김종삼 시의 침묵 지향적 특성

김기택(Kim, Ki-Taek) 한국비평문학회 2022 批評文學 Vol.- No.83

김종삼 시의 특징의 하나인 이미지의 변용이나 환상의 병치, 풍부한 여백의 활용 등에는 시가 침묵에 귀 기울이고 침묵의 부름에 응답하는 것이라는 인식이 있으며, 침묵으로 소통하려는 방법이 있다. 그의 시에서 대상과의 거리, 시각적 청각적 이미지, 말하는 태도 등을 살펴보면 침묵 지향성이 보인다. 이 연구는 그 침묵 지향적 특징을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 글에서는 김종삼 시의 침묵 지향적 특성을 세 가지 측면에서 살펴보았다. 첫째로 김종삼 시는 대상과 침묵 지향적인 거리를 둠으로써 불안과 고통에서 벗어나 심리적인 안정을 꾀하려 한다. 대상과 거리가 가깝고 소리가 클 때, 시적 화자는 불안하고 불편한 심리를 보이지만 거리가 멀어지고 소리가 낮아지거나 침묵 상태에 이르면 점차 안정되고 편안해진다. 대상과 거리 두기의 지향점은 침묵이다. 둘째로 마음이 안정되고 정신이 고양될 때 화자의 내면에는 음악적 동요가 일어나고 시적 순간이 현현한다. 화자는 고요한 풍경이나 추억에서 종종 악기 소리를 듣는데, 이 소리는 귀로 들리는 소리가 아니라 내면에서 일어나는 음악적 동요이다. 이런 순간에 소리는 시각적 이미지로 변화하거나 풍경이 청각적 이미지로 변화되기도 한다. 이러한 변화를 일으키는 과정에서 침묵은 핵심적인 기능을 담당한다. 셋째로 김종삼 시의 침묵 지향적 태도에는 말하지 않으려는 경향이 있다. 이것은 말을 회피하고 거부하는 수동적 태도이지만, 지적 방법과 의지에 따라 점차 능동적으로 변화한다. 이 태도는 말할 수 없음, 말하지 못함, 존재로 말함의 단계로 변화한다. 말할 수 없음에는 억압되고 차단되어 말할 수 없는 실어증적인 태도가 있으며, 말할 줄 모름에는 말을 회피하는 수동적 태도와 존재의 순수성을 지키려는 능동적 태도의 양면성이 있다. 존재로 말함에는 존재가 스스로 드러나도록 함으로써 말할 수 없는 것을 침묵으로 소통하려는 지적 방법론과 의지가 드러난다. Kim Jong-Sam(1921-1984) is one of the important post-war poet who start to write poetry after the cease of Korean War. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of Kim Jong-Sam’s silence-oriented poetry, which is appeared in the distance to the poetic objects, the change of visual or audial images and the attitude of saying. This study searches for three ways of characteristics of Kim Jong-Sam’s silence-oriented poetry. First, Kim’s poetry tries to maintain the silence-oriented distance toward to the object and loud sound just to get out of the trouble and to be stabilized. The poetic speaker shows instability when the objects are closed to him so that he may hear the loud and rough sound. However, his mind turns into stabilized when he maintains the long distance with the objects and the sound is lower. So the poetic speaker’s mind is quiet and happy. Second, when the poetic speaker’s mind is tranquilized, he may experience the musical fluctuation and the poetic instances. He often hear the musical sound when he see the beautiful landscape or recollect his old times. This is not the sound hearing in his ear, but the musical fluctuation created in his peaceful mind. Third, there is the basic attitude not to say anything in Kim Jong-Sam’s silence-oriented poetry. However, this attitude is gradually changed from passivity to activity by the poetic speaker’s intellectual method and willingness. There are three steps in this attitude not to say—‘impossible to say’, ‘no ability to say’ and ‘saying through the existence’. ‘Impossible to say’ has the aphasic attitude under the condition of suppressed and blocked speaking. ‘No ability to say’ has two sides, passive way to avoid to say and active way to keep the purity of existence. ‘Saying through the existence’ is the intellectual way to communicate by silence with the appearance of existence itself instead of utterance by mouth.

국방 ACTD사업 개발업체 선정을 위한 평가지표 개발에 관한 연구

김기택,박영준,심상렬,손기영,Kim, Kitaek,Park, Young Jun,Shim, Sangryul,Son, Kiyoung 한국군사과학기술학회 2014 한국군사과학기술학회지 Vol.17 No.1

So far, the existing guideline called "Proposal Evaluation and Negotiation Guidelines for Weapon Systems (PE&NG)" has been employed even when choosing a development firm for the newly-adapted defense acquisition system, "Advanced Concept Technology Development(ACTD)". However, in that PE&NG ignores distinctive characteristics associated with ACTD programs, it is inappropriate. This study aims to propose an appropriate evaluation index which could be used to select the most suitable development company for the successful ACTD project. For this, Delphi techniques were used to collect extensive opinions of the hands-on workers. These opinion were consistently given but never gathered previously. The newly proposed index has a similar direction and range to the existing ones with its contents a little modified and simplified. Yet, it is more capable of evaluating candidates' proposals.

AHP 기법을 활용한 방위사업 원가산정 아웃소싱 수행간 리스크요인 식별

김기택,심상렬,Kim, Ki-taek,Shim, Sang-Ryul 한국정보통신학회 2016 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.20 No.4

방위사업 원가산정 업무를 민간 용역기관에 아웃소싱한지 4년이 경과되었다. 객관성과 신뢰성이 다소 향상되었지만, 용역기관이 원가산정한 결과를 공무원이 다시 검토하는 등 시간과 비용만 더 든다는 부정적 시각도 일부 존재하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 방위사업 원가산정 아웃소싱 수행간 발생할 수 있는 리스크 요인을 식별하여 중요도 우선순위를 분석해 중요도에 따른 리스크 대응방안을 강구하고자 한다. 향후 원가산정 아웃소싱간 사전 리스크 관리를 함으로써 적정 원가산정으로 원활한 군수품 조달로 군 전투력 향상, 방산업체 적정 이윤 보장 및 국방 예산절감에 기여하기 위함이다. It has been four years after outsouring to private outsourced institute about calculating the costs on defense industry was commenced. Although the objectivity and reliablity has been improved somewhat, there were also a negative view of spending more time and money such as a costing official re-calculates the costs on the results by out-sourced institute. Therefore I want to study on countermeasure about the risks according to the importance by analysing a priority with deriving susceptible risk factors from the outsourced institute's conduct of calculating the costs in defense industry through this study. The purpose of this study contributes to the reduction of defense budget, a guarantee of the reasonable profit for defense suppliers and the improvement the effective strength of an army with a smooth supply procurement by managing the risks in advance about the conduct regarding to the outsourcing for calculating costs on defense materials in the future.

원통형 산란체의 고주파 산란 특성

김기택,윤관섭,라형술,나정열,Kim Kitaek,Yoon Kwan-Seob,La Hyoungsul,Na Jungyul 한국음향학회 2005 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.24 No.8

수중에서 원통형 산란체의 산란 음장에서 발생하는 간섭 효과를 확인하기 위하여 한 개의 원통형 산란체와 동일한 두 원통형 산란체의 방위각에 따른 고주파 (120 kHz) 산란 패턴을 측정하였다. 실험은 가로, 세로, 높이가 각각 $5m\times5m\times5m$ 수조에서 공기가 채워진 원통형 PVC (poly vinyl-chloride)로부터 1.5m 거리에 위치한 수중 청음기를 $360^{\circ}$ 회전시키면서 실시하였다. 실험 결과 한 개 원통은 후방에서 무지향성으로 산란하는 특성을 보였으나 두 개 원통에서는 방위각에 따른 표적 강도의 변동성 (fluctuation)이 나타났다. Stanton이 제한한 이론 식과 측정한 산란 패턴을 비교한 결과 유사한 경향을 확인할 수 있었다.. 두 개 원통의 산란 패턴에서 나타나는 표적 강도의 변동성은 두 산란체의 중심으로부터 청음기까지의 거리차로 인한 산란 음장의 간섭 때문이다. 또한 두 개 원통의 산란 이론으로부터 원통의 간격이 커짐에 따라 표적 강도의 변동성이 심해지는 현상을 확인할 수 있었다. This paper presents the changes of acoustic scattering pattern from a single cylinder and two identical cylinders in both theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. Bi-static scattering pattern by single cylinder and two parallel cylinders (length 2m, radius 30mm) was measured in $5m\times5m\times5m$ water tank using high frequency projector (120 kHz) and hydrophone. The results show similar agreement between experiment and theory. In case of single cylinder scattering. omni-directional pattern was observed in backward but there are fluctuations or target strength in forward. Interference between each cylinder's scattering fields produce fluctuations of target strength in all directions of two cylinders.

무기체계류 계약형태 및 계약종류 개선방안 연구

김기택,박홍래,조용건,Kim, Ki-Taek,Park, Hong-Rae,Cho, Yong-Gun 한국국방경영분석학회 2008 한국국방경영분석학회지 Vol.34 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 방위력개선사업으로 획득하는 국내 무기체계류중 대형 장기사업에 대한 사업추진단계별 계약형태 및 계약종류의 모델을 제시하는 것이다. 계약체결 요구시 계약관은 반복적으로 일괄계약, 분리계약 등을 검토한 후 계약형태 및 계약종류를 결정한다. 본 논문에서 제안된 모델 구성을 위해 선행 연구논문, 방위사업청 및 한국국방연구원 등에서 발행한 보고서, 계약에 관한 법령 및 각종자료를 활용하였고, 구)조달본부와 방위사업청에서 체결한 계약현황 분석 및 방산업체 의견을 수렴하였다. The purpose of this study is to propose a model of the contract type and contract category in the process of programs in each stage which is the procurement by defence improvement program of a large long term programs. When requiring the contract, contractor confirms the contract type and contract category of the review the contract in bulk, separate contract by repeatedly. For the study of improvement method we used previous research paper, reports of DAP A and KIDA, laws of contract and other several materials. and we also applied the rational contract type and contract category for the general mass production program weapon system based on the analysis of contract states concluded with DAPA and old-DAPA, and collect the public opinions of the defense industry.

증기 터빈 이상 감지를 위한 동적 기준치 개발

고진욱(Jin Uk Ko),나규민(Kyumin Na),김형민(Hyeongmin Kim),윤병동(Byeng D. Youn) 대한기계학회 2020 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2020 No.12

김종삼 시에 나타난 어린이의 특징 연구

김기택(Kim, Ki-taek) 한국아동문학학회 2016 한국아동문학연구 Vol.- No.31

본 연구는 김종삼의 시에 나타난 어린이의 존재 양상과 그 특징을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 혼자 노는 아이, 죽은 아이, 부재하는 아이의 특징을 각각 살펴보았다. 일제강점기와 한국전쟁 시기에 어린이는 어른에 종속된 존재라는 전근대적인 인식에서 크게 벗어나지 못했을 뿐 아니라 생존과 생명을 위협하는 현실 앞에서 그 존재성은 취약할 수밖에 없었다. 어린이는 세상으로부터 오염되지 않은 순수하고 천진한 본성을 지니고 있기에 그들에게 가해진 부조리한 삶의 조건이나 불행, 죽음 등은 노인이나 불구자 같은 사회적 약자가 겪는 것과는 그 성격이 다르다. 혼자 노는 아이는 또래의 놀이 공동체에 적응하지 못하거나 함께 어울려 놀기를 거부하는 유형의 어린이다. 이 유형의 아이는 부조리한 삶과 현실의 조건들이 놀이를 방해하여 자발적이고 자유로운 놀이를 하지 못한다. 따라서 보이지 않는 사람이나 사물을 놀이 공동체의 대체물로 삼아 환상적인 시공간에서 노는 특징을 보인다. 죽은 아이는 주로 폭력적이고 고통스러운 현실에 살지만 사후에 천상의 시공간에서 순수하고 아름답고 자유로운 존재성을 갖게 된다. 김종삼의 새로운 존재성에 대한 상상력은 부재하는 아이에서 더욱 확장된다. 그것은 태어나지 않은 아이, 지상의 삶의 고통과 죽음의 공포를 거치지 않은 순수하고 깨끗한 아이의 이미지를 낳는다. 태어나지 않은 아이는 어린이에게 최상의 존엄과 존재성을 부여하려는 의지의 산물이라고 할 수 있다. 세 유형의 아이를 통해 김종삼의 시가 추구하는 것은 어린이의 존재성의 변화이다. 놀이는 현실과는 다른 질서, 물리적인 법칙의 지배를 받지 않는 시공간의 변화를 통해 존재가 새롭게 바뀌는 체험을 하게한다. 혼자 노는 아이는 놀이의 자발성과 자유 의지가 결여되어 어린이다 운 고유한 존재성이 위축되어 있지만 상상의 놀이를 통해 그것을 회복하려 한다. 전쟁이나 전후의 부조리한 삶 속에서 죽는 아이는 죽음을 통해 불행한 삶과 육체의 한계가 극복됨으로써 음악이나 침묵과 조화를 이루는 천상의 시공간에서 살게 된다. 태어나지 않은 아이는 육체와 물질의 세계에서 해방된 초월적인 존재성을 갖는다. 그것은 육체와 현실에 얽매인 어린이 존재에서 모든 부정적인 요소를 씻어 내어 순수하고 신성한 존재로 바꾸는 일이다. Kim, Jong-sam is one of the most important post-war poet in Korea. The purpose of this study is to clarify the aspects of existence of children appeared in Kim, Jong-sam’s poetries and the characteristics of them. In order to accomplish this aim, this study analysed three types of children, (1)the children to play alone, (2)the dead ones and (3)the ones of absence of being. The children play to alone are the ones who cannot join the play group of same age. This type of children are deprived their freedom and spontaneity by the interruption of violent and irrational life in the earth. Therefore this type of children play with the invisible children or things through their imagination as the substitution of children’s play group. Though the children are died under the life of Korean War or post-war, Kim, Jong-sam’s poetries try to present the pure and free character of existence to children by moving their existence from hard and unhappy life in the earth to the free and beautiful heaven. The poetic imagination toward to the new character of existence is extended in the image of the children who do not exist in the earth. This is the image of unborn children and the pure babies who does not have any experience of life or death in the earth. This baby images are born by the will to present the highest dignity and greatest character of existence to the children in Kim, Jong-sam’s poetries. Kim, Jong-sam’s poetries try to show the change of new character of existence of the children through three types of children. This is the work to shift the existence of children binding in the human bodies and the lifes in the earth to the pure and holy existence in the heaven in which all the negative elements are purified.

김종삼 시의 현실 인식 방법의 특성 연구

김기택(Kim Ki- Taek) 한국시학회 2005 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.12

This paper looks into the characteristics of the recognition of realities of life and 3 types of the way of confrontation of them for the aesthetic space of imagination in Kim jong-Sam's poetty. Kim JS's poetry shows the attitude not to tty to reveal the negative experience and realities. So his works keeps the distance against the war experience or painful realities by the dry and official style like the form of diary or report. And also they reveal the negative memory in the subconscious-ness by the roundabout ways of alluding Shim-Chong and Auschwitz. In this allusion, his fury and shock of the War are latent and the War is not over in the past but goes on the middle of current lifes. The characteristics of three types of way to confront the realities of life affected to his aesthetic imagination of his poetry are (1) Low sound, (2) Watching the objects in the long distance and (3) Wandering. The first way is the attitude to confront the painful realities of life by the low voices or the silent. The people or objects in the Kim JS's poetry looks weak and of no importance. So they commonly confront the strong and the violent power they met by the low voices or silent. But the imposing manner and the positive power is hidden in their low voices in their internal mind. In Kim, JS's poetry, when the speakers in the poetries are in the loud voices or the high sound, his mind become uneasy or in the negative psychological situation but, in the silent, his mind is full of easy and happiness. This power change the painful realities of life to aesthetic imaginative space. The second one is the attitude of watching the objects in the long distance which has him maintain the objective interval against the realities of life. When the speakers of his poetries are in the near of the objects, the auditory image is loud and he become uneasy. But he is in the long distance with the objects, the auditory image is calm and his mind was easy and he can psychologically cure the pain. The third one is the wandering, by which he denied to stay in the life easily and eager to go on searching for the different world. He does not want to tolerate to stay in the fixed life and would like to leave from the current world even though it give him trouble and pain. But the life does not permit him free himself from cur-rent life. So he dream of wandering in the outside of the realities of life. And he also meet his desire to wander intellectually and aesthetically. When Kim JS's poetries concentrate anyone of 3 types of ways to con-front the realities of life described in the above, the poetic ego is full of internal mind and then gets the aesthetic space to cope with the obstacles of realities. So it might be said that his aesthetic imagination is built on the firm foundation of the realities and truth.

내시경초음파 촬영술을 이용한 직장암 환자의 심달도 및 임파절 전이에 관한 고찰

김기택(Kee Tack Kim),조용균(Yong Kyun Cho),성기철(Ki Chul Seoung),박창영(Chang Young Park),임시영(Si Young Lim),김병익(Byung Ik Kim),전우규(Woo Kyu Jeon),이상종(Sang Jong Lee),김명숙(Myung Souk Kim) 대한내과학회 1998 대한내과학회지 Vol.54 No.2

N/A Objectives: Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS) is widely used to diagnose upper gastrointestinal tract disease. In recent, it is reported that EUS is also goood diagnostic method to assess depth of invasion through rectal wall and lymph node involvement of rectal cancer. We performed EUS in preoperative rectal cancer patients and compared to post operative histologic findings to evaluate EUS diagnostic accuracy for rectal cancer staging system Methods : 51 patients with rectal cancer were performed with EUS. They were diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy from August 1994 to June 1996 at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital. Their ages were 28 to 78 (mean: 55 years) and the male to female ratio was 2:1 (34/17). Olympus GF-UM3, EU-M3 EUS and 7.5/12 MHz transducer were utilized. EUS was performed by the deaerated water filling method. We have analyzed between preoperative EUS findings and postoperative biopsy findings in order to evaluate the accuracy of EUS. The accuracy of EUS was signified by percentage. Results : 1) Endoscopic ultrasonographic accuracy for assessment of wall invasion of rectal cancer was as follows; The accuracy of mucosal cancer was 50% (patient numbers of EUS diagnosis/patient numbers of histologic diagnosis: 2/4). Submucosal cancer was 100% (1/1). Muscularis propria cancer was 44% (4/9). The accuracy with penetration to subserosa (or perirectal fat tissue) was 97% (33/34). The accuracy with invasion to adjacent organ was 33% (1/3). The overall accuracy rate was 80% (41/51). 2) EUS accuracy of lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer was ; The sensitivity was 90% (patient numbers of EUS diagnosis/patient numbers of histologic diagnosis: 28/31). The specificity was 60% (12/20). 3) EUS diagnosis of modified Duke classification was; The any of A stage was 80% (patient numbers of EUS diagnosis/patient numbers of histologic dagnosis: 4/5). B1 stage was 60% (4/8). B2 stage was 33% (1/3). C1 stage was 0% (0/3). C2 stage was 86%(25/28). D stage was 33% (1/3). The overall accuracy rate was 69% (35/51). Conclusion EUS is useful method to assess rectal cancer invasion through rectal wall and lymph node involvement. However, further refinements in instruments and the techniques is required for more improving diagnostic accuracy.

이미지 처리기술을 이용한 차륜형상 측정장치 개발

김기택(Kim Gi-Taek),김만배(Kim Man-Bae),김봉택(Kim Bong-Taek) 한국철도학회 1998 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-

Train wheels tend to wear abrasion due to frequent startings and brakings. They are important factors of train safety and noise. However, it is difficult and inaccurate to measure their shape and profile manually. Profile measurement system of train wheel with image processing is proposed. The system consists of CCD cameras, PCI image grabber board, and PC operated on Windows"95. Image processing algorithms such as filtering, histogram equalization, and edge detection are presented, and some processing results are illustrated.