광간섭단층촬영으로 분류된 미만성 당뇨황반부종의 위험인자

김도형,김상훈,김현웅,윤일한,Do Hyung Kim,M,D,Sang Hoon Kim,M,D,Hyun Woong Kim,M,D,Ill Han Yoon M,D 대한안과학회 2006 대한안과학회지 Vol.47 No.4

Purpose: Recently diffuse diabetic macular edema has been morphologically classified by optical coherence tomography. This study was conducted to examine the difference of risk factors of the classified types of diffuse macular edema. Methods: The subjects included 93 people who were diagnosed with non-insulin dependent diabetes. We diagnosed the presence of diabetic macular edema with slit lamp fundus examination and used OCT for the classification of diffuse macular edema. We examined the differences in epidemiological risk factors in non-diabetic macular edema patients after diabetic macular edema patients were examined with fluorescein angiography to confirm diffuse macular edema. Results: Diabetic macular edema was classified into 4 types using OCT. Compared with patients without macular edema, sponge-like macular edema - related epidemiological risk factors included diabetic nephropathy, cystoid macular edema was related to HbA1c, serous macular detachment was related to treatment of diabetes by insulin, and posterior hyaloid raction was related to diastolic blood hypertension. Conclusions: In the present study, differences in epidemiological risk factors were related to the occurrence of a type of diffuse macular edema.

실시간 운영체제 Qplus-P용 그래픽 윈도우 라이브러리 구현

김도형,김선자,김성우,Kim, Do-Hyung,Kim, Sun-Ja,Kim, Seung-Woo 한국정보처리학회 2003 정보처리학회논문지 A Vol.10 No.5

디지털 TV, 인터넷 셋탑박스, 인터넷 전화기 등과 같은 정보가전 제품이 속속 등장하면서 이들 제품의 기능을 제어하는데 필수적인 실시간 운영체제 시장이 크게 성장하고 있다. 한국전자통신연구원에서는 소형의 휴대 정보 단말에서부터 디지털 셋탑박스 및 홈 서버까지 다양한 종류의 정보가전 기기에 공통으로 사용될 수 있는 확장 가능한 표준 실시간 운영체제 Qplus-P를 개발하였다. 본 논문에서는 정보가전용 실시간 운영체제 Qplus-P에 탑재되는 그래픽 윈도우 라이브러리의 구현에 대해 기술한다. Qplus-P 그래픽 윈도우 라이브러리는 공개소스인 tiny-X 그래픽 서버에 한글 처리 기능, 화면 회전 기능, 터치스크린 입력 기능, 그래픽 가속 기능 등을 추가하였다. Qplus-P 그래픽 윈도우 라이브러리는 현재 arm 프로세서를 사용하는 아이팩 3600 PDA, 삼성 S3C2400 보드, 자우루스 PDA와 x86 프로세서를 사용하는 홈서버에 탑재되었으며, Qplus-P타겟 빌더에 통합된 형태로 제공된다. As the Internet appliances like digital TV, Internet set-top boxes, and Internet phone, are showing up in the market, the economics of real-time operating system (RTOS), which is an essential for controlling those devices, is expanding faster than ever before. ETRI has developed describes RTOS called Qplus-P, targeting various platforms ranging from PDA to Internet set-top box and home server. This paper describes the implementation of graphic window library for Qplus-P. The Qplus-P graphic window library was implemented using tiny-X graphic server and gtk graphic toolkit, which are open source software. To port this library to various aliances, hangul processing, screen rotation, touch screen, and graphic acceleration functions are added to the tiny-X graphic server of the implementd graphic window library. Currently, Qplus-P graphic window is running on ARM-based appliances such as iPaq PDA, Samsung S3C2400 board, Zaurus PDA, and on Home Server that uses x86 processor. Qplus-P graphic library is provided as a of Qplus-P target builder.

소형 정보가전 기기용 QPlus-P 윈도우 매니저 개발

김도형,강우철,정영준,김성우,Kim, Do-Hyung,Kang, Woo-Cheol,Jung, Young-Jun,Kim, Seung-Woo 한국정보처리학회 2004 정보처리학회논문지D Vol.11 No.1

본 논문에서는 한국전자통신연구원에서 개발한 정보가전용 실시간 운영체제 Qplus-P에 기반을 둔 소형 정보가전 기기용 윈도우 매니저 개발에 대해 기술한다. 기존의 공개된 소형 정보가전 기기용 윈도우 매니저들은 데스크탑용으로 개발된 것을 임베디드 시스템에 맞도록 변경하여 소형 정보가전 기기에 부적합한 기능들도 포함하고 있고, 한글을 제대로 지원하지 않는 문제점이 있었다. QPlus-P 윈도우 매니저는 공개 소스로 개발되고 있는 소형 정보가전 기기용 윈도우 매니저 매치박스에 한글 처리 기능을 추가하고, 다중 윈도우 환경에서 자동적으로 한/영 모드를 전환해주는 새로운 한글 입력기 아미키를 제공한다. 그리고, 한글을 지원하는 웹 브라우저, 메일 클라이언트, MP3 재생기 등과 같은 기본응용 프로그램들을 제공한다. Qplus-P 윈도우 매니저는 공개소스에 한팔 지원 기능을 추가하고, 타겟 시스템에 이식함으로써 개발되었다. This paper describes the development of a window manager based on the real time operating system, Qplus-p, for small internet appliance. Current window managers for small internet appliance are originally developed for desktop environment and then modified for embedded systems. So they have inadequate functions for small internet appliances and do not perfectly support Hangul. The Qplus-P window manager adds the Hangul processing function to Matchbox window manager, a royalty-free window manager for small Internet appliance and provides a new Hangul input method called Amikey. Input mode can be changed automatically from Hangul mode to English mode and vice versa by Amikey. In addition, Qplus-P window manager provides Hangul supported basic applications such as web browser, e-mail client, MP3 player. We developed the window manager by porting open sources to target system after adding Hangul supported functions to them.

백굴채(Chelidonium majus) 추출물의 Fischer 344/N 랫드를 이용한 90일간 반복 경구투여 독성시험

김도형,장호송,김광호,강상철,김학수,길기현,공광한,안태환,배진숙,고현규,김갑호,박찬구,이현걸,송시환,한충택,Kim, Do-Hyung,Zhang, Hu-Song,Kim, Kwang-Ho,Kang, Sang-Chul,Kim, Hak-Soo,Gil, Ki-Hyun,Kong, Kwang-Han,Ahn, Tae-Hwan,Bae, Jin-Sook,Go, Hyeon-K 대한수의학회 2009 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.49 No.1

This study was performed to evaluate repeated-dose oral toxicities of Chelidonium majus extract in Fischer 344/N rats. Chelidonium majus extract was administered orally to rats at dose levels of 0, 25, 74, 222, 666 and 2,000 mg/kg/day. Each group consisted of 10 rats of each gender. The Chelidonium majus extract was given once a day, 5 times a week, for 90 day repeatedly. This study was conducted in accordance with the Protocol of Korea National Toxicology Program (issued by National Institute of Toxicological Research) and The Standards of Toxicity Study for Medicinal Products (issued by Korea Food and Drug Administration). In the present study, There were no toxicologically significant changes in mortality, clinical signs, body weight gains, ophthalmoscopy, urine analysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weights, histopathology, estrus cycle and sperm examination of all animals treated with Chelidonium majus extract. These results suggest that the oral no observed adverse-effect level of the test item, Chelidonium majus extract, in rats is higher than 2,000 mg/kg/day in both genders. The target organs were not established.

옥수수 가공방법 및 두께가 in situ 건물 분해율과 in vitro 메탄 발생에 미치는 영향

김도형,이창현,우양원,김종남,조광현,장선식,김경훈,Kim, Do Hyung,Lee, Chang Hyun,Woo, Yang Won,Rajaraman, Bharanidharan,Kim, Jong Nam,Cho, Kwang Hyeon,Jang, Sun Sik,Kim, Kyoung Hoon 한국초지조사료학회 2017 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.37 No.4

본 연구에서는 옥수수의 가공방법 및 옥수수의 두께의 차이가 반추위 in situ 소화율 및 in vitro 반추위 발효와 메탄 발생에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 실시하였다. Micronized corn(2.5 mm thickness) 처리구는 다른 처리구들에 비하여 in situ 48시간 건물 분해율이 모든 배양시간대에서 높게(P<0.05) 나타났다. 반면, steam flaked corn(3.3 mm thickness) 처리구는 모든 배양시간대에서 가장 낮은(P<0.05) in situ 건물 분해율을 보였다. 반추위 내에서 미생물에 의해 분해되는 b fraction은 이와 상반되는 결과인 steam flaked corn(3.1 mm thickness)과 steam flaked corn(3.3 mm thickness) 처리구에서 높게(P<0.05) 나타났다. b fraction이 반추위를 통과하는 속도인 건물 분해상수 k값은 micronized corn(2.5 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 높게 (P<0.05) 나타났고 steam flaked corn(3.3 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 낮게 (P<0.05) 나타났다. 반추위내 시간당 통과속도를 0.05로 적용한 유효 건물 분해도는 건물 분해상수와 유사하게 micronized corn(2.5 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 높게 (P<0.05), steam flaked corn(3.3 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 낮게(P<0.05) 나타났다. In vitro 반추위 48시간 건물 소실율은 micronized corn(2.5 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 높은 경향을(P=0.088) 보인 반면 steam flaked corn 처리구들 사이에서는 두께에 따른 건물 소실율의 상관관계는 나타나지 않았다. 총 가스발생량 및 메탄 발생량에 있어서도 건물 소실율과 같은 결과인 micronized corn(2.5 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났으며(P=0.001), 총 휘발성지방산은 steam flaked corn(2.9 mm thickness)의 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났으나(P=0.015) 나머지 처리구들에서는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. aectate: propionate의 비율 또한 steam flaked corn(2.9 mm thickness)의 처리구에서 가장 높게, micronized corn(2.5 mm thickness) 처리구에서 가장 낮게 나타났다(P=0.008). 본 연구의 결과를 종합하면 steam flaked corn 처리구들에서 in vitro 휘발성지방산 농도에 있어 in situ 반추위내 건물 분해상수와 유효 건물 분해도의 결과와 비교하여 상관관계가 나타나지 않은 결과로 유추해 보면 옥수수 가공방법에 의한 두께의 차이는 반추위 메탄 발생량에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 판단된다. This study was conducted with two ruminally cannulated Holstein steers to examine the effect of micronized and steam flaked corn on ruminal fermentation characteristics. The in situ dry matter degradability after 48 h incubation was the highest (P<0.05) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) compared with steam flaked corn treatments. The steam flacked corn (3.3 mm thickness) was degraded lower (P<0.05) than the 2.9 and 3.1 mm thickness of steam flacked corn. Effective dry matter degradability and the rate of constant were the highest (P<0.05) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) compared with steam flaked corns as well. The in vitro dry matter degradability after 48 h incubation was tended to higher (P=0.088) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) than steam flaked corns, whereas there is no significantly difference between steam flaked corn treatments. Total volatile fatty acid concentration was higher at steam flaked corn (2.9 mm thickness) than micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) and steam flaked corn (3.1 and 3.3 mm thickness). The acetate : propionate ratio was the highest (P=0.008) at steam flaked corn (2.9 mm thickness) and the lowest (P=0.008) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness). Total gas and methane production after 48h ruminal incubation was the highest (P=0.001) at micronized corn (2.5 mm thickness) compared with steam flaked corns. According to these results, the thickness of steam flaked corn as resulted corn processing is believed to do not affect methane production. However, further study is needed to better understand the present results to verify the correlation between corn processing method and their thickness on methane production using the same thickness corns by difference processing methods.

