지리산 지역의 생물종 분포모형 구축 및 종풍부도 평가

권혁수(Kwon, Hyuk Soo),서창완(Seo, Chang Wan),박종화(Park, Chong Hwa) 대한공간정보학회 2012 대한공간정보학회지 Vol.20 No.3

생물다양성에 대한 사회적 관심이 늘어남에 따라 생물다양성 평가, 보호지역 지정, 서식지 관리 및 복원 등 생물자원에 대한 공간적 평가의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 야생동물의 서식지에 대한 평가를 위하여 자료의 수집 및 모형화의 기법 연구와 생물종풍부도를 작성하는데 목적이 있다. 종분포모형을 위해 사용된 GAM(Generalized Additive Model)으로 기존의 중첩 분석이나 GLM (Generalized Linear Model)에 비해 환경변수와 반응 변수의 관계가 명확하고 이에 따른 해석이 용이하다. 본 연구대상지로는 국립공원, 경관생태보호구역, 수달보호구역으로 지정된 지리산, 백운산, 섬진강을 포함하고 있는 유역을 선정하였다. 대상유역의 토지피복에 따라 층화추출을 통하여 야생동물(포유류와 조류)의 출현/비출현 형태의 현장자료를 수집하였으며, 야생동물의 서식에 영향을 미치는 자연, 사회·경제적 자료를 구축하였다. 각 종에 대한 서식지이용분석과 주요서식인자를 확인한 후, 출현/비출현 모형을 통해 서식지적합성모형을 개발하고, 개별 종에 대한 서식지적합성지도 작성하였다. 서식지 적합성지도를 산술 합산하여 분류군별(포유류, 조류) 종풍부도, 통합종풍부도를 작성하였다. 개별 종 서식지의 주요인자는 서식지선택에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 고라니나 박새와 같은 몇몇 종들은 저지대에 분포하나, 대부분의 포유류나 조류의 잠재서식지는 국립공원 경계구역이나 중산간지역에 많이 분포하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 환경부에서 수행하는 생물다양성의 평가, 보호지역의 지정 등의 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다. Increasing concern about biodiversity has lead to a rise in demand on the spatial assessment of biological resources such as biodiversity assessment, protected area selection, habitat management and restoration in Korea. The purpose of this study is to create species richness map through data collection and modeling techniques for wildlife habitat assessment. The GAM (Generalized Additive Model) is easy to interpret and shows better relationship between environmental variables and a response variable than an existing overlap analysis and GLM (Generalized Linear Model). The study area delineated by a large watershed contains Jirisan national park, Mt. Baekun and Sumjin river with three kinds of protected areas (a national park, a landscape ecology protected area and an otter protected area). We collected the presence-absence data for wildlife (mammals and birds) using a stratified random sampling based on a land cover in the study area and implemented natural and socio-environmental data affