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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : 권효숙(Hyo-Suk Gwon) (검색결과 37 건)
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벼 논에서 양수분 복합관리에 따른 온실가스 (CH₄, N₂O) 배출 특성 및 수량 변동에 미치는 영향
권효숙(Gwon, Hyo Suk),김건엽(Kim, Gun),최은정(Choi, Eun Jung),이선일(Lee, Sun Il),이종식(Lee, Jong Sik) 한국기후변화학회 2019 한국기후변화학회지 Vol.10 No.4
Intermittent drainage can be used to reduce methane (CH₄) emission from paddy soils. However, there is a significant increase in nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission when this water is drained, a significant amount of which originates from N fertilizer. Therefore, to mitigate the side effects of drainage, the source of N fertilizer should be considered. However, water and nutrient management effects during rice cultivation are not well examined in Korea. In this study, effects of water and nutrient management on reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were investigated in a rice paddy. Three types of water management were conducted: Continuous flooding (CF), intermittent drainage (ID), and low level water management (LL). At 30 days after rice transplant, drainage was carried out for 20 days in the ID treatment, and a low level of water (2~5cm) was maintained in LL treatment. The same amount of fertilizer (N‐ P₂O<SUB>5</SUB>‐K2O:110‐45‐57 kg ha‐1) was applied in each treatment group, but different types of N sources were used: Urea (NPK), hairy vetch with urea (HV), and slow release fertilizer in the form of latex‐coated urea (SRF). To prevent N deficiency in HV treatment, 50% of the N fertilizer was replaced with urea as additional fertilizer. Methane and N₂O emissions were monitored during rice cultivation, as were growth properties and rice yield. Compared with CF treatment, ID and LL showed significantly decreased CH₄ emission. Despite organic matter application, CH₄ emission was lower in the LL+HV and ID+HV treatments than in the CF+NPK treatment. On the contrary, N₂O emission was increased in ID and LL treatments. However, due to the CH₄ reduction effect, global warming potential (GWP) was decreased in ID and LL treatments. Rice yield was slightly higher in the SRF than NPK treatment. As a result, yield‐scaled greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) was decreased in water and nutrient managed fields due to the low GWP and high yield. Conclusively, a combination of water and nutrient management might reduce GHG emissions in rice paddies without loss of yield. In particular, low level water management and slow release fertilizer application were effective to reduce CH₄ and N₂O emissions and increase rice yield.
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권효숙 ( Hyo Suk Gwon ),김희권 ( Hee Kwon Kim ),박준홍 ( Jun Hong Park ),정현철 ( Hyun Cheol Jeong ),주옥정 ( Ok Jung Ju ),김필주 ( Pil Joo Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2013 No.-
Atmospheric methane (CH4) is recognized as one of the most important greenhouse gases and may account for 20% of anticipated global warming. Flooded rice fields are a significant source of atmospheric CH4. The emission is the net result of opposing bacterial processes, production in anaerobic microenvironments, and consumption and oxidation in aerobic microenvironments, both of which can be found side by side in flooded rice soils. There are two methodological tiers in the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC Guidelines). Measurement of methane emission using a Tier 2 approach is accurate in that the data reflects conditions specific to the agronomic practices, soil properties, and climate of site-specific studies within a country. The accuracy and precision of Tier 2 methane emission estimates increase with both the number of sites tested and the frequency and number of measurements at each site. A standard measurement technique is recommended in the IPCC Guidelines. Total CH4 emission level in national scale could be estimated by multiplying emission factor (EFs) and activities, and emission factor (EF) could be calculated by Baseline emission factor (EFc) x Scaling Factors (SFs). Other data such as area studies, soil maps, and climate information are necessary to the success of the reported data. Crop yield and other grain production data are also important in assessing the quality and accuracy of methane emission levels. In order to develop our own CH4 emission factor, mean EFc was estimated by using the field CH4 emission data, which were investigated from 5 typical rice paddy fields (Jinju, Daegu, Gwangju, Hwasung and Suwon) for 3 years (2010-2012). Our mean EFc was 2.21 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 with error range ±0.330 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1, which was higher IPCC default CH4 baseline emission factor 1.30 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 with error range 0.80-2.20 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1 assessing no flooding for less than 180 days prior to rice cultivation, and continuously flooded during rice cultivation without organic matter. To enhance data accuracy, the relationship between CH4 emission rates and other related properties such as soil, metrological and crop characteristics was analyzed. Our CH4 emission rates have significantly positive correlation with soil organic matter content, air and soil temperatures, and rice biomass productivity. Conclusively, CH4 baseline emission factor (EFc) of Korean paddy soil assumed with around 2.21 kg CH4 ha-1 day-1, and this EFc value could be used as the baseline emission factor for developing national CH4 inventory and calculating national CH4 emission factor from rice paddy soil.
