가진 48개의 사람 상악 단근치를 사용하여 160개의 시편을 제작하고 접착 시스템에 따라 4개의 군으로 분류하였다(no adhesive, Adper Single Bond 2, Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil S3). 각 군은 포스트 표면 처리 방식에 따라 다시 4개의 군으로 세분하였다(no treatment, sandblast, silane, sandblast and silane). 포스트를(Parapost Fiber White) Rely X Unicem을 사용하여 접착하였다. 치아를 장축에 수직으로 1 mm 두께로 절단 하였다. Push-out test를 0.5 mm/분의 crosshead speed로 시행하였다. 2-way ANOVA, 1-way ANOVA 검정을 시행하였고 Tukey test를 통한 사후 검정을 시행하였다(${\alpha}=0.05$). 결과: Tukey test를 통한 사후 검정에서 접착 시스템에 따른 차이가 나타났다. Clearfil SE Bond가 가장 높은 접착 강도를 나타내었다. 결론: 상아질에 Clearfil SE bond를 사용하고 포스트를 실란 처리시 가장 높은 접착 강도를 나타내었다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of glass-fiber post cemented with different adhesive systems and surface treatments. Materials and methods: 160 tooth samples made from 48 human maxillary single-rooted teeth with similar root length were divided into 4 groups according to the adhesive system (no adhesive, Adper Single Bond 2, Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil S3). Each group had 4 subgroups according to the post surface treatment methods (no treatment, sandblast, silane, sandblast and silane). Posts (Parapost Fiber White) were cemented with Rely X Unicem. The teeth were sectioned perpendicular to their long axis into 1-mm thick sections. The push-out tests was performed at a speed of 0.5 mm/min. The results were evaluated by 2-way ANOVA, 1-way ANOVA and multiple comparison procedures (Tukey test) (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Tukey test showed that the adhesive system significantly influenced the push-out strength. The Clearfil SE Bond group showed the highest value. Post surface treatments showed no significant effect. Conclusion: Bond strength of glass-fiber post cemented with self-adhesive resin cement using Clearfil SE Bond showed significantly higher values compared to other adhesive systems.

인간배아복제의 정당성에 관한 법적 쟁점

김민우(Kim, Min Woo) 전북대학교 법학연구소 2014 法學硏究 Vol.41 No.-

최근 국내와 외국의 연구진에 의해 복제 배아줄기세포를 만드는 데 성공하였다는 보도가 있었다. 이 기술은 2004년 황우석 전 서울대 교수가 과학저널 사이언스를 통해 발표하면서 세계 최초로 성공한 것으로 알려졌지만 이후 조작으로 드러났고 국내에서는 성공한 사례가 없었다. 이 연구는 성인의 피부세포를 이용해 체세포 복제 인간배아줄기 세포를 만드는 데 성공함으로써 난치병 환자의 피부세포(체세포)에서 줄기세포를 만들어 맞춤형 치료제로 활용할 수 있는 가능성을 보여줘 주목을 받았다. 이처럼 생명공학기술은 인간이 예상하지 못할 만큼 놀라운 발전을 가져왔으며 사회적으로 큰 파급효과를 가져왔다. 그동안 우리나라는 외국의 생명윤리법에 관한 입법동향을 주시하면서, 우리 나름의 사회적 합의를 통한 생명윤리 및 안전을 확보하기 위한 방안을 마련해 왔다. 우리나라는 생명윤리법을 제정하여 시행한지 10여년의 시간이 지났지만, 여전히 인간복제와 이종간의 착상을 금지하고 있다. 하지만 줄기세포를 취득하는 한 방법으로써 배아를 이용한 연구에 대하여는 허용을 하고 있으나 배아의 생성에 대하여는 견해가 갈리고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 인간배아복제의 연구를 허용할 것인가 아니면 전면적으로 금지할 것인가에 대한 논의를 법적으로 주장하기 위해서는 현행법의 체계 내에서 검토할 필요성이 있다. 이러한 법적 규제는 헌법상 보장된 연구(학문)의 자유의 제한이며, 다른 한편으로는 헌법에 의하여 국가에게 부과된 생명보호의무의 이행위반이다. 이처럼 인간배아복제의 본질에 대한 올바른 이해와 사회적 합의가 중요함에도 불구하고, 실제로 인간배아복제에 대한 논쟁은 서로의 입장차이만 확인한 채 평행선을 달려온 것이 사실이다. 이 논문은 헌법과 생명윤리법에서 명시된 인간배아의 법적 지위를 바탕으로 인간배아복제의 허용여부를 둘러싼 쟁점을 분석한 다음, 이에 따른 합리적인 대안을 제시함으로써 생명윤리를 확립하고 사회적 합의를 도출하기 위한 바람직한 방향을 제시하고자 한다. Recently, a domestic research team successfully created cloned embryo stem cells. The success of the cloning technology was first known to the world as Woo-suk Hwang, ex-professor of Seoul National University, published it in the science journal Science in 2004. But, it was found to be faked. There had not been a single successful case of human embryo cloning in Korea until that. This research drew a lot of attention because it successfully created somatic cloned human embryo stem cells with the use of an adults skin cells, which means that it is likely to create stem cells from the skin cells (somatic cells) of a patient with incurable disease and thereby use them as a customized treatment. As such, bio-engineering technology achieved remarkable and unexpected development and brought about a big social ripple effect. Up to now, Korea has paid attention on the trend of legislation of bioethics laws in foreign countries, and tried to find a plan to secure bioethics and safety through the social consensus. It has been 10 years since the establishment and enforcement of Bioethics Act in Korea. But human cloning and xeno-implantation are still prohibited. Although the research using embryos as a way of acquiring stem cells is allowed, there are different views about creation of an embryo. In the circumstance, to legally argue whether the research on human embryo cloning is allowed or completely prohibited, it is necessary to look into it in the system of current laws. The legal regulations restrict the freedom of research guaranteed under the Constitution, and violate the protection obligation imposed on the state in accordance with the Constitution. Right understanding and social consensus of human embryo cloning are of significance. However, the differences in arguments about human embryo cloning are reconfirmed and still remain unsolved. Based on the legal status of human embryos stipulated in the Constitution and Bioethics Act, this thesis tries first to analyze the issues as to whether human embryo cloning is allowed and then to propose a reasonable alternative to establish bioethics and a desirable direction to draw the social consensus.

흉통을 주소로 응급실에 내원한 환자에서 심전도 촬영 소요 시간에 대한 응급벨 제도의 효과

김민우,오상훈,박규남,이정민,이영미,김한준,김수현,강동재,Kim, Min-Woo,Oh, Sang-Hoon,Park, Kyu-Nam,Lee, Jung-Min,Lee, Young-Mee,Kim, Han-Joon,Kim, Soo-Hyun,Kang, Dong-Jae 한국의료질향상학회 2014 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore whether emergency bell could shorten door to electrocardiograms (ECG) time in chest pain patients presenting to emergency department (ED) by self-transport. Methods: This was a planned 6-month before-and-after interventional study design. We set up the emergency bell in walk-in patients' waiting room. Prior to the change, patients were triaged before an ECG was obtained. In new process, as soon as patient with chest pain push the emergency bell, emergency physicians examined patient and prioritized performing ECG. We analyzed door to electrocardiograms (DTE) times for patients with chest pain and ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients between two periods. Results: During the enrollment period, a total of 63 patients called emergency bell. The median DTE time was 6 min (interquartile range: 3.0 - 9.0) and 82.5% received an ECG within 10 minutes, and only three patients were STEMI. DTE time in patient with chest pain was not different between two periods (p=0.980). Before intervention period, 15 walk-in patients admitted in ED for STEMI and 53.8% of STEMI patients received an ECG within 10 minutes. After intervention period, total 19 walk-in patients admitted in ED for STEMI. Of these, 89.5% met the time requirement. Conclusion: Because a small portion of patients with chest pain activated the emergency bell, new strategy for promotion of emergency bell must be needed.

