반응성 마그네트론 스퍼터링법에 의한 Nickel Oxide 박막 제작 특성에 관한 연구

김기범,황윤식,김영식,박장식,Kim, Gi-Bum,Hwang, Yun-Sik,Kim, Yeung-Shik,Park, Jang-Sick 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2008 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.7 No.1

In this paper, the DE(double erosion) cathode for the reactive magnetron sputtering system is developed for high deposition rate and high target utilization efficiency. The utilization efficiency of the developed DE cathode is 22% higher than that of normal SE(single erosion) cathode. Sputtering process for the nickel oxide thin films with the DE cathode is performed under the following conditions; power with $1kW{\sim}3kW$, pressure with 4mtorr and 8mtorr, oxygen flow ratio with $0%{\sim}80%$. As a result, the hysteresis phenomenon of discharge voltage in 4mtorr is lower than that in 8mtorr and the hysteresis phenomenon of discharge voltage is getting lower as the applied power is getting higher. The structure of cross section and surface roughness of the thin films are observed by FE-SEM and AFM. The structure of cross section of the thin films is columnar and the average surface roughness under oxygen flow ratio of 0%, 52.5% and 65.0% are $2.08{\AA}$, $2.20{\AA}$ and $0.854{\AA}$, respectively.

압수․수색영장의 전자적 제시에 관한 입법적 연구

김기범(Kim, Gi Bum) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2018 경찰학연구 Vol.18 No.2

압수․수색영장의 전자적 제시는 수사기관이 제3자 정보를 압수하는데 널리 활용되고 있고, 지난 20여 년 동안 아무런 문제없이 집행되어 왔다. 그런데 최근 대법원에서 이른바 ‘팩스영장’에 대해 형사소송법 상 영장 제시 절차를 위반하였다고 판결하여 수사현장에서 혼란이 발생하고 있다. 본 논문은 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 영장의 전자적 제시 개념과 집행실무를 살펴보고, 형사소송법과 판례를 통해 위법성 여부를 판단하였다. 이어 미국, 일본, 유럽평의회의 법률, 판례 및 집행실무를 조사하여 시사점을 도출하였고, 전자적 제시 도입의 필요성을 제시한 다음 이에 대한 입법방안을 제안하였다. 입법방안은 형사소송법에 전자적 제시에 관한 명문의 규정을 마련하고, 집행자에 대한 신원확인 절차를 의무화할 것을 제안했다. 제3자가 아닌 정보주체의 권리보호를 강화하기 위해 통지제도를 보완하고, 수사기관의 영장 조작에 대한 우려를 해소하기 위해 제3자에게 사본 보관의무를 부여하고 나아가 영장서류에 대한 열람․복사를 허용하는 것도 주장했다. 나아가 제3자 대상 영장집행 방법은 차별화된 특성으로 인해 형사소송법상 모든 절차를 이행하는데 한계가 있는 만큼 독자적인 입법체계를 마련할 것을 제안했다. 이를 통해 전자적 제시에 대한 입법적 흠결을 해소하여 영장 집행 과정에서 발생하는 혼란이 조속히 마무리되기를 기대한다. The number of electronic presentation of search and seizure warrant has risen in investigation as the type and amount of information stored by third parties increased. It has been conducted without any problems for about 20 years in line with the mutual benefits between investigative agencies and third parties. However, recently, the Supreme Court ruled that the so-called “Fax Warrant” violated the warrant procedure regulated in the Criminal Procedure Act, which restricted the practices of investigative authorities. Now, the law enforcement authorities are anxious to prepare countermeasures. This paper examines the concept of electronic presentation of warrants and executive practice, and tries to judge the illegality and the lack of legislation through Criminal Procedure Act and case law. Then, this paper derives implications from the law and enforcement practices of the US, Japan, and European councils, and elicits the necessity of electronic presentation. Finally, micro and macro legislative measures are proposed. From a microscopic point of view, in the legislative alternative, it is proposed to establish rules for electronic presentation in the Criminal Procedure Act and suggested that the identification process be conducted for the enforcers. Supplement of the notification system to strengthen the protection of the rights of non-third parties is insisted. Furthermore, to eliminate concerns about manipulation of investigations, a third party is obliged to keep a copy of the warrant. Also, it is necessary to allow access and copying of the warrant documents. From a macro perspective, the execution of a third-party warrant has its own unique characteristics and can not follow all the procedures of the Criminal Procedure Act because it differs from the enforcement conducted against the accused party. Therefore, it suggested that a new legislative system should be established as a new enforcement method, and an electronic presentation should be implemented within it. Hopefully, the legislation on electronic presentation of warrants will be completed as soon as possible, and the confusion at the scene of the investigation will be resolved soon.

디지털 포렌식 전문가 자격제도 모델 개발

김기범(Gi-Bum Kim),장기식(Ki-Sik Chang),장윤식(Yun-Sik Jang),이상진(Sang-Jin Lee),임종인(Jong-In Lim) 한국디지털포렌식학회 2008 디지털 포렌식 연구 Vol.- No.3

정보영장 제도 도입방안 연구

김기범(Kim Gi Bum),이관희(Lee Kwan Hee),장윤식(Jang Yun Sik),이상진(Lee Sang Jin) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2011 경찰학연구 Vol.11 No.3

As information technology and services grow, so do the level of people's expectation of their privacy as well as the difficulty the Law Enforcement meet when finding evidence. To date, notable Supreme Court decisions regarding digital evidences were made on a few cases. With the revision of Criminal Procedure Act, the search and seizure of information is becoming a big issue in Korea as well. But the recent revision of the Criminal Procedure Act is lacking systematic integrity because it was framed upon makeshift provisions on the material objects and its physical locations without defining information itself. This study pointed out six disputes of the revised Criminal Procedure Act; limitations of remote search and seizure, confusion from other act defining execution process of information, lack of legal base to seize information to be used in pursuit of the suspect, lack of compulsory disposition measures to confiscation of information, and etc. The paper will form the concept of the information warrant and suggested the implementation model by reviewing legislations and precedents of the U.S., Japan, Germany and the European Council. The implementation of information warrant is necessary because; 1) information is directly linked with privacy, thus its disposition procedure must be specific and strict, 2) inadequate legislation must be supplemented properly, 3) information processing should be systematically integrated with the Criminal Procedure Act as its core axes, and 4) anomalous warrant practice must be clarified and embraced into legitimacy. Information warrant refers to a warrant system to process the data which was used and/or provided by act of crime, and includes such data that is to be used as evidence, to be confiscated and to be provided to pursue the suspect. The method of data processing in this warrant system should include those nine kinds; copying, duplication, deletion, access and etc. Information warrant will regard the remote-search-and-seizure as a matter of controllability, rather than a matter of location. In addition, the paper reviewed and suggested resolutions for a few expectable disputes when the information warrant were introduced such problem; 1) integrity of legal system, 2) whether to include realtime trace-data in the object of the warrant, 3) access method for remote-search-and-seizure, 4) process of obtained data which is unrelated to crime, 5) deletion after copying as a mean of disposal, and 6) data encryption. Information warrant must be implemented because it will provide enforceability and legitimacy to the executing officer and the right to defend to the individuals. There have been many studies on the search and seizure of information, but putting such approach as this study where putting concepts into one warrant system is unprecedented. The writers expect future studies to follow regarding the legal concept of information deletion, permissible limit of search-and-seizure of foreign data, encryption as means of data disposal and suspension of user account.