소형민수헬기 능동진동제어시스템 개발

김남조(Nam-Jo Kim),곽동일(Dong-Il Kwak),강우람(Woo-Ram Kang),황유상(Yoo-Sang Hwang),김도형(Do-Hyung Kim),김찬동(Chan-Dong Kim),이기진(Ki-Jin Lee),소희섭(Hee-Soup So) 한국항공우주학회 2022 韓國航空宇宙學會誌 Vol.50 No.3

헬기의 능동진동제어시스템(AVCS)은 주로터로부터 발생되는 진동을 제어하며, 수동형 진동저감장치 대비 저중량으로 우수한 진동저감 성능을 발휘한다. 본 논문에서는 FxLMS 알고리즘을 기반으로 타코미터 및 가속도 센서 신호를 통해 연산된 제어명령을 하중발생기(CFG)로 전달하여 소형 민수헬기의 진동을 제어하는 소프트웨어 개발 및 검증 내용을 제시하였다. DO-178C /DO-331 표준에 따라 모델 기반 설계 기법을 통해 진동제어 소프트웨어를 개발하였으며, PILS 및 HILS 환경에서 실시간 작동 성능을 평가하였다. 특히, PILS 환경에서는 LDRA 기반 검증 커버리지를 통해 소프트웨어의 신뢰성을 향상시켰다. AVCS를 소형민수헬기에 적용하기 위해 지상/비행시험을 통해 대상 헬기 동적응답특성 모델을 획득하였다. 이를 기반으로 시스템 최적화 분석 및 비행시험을 통해 최적 성능을 발휘하는 AVCS 형상을 결정하고, STC 인증을 획득하였다. Active vibration control system(AVCS) for helicopter enables to control the vibration generated from the main rotor and has the superb vibration reduction performance with low weight compared passive vibration reduction device. In this paper, FxLMS algorithm-based vibration control software of the light civil helicopter tansmits the control command calculated using the signals of the tachometer and accelerometers to the circular force generator(CFG) is developed and verified. According to the RTCA DO-178C/DO-331, the vibration control software is developed through the model based design technique, and real-time operation performance is evaluated in PILS(processor in-the loop simulation) and HILS(hardware in-the loop simulation) environments. In particular, the reliability of the software is improved through the LDRA-based verification coverage in the PIL environments. In order to AVCS to light civil helicopter(LCH), the dynamic response characteristic model is obtained through the ground/flight tests. AVCS configuration which exhibits the optimal performance is determined using system optimization analysis and flight test and obtain STC certification.

백내장 수정체 상피세포의 변형성장인자 발현

김도형,양재욱,박세광,김성두,허준,윤일한,최인학,Do-Hyung Kim,Jae-Wook Yang,Seh-Kwang Park,Sung-Doo Kim,Jun Hur,Ill-Han Yoon,In-Hak Choi 대한안과학회 2005 대한안과학회지 Vol.46 No.8

Purpose: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is recognized as being associated with cataractogenesis. We quantitated the mRNA expression of TGF-β isoforms in cataractous crystalline lens to determine the effect of the isoforms on cataractogenesis. Methods: With lens epithelial cells from thirty eyes in thirty patients, the mRNA expressions of TGF-β1, β2 and β3 were quantitated by real-time SYBR Green polymerase chain reaction and the results were compared according to cataract type and presence of diabetes mellitus. Results: Each isoform mRNA of TGF-β was expressed: TGF-β3 in all 30 eyes, TGF-β1 in 29 eyes (96.7%), with the exception being one diabetic senile cataract, and TGF-β2 in 9 eyes. The amount of TGF-β1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the diabetic cataracts than in the non-diabetic cataracts (P=0.056). Conclusions: TGF-β was associated with cataractogenesis. It is significant that the expression of TGF-β2 mRNA was decreased in all cataracts. The decrease of TGF-β1 mRNA expression was more meaningful in the diabetic cataracts than in the non-diabetic cataracts.

당뇨병의 한의학적 치료에 대한 최신 연구 동향 - 2008년부터 2013년까지 국내 학술논문을 중심으로 -

김도형,박승찬,이지혜,이혜윤,조민경,최준용,김소연,박성하,Kim, Do-Hyung,Park, Seung-Chan,Lee, Ji-Hye,Lee, Hye-Yoon,Cho, Min-Kyoung,Choi, Jun-Yong,Kim, So-Yeon,Park, Seong-Ha 대한한방내과학회 2013 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.34 No.3

Objectives : This study was performed to research trends in Korean medicine treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods : We reviewed 73 studies about diabetes mellitus, which had been published from 2008 to 2013. The article search was performed on the Korean institute of oriental medicine (KIOM) database. Results : 1. Patterns of study design were as follows : 14 review studies, 44 experimental studies, 7 clinical studies, 8 case reports. 2. From the 14 review studies, we noted that literature studies about definition, pathologic mechanism, treatment, pathologic pattern identification of DM and previous study analyses were done. 3. From the 44 experimental studies that are the most common type of DM studies, various Korean medicine treatments such as single medicinal herbs, herbal complexes, diets and pharmacopuncture were used. Anti-diabetic effects were demonstrated in most of the studies. 4. 7 clinical studies about acupuncture, electroacupuncture, herbal medicine, etc. were reported. 5. 8 cases about DM complications and comorbidities were reported. Clinical symptoms improved in all of studies, blood sugar level decreased in four studies. Conclusions : Further clinical and case study based on experimental researches should be performed.

한방의료기관에서의 감기 진료에 대한 일반인의 인식 조사

김도형,조민경,홍미나,최준용,Kim, Do-hyung,Cho, Min-kyoung,Hong, Min-na,Choi, Jun-yong 대한한방내과학회 2017 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.38 No.3

Objective: This study investigated the perception, utilization, and satisfaction (in the general population), of the common cold treatment at the Korean Medical Clinic, to provide basic information for the development of Korean medicine clinical practice guidelines for the common cold. Method: A questionnaire was developed that consisted of questions about the general perception, utilization status, degree of satisfaction, willingness to use, and the improvement of the common cold treatment at the Korean Medical Clinic. An online survey was conducted using this questionnaire. Results: Three-hundred subjects responded to the survey. The results of the analysis were as follows. 1. 73.7% of the subjects recognized the common cold treatment at the Korean Medical Clinic. 2. 72% of the subjects had a positive perception of Korean medicine for common cold treatment. The major reason for the positive perception was the expectation about improving immunity and preventing recurrence. 3. Only 20% of the subjects had visited the Korean Medical Clinic for common cold treatment. The expensive cost was the major reason for not visiting the Korean Medical Clinic for common cold treatment. 4. The ratio of subjects who were willing to visit the Korean Medical Clinic for common cold treatment was 70%. 5. The expansion of health insurance coverage (67.7%), the activation of public relations (54.7%), and the development of a new herb medicine preparation that was easy to take (43.3%) were found to be necessary for improving the Korean medical service for common cold treatment. Conclusion: In spite of high recognition and positive perception, actual utilization of common cold treatment at the Korean Medical Clinic was relatively low. Multifaceted efforts are necessary to enhance the competitiveness of Korean medical service for treatment of the common cold.

이트륨 함량에 따른 Pd-Ir-Y 3원계 합금 촉매 입자의 특성과 산소 환원 반응의 활성 비교

김도형,이은애,박찬호,KIM, DO HYUNG,LEE, EUNAE,PAK, CHANHO 한국수소및신에너지학회 2018 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.29 No.3

To enhance catalyst activity of the palladium (Pd) towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), iridium (Ir) and yttrium (Y) were alloyed by polyol method. Due to the low reduction potential of Y, it is hard to reduce Y ion completely by polyol method. In XPS spectra, the binding energy of the Pd is shifted to a lower value, which indicates the d-electron of Pd is filled by the electron from the Y. And other phases of Y are observed by the XPS. Among the catalysts, the $Pd_4IrY_{0.1}/C$ showed the best activity towards ORR, which indicates the metallic Y is effective for improving the catalytic activity. Thus, for further enhancing ORR activity, the novel method for complete reduction of Y is needed.