YBCO 초전도 박막 선재용 Ni-W 및 Ni-W-Cu 합금의 격자상수 변화

김민우,정규동,전병혁,김형섭,김찬중,Kim Min-Woo,Jung Kyu-Dong,Jun Byung-Hyuk,Kim Hyoung-Seop,Kim Chan-Joong 한국초전도학회 2005 Progress in superconductivity Vol.7 No.1

We fabricated Ni-based alloy substrates for YBCO coated conductor using powder metallurgy. Tungsten and copper were selected as alloy elements due to their mutual solubility to the base element of nickel. The alloying elements were mixed with nickel using ball milling and dried in air. The powder mixtures were packed in a rubber mold, cold isostatic pressed 200 MPa and made into rods. The compacted rods were sintered at $1150^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours for densification. It was confirmed by neutron diffraction experiment that W and Cu atoms made complete solid solution with Ni. Lattice constant of nickel alloy increased by $0.004{\AA}$ for 1at. $\%$ W in Ni-W alloy, $0.0006{\AA}$ for 1 at. $\%$ Cu in Ni-W-Cu alloy.

2-Aminoindan 및 cis- ( ${\pm}$ ) -4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3(2H)-one의 효율적 합성

김민우,마은숙,Kim, Min-Woo,Ma, Eun-Sook 대한약학회 2006 약학회지 Vol.50 No.6

1-Amino-5,6-dimethoxyindan hydrochloride was synthesized from 3- (3,4-dirnethoxyphenyl)propionic acid by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation, oximation with hydroxylamine, and reduction with an overall yield of 74%. 2-Amino-5,6-dimethoxyindan hydrochloride was synthesized from 3-(3,4-dirnethoxyphenyl)propionic acid by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation, oximation with isoamylnitrite, reduction in NaOH and reaction with HCI to form 5,6-dimethoxy-2-indanone, which was reacted with hydroxylamine and reduced with an overall yield of 42%. 5,6-Dimethoxyindan-1,2-dione-2-oxime, which was catalytically hydrogenated to afford cis-, and trans-1-amino-5,6-dimethoxyindan-1-ol as 3 : 1 ratio. This mixture was treated with Li and reacted with chloroacetyl chloride. Cis isomer was acylated and cyclized to synthesize rir -( ${\pm}$ )-7,8-dimethoxy-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-b][1,4]oxazin-3(2H)-one, but trans isomer was just acylated to form amide.

전해액 첨가제를 이용한 고전계 양극산화의 자기정렬에 관한 연구

김민우,박성수,심성주,강태호,신용봉,하윤철,Kim, Min-Woo,Park, Seong-Soo,Sim, Seong-Ju,Kang, Tae-Ho,Shin, Yong-Bong,Ha, Yoon-Cheol 한국전기화학회 2011 한국전기화학회지 Vol.14 No.4

옥살산 수용액에서의 전기화학적 양극산화에 의한 자기정렬된 알루미나 나노템플레이트의 제조에 있어서 전해액 첨가제를 이용하여 기존 양극산화 법으로는 보고된 바 없는 160~200 V 범위의 자기 정렬 구간을 관찰하였다. 고전계 양극산화와 펄스분리법 및 화학적 기공확장을 거쳐 생성된 자기 정렬구조를 FE-SEM 으로 관찰한 결과 이 전압구간에서의 기공간격과 전압과의 관계는 2.2 nm/V 으로 기존 고전계 양극산화의 결과와 유사하게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 또한 양극산화막의 성장속도는 약 60 ${\mu}m$/hr로 유사한 기공구조를 얻을 수 있는 인산 수용액에서의 연질 양극산화에 비해 약 30배로 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 고찰을 통하여 기공간격 300 nm 이상의 나노템플레이트를 고속으로 제조할 수 있는 조건을 확립하였다. Using an electrolyte additive, we examined, for the first time, a novel self-ordering regime of 160~200 V in high-field anodization which had been used for a fast fabrication of self-ordered anodic alumina nanotemplate. FE-SEM analyses conducted after the high-field anodization, pulse detachment and chemical widening of pores showed the relationship of 2.2 nm/V in this voltage range, which was identical to the previously reported one in the literature. The growth rate of the alumina film was about 60 um/hr, which was 30 times faster than that of phosphoric acid mild anodization. This study provides a new process for the fast fabrication of nanotemplates with interpore distances larger than 300 nm.