복문의 접속어구 사용조건 연구 - 무표지 복문을 중심으로 -

김기범 ( Gi Bum Kim ) 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센타 중국연구소 2007 中國硏究 Vol.39 No.-

전기통신사업자 보관 몰수 대상 정보의 압수실태 및 개선방안

김기범(Kim Gi Bum),이관희(Lee Kwan Hee) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2016 경찰학연구 Vol.16 No.3

형사소송법에 정보에 대한 출력·복제 압수원칙이 명문화되면서 전기통신사업자가 보관하고 있는 아동음란물, 개인정보 등 몰수해야 할 정보의 처리가 곤란해졌다. 출력·복제 방식으로 압수하면 전기통신사업자가 해당 정보를 계속 보관하게 되어 유포될 우려가 있고, 그렇다고 정보저장매체를 압수하면 서비스가 중단되고 혐의와 관련 없는 정보까지 압수되는 문제가 발생하기 때문이다. 이러한 딜레마를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 전기통신사업자가 보관하고 있는 몰수 대상 정보에 관한 압수 법제와 수사현장의 집행실태를 분석하여 문제점을 도출한 다음 이에 대한 제도적·입법적 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. As the Criminal Procedure Act incorporates a principle of ‘print-out and copy’, telecommunications business operator may still retain cyber contraband such as chid pornography and corporate secret even after search and seizure. This is because, by the Act, neither can law enforcement agencies delete, nor seize the contents subject to confiscation. This paper explores legal and institutional improvements to tackle such dilemma in relation to seizure of electronic information subject to confiscation. From institutional framework, ‘Preservation Request for Seized Goods’ is discussed with a view to prevent telecommunications business operator from accessing information of confiscation. ‘Confiscation Prior to Prosecution’ is also proposed with regard to virtual currency. In addition, this paper tries to interpretate an act of distribution of illegal contents as ‘danger’ so as to discard information of confiscation at the phase of police investigation, provided that the condition meets relevant articles of Criminal Procedure Act. Such interpretation, however, requires strict discretion, more so than is to the tangible objects and articles, on account of ‘freedom of speech’ and disputes in legal interpretation. From the legislative viewpoint, the article proposes amendment of Article 106 paragraph 3 of the Act in a way that it newly includes a measure of ‘removal after copy’. It also argues that compulsory measures–remove order and mandatory compliance of telecommunications business operator - shall be followed to ensure proper implementation of the Act. It is to be hoped that those measures can enhance a system of seizure on electronic information subject to confiscation, and minimize the gap between the law in books and realities in investigative field.

유전 알고리즘을 이용한 유압 위치계의 PID 제어기 동조

김기범(Gi-Bum Kim),박승민(Seung-Min Park),김인수(In-Soo Kim) 한국기계가공학회 2016 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.15 No.3

This study presents a simple genetic algorithm to systematically design a PID controller for a hydraulic positioning system operated by a proportional solenoid valve. The inverse dead-zone compensator with nonlinear characteristics is used to cancel out the dead-zone phenomenon in the hydraulic system. The object function considering overshoot, settling time, and control input is adopted to search for optimal PID gains. The designed PID controller is compared with the LQG/LTR controller to check the performance of the hydraulic positioning system in the time and frequency domains. The experimental results show that the hydraulic servo system with the proposed PID controller responds effectively to the various types of reference input.

범죄수사에서 제3자 정보 요청에 관한 입법체계

김기범(Gi Bum Kim) 위기관리 이론과 실천 2017 Crisisonomy Vol.13 No.8

본 연구는 범죄수사에서 제3자 정보 요청에 관한 입법적 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다. 인터넷 발달로 제3자 정보가 중요한 수사단서가 되면서 프라이버시 침해에 대한 우려가 커지고 있다. 우리나라의 형사소송법과 개별법 대부분은 수사기관이 제3자 정보를 요청할 경우 ‘법관의 영장’에 의하도록 규정하고 있지만, 이러한 영장제도는 정보통신으로 인한 수사변화를 충분히 반영하지 못해 위법수 사에 대한 논란이 계속되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 법관의 영장 대신 법원의 허가제도 도입을 골자로 한 제3자 정보 요청에 관한 기본법 제정을 제안하고자 한다. 나아가 정보주체와 제3 자의 권리를 보장하기 위해 통지제도를 정비하고, 정보제공사실에 대한 열람청구권과 제3자 이의신청 제도를 입법화하여야 한다. 또한 수사의 효율성 확보를 위해 긴급집행 절차와 긴급보존 명령제도를 신설하고, 비대면⋅사본집행 도입과 신원확인 절차의 의무화도 필요할 것이다. As the importance of the third party information as an investigative lead increases, there has been a growing concern about privacy violation. Although the criminal procedure law and other related laws in Korea require a warrant issued by a judge to obtain the third party information, this warrant requirement does not properly reflect a changing investigative environment based on the ICT mechanism. This has also raised controversy over the legality of the current practices of law enforcement agencies with respect to requesting the third party information. Therefore, this paper proposes to establish a “basic law of third party information request” which requires a court’s permission in lieu of warrant; systemizes a notification structure to guarantee the rights of data subjects and third parties, and establishes procedures for information disclosure and third party objection. In terms of the effectiveness of crime investigation, this law needs to set out the procedures for urgent request of information and the system of emergency protection order and provide a non-facing/copy execution of a warrant and mandatory identification of an investigator.

불소 표면 개질 고분자 분리막의 제조와 노블가스 분리특성

김기범 ( Gi Bum Kim ),윤국로 ( Kuk Ro Yoon ) 한국공업화학회 2010 공업화학 Vol.21 No.4

정량적 전산화단층촬영법(QCT)과 정량적 초음파법(QUS)에 의한 골밀도측정 비교

김기범(Gi-Bum Kim),안성민(Sung-Min Ahn),이귀원(Gui-won Lee),김성철(Sung-Chul Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2011 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.11 No.8

24~69세의 일반검진대상자 106명을 대상으로 골밀도 검사시 최근 사용이 많이 증가하고 있는 QCT와 QUS에 따른 BMD의 차이를 알아본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. QCT와 QUS에 의한 골밀도의 측정값은 전체적으로 유의한 상관관계를 나타냈다(p>0.05). 성별에 따른 측정방법간의 차이에서 여성에서는 QUS에 의한 검사방법에서 T-score가 유의하게 낮았고(p<0.05). 나이에 따라서는 40세 이상에서는 유의한 범위(p<0.05)에서 T-score의 차이가 있었다. 키 및 몸무게에 따른 차이에서는 특징적인 차이가 없었으며, BMI값이 22.9이하 그룹에서는 QCT로 검사시 T-score가 유의하게(p<0.05) 낮게 측정되었고 나머지 그룹에서는 검사방법에 따라 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이와 같이 골밀도의 측정에 있어서는 환자의 성별, 나이, 키 및 BMI에 따라서 측정방법에 따른 차이가 있을 수 있으므로 특별한 경우에는 여러 검사방법 등을 통하여 정확한 자료를 얻을 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다. The BMD difference depending on QCT and QUS, whose usages are recently being increased for the test of BMD, was accessed for 106 subjects of a general health examination who were aged between 24~69 year-old and results were derived as follows. The measured value of BMD by QCT and QUS showed significant correlation in general (p>0.05). In terms of the difference generated between the measurement methods depending on sexes, the female subjects showed significantly low T-score in the test made through QUS (p<0.05). Depending on ages, there was T-score difference among the subjects aged more than 40 year-old within significant range (p<0.05). When it came to the effect depending on heights and on weights, no group showed significant difference and in a group with less than 22.9 of BMI value, the T-score was measured significantly low when testing it through QCT while other groups were not affected by any testing methods. Likewise, it may require a different measurement method when it comes to the measurement of bone mineral density depending on sex, age, height, and BMI among patients. Thus, it suggests obtaining accurate data by conducting various testing methods in case of a special occasion.