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작기 중 물관리를 실시한 휴경기 논에서의 온실가스 배출 특성 조사: 순 지구온난화지수 산정(net GWP)
권효숙(Gwon, Hyo Suk),김건엽(Kim, Gun Yeob),최은정(Choi, Eun Jung),이선일(Lee, Sun Il),이종식(Lee, Jong Sik) 한국기후변화학회 2021 한국기후변화학회지 Vol.12 No.1
Approximately 51% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated by the agricultural sector in Korea are emitted from rice fields. Despite the extended fallow season, the calculation of GHG emissions from rice fields has been limited to rice cropping season. In this study, we sought to provide information on GHG emission considering the carbon budget in the fallow season. To compare the influence of water management during cropping season and how it affects the fallow season, two different treatments were examined, continuously flooded (CF-fallow) and intermittent drainage (ID-fallow). The emission rates of methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) were monitored using the closed chamber method. Changes in soil carbon were estimated using the net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) method and the net global warming potential (GWP) calculated. Seasonal CH₄ and N₂O emissions were not significantly different between treatments, but the seasonal CO₂ emission for CF-fallow was significantly higher than that of ID-fallow. The net GWP was 5062 ㎏ CO₂-eq. ha<SUP>-1</SUP> for CF-fallow and 4433 ㎏ CO₂-eq. ha<SUP>-1</SUP> for ID-fallow. Approximately 77% of the calculated net GWP value was affected by the NECB value, followed by 22 ~ 23% affected by N₂O emission. In contrast, the influence of methane on net GWP was less than 1%, suggesting little effect on GHG emissions. In order to reduce GHG emissions during the fallow season in rice paddies, carbon enhancement through the input of carbon sources into the soil should be employed. However, since there are concerns about increased CH₄ emission from decomposing organic material during the cropping season, additional research on appropriate organic material sources and application methods should be conducted.
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토양환경 분야PS-21 : 벼논에서 RNA 기반 기술을 이용한 메탄생성균 특성화의 정확도 개선
권효숙 ( Hyo Suk Gwon ),황현영 ( Hyun Young Hwang ),김필주 ( Pil Joo Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.-
Methanogens which divided into acetotrophic and hydrogenotrophic species produce the same methyl Co.enzyme M reductase, and it is expressed by mcrA gene. mcrA gene only restricted to methanogenic archaea, and thus it is used to characterize methanogenic diversity and activity. In general, DNA level based metagenome techniques is broadly utilized to characterize methanogenic archaea in paddy soil, but its changes were not matched well with methane emission characteristics during rice cultivation. In order to improve the accuracy of methanogenesis activity and diversity analysis which is related to CH4 emission dynamics in paddy soil, methane emission rates were monitored in a typical paddy field by a closed chamber method during rice cultivation and the activities and diversities of methanogens were characterized by DNA and RNA.based techniques in the surface soils. Finally, the data accuracy was compared by using the relationship between CH4 emission rates and methanogenic properties. RNA.based methanogens activities were more highly correlated with methane emission patterns than DNA.based techniques during rice cultivation. However, the characteristics of methanogens diversities were not discriminated between DNA and RNA.based techniques. Therefore, methanogens should be characterized by RNA.based techniques rather than DNA in rice paddy soil.
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