더욱 소형화된 와이파이 이중대역용 직사각형 2단 계단식 슬롯 안테나

김민우,이영민,이희재,이영순,Kim, Min-woo,Lee, Yeong-min,Lee, Hee-jae,Lee, Young-soon 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2021 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.21 No.6

본 논문에서는 와이파이용으로 더욱 소형화된 이중대역 슬롯 안테나를 새롭게 제안하였다. 제안된 안테나는 이중 주파수 대역에서 정재파 공진을 발생시킬 수 있는 개방종단의 직사각형 2단 계단형 슬롯과 L-형 마이크로스트립 급전선으로 구성된다. 측정결과 임피던스 대역폭은 저주파수 대역에서는 58 MHz(2.412 ~ 2.470 GHz) 및 고주파수 대역에서는 452 MHz(5.451 ~ 5.903 GHz)로 각각 측정되었다. 더욱이 제안된 안테나의 크기 14 × 21 mm²는 기존의 유사소형 슬롯 안테나의 크기 20 × 21 mm²에 비해 30% 정도의 크기로 줄어든 결과이다. H-Plane 상에서 무지향성을 가지는 전형적인 다이폴 안테나의 방사패턴 특성을 가지고 있어 Wi-Fi와 같은 상용 무선 네트워크 용도로 사용하기에 매우 적합하다고 판단된다. In the present study, a more compact dual-band slot antenna is newly proposed for Wi-Fi application. The proposed antenna is composed of rectangular two stepped slot with open end which can generate standing wave resonance at dual frequency bands and L-type microstrip feed line. The measured impedance bandwidths are 50 MHz(2.412 ~ 2.470 GHz) at low frequency band and 452 MHz(5.451 ~ 5.903 GHz) at high frequency band respectiviely. Furthermore its size of 14 × 21 mm² is reduced by 30% compared to the size of 20 × 21 mm² of a conventional similar compact slot antenna. It has the omni-directional radiation pattern characteristics of a typical dipole antenna on the H-Plane, so it is suitable for commercial wireless network applications such as Wi-Fi.

분말 모합금 빌렛으로부터 제조된 Ni-W 합금테이프의 기계적 성질과 집합도

김민우,전병혁,지봉기,정규동,김찬중,Kim, Min-Woo,Jun, Byung-Hyuk,Ji, Bong-Ki,Jung, Kyu-Dong,Kim, Chan-Joong 한국분말야금학회 2007 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.14 No.1

The mother Ni-W (1-5 wt.%) alloy billets for coated conductor substrate were fabricated by powder metallurgy process. The tensile test results for the sintered Ni-W rods showed the increase of mechanical strength and decrease of ductility with increasing W content due to the solid solution hardening. All the fracture surfaces of the tested specimens showed the typical ductile fracture mode of dimple rupture due to the local necking. The Ni-W alloy billets were made into tape by cold rolling. After the appropriate heat treatment for recrystallization, the brass texture formed by the cold rolling was converted to the complete cube texture. The in-plane and out of plane texture of the tapes estimated by x-ray pole figure were smaller than 9 degree and 7 degree, respectively. The effect of the W addition on the texture development seems not to be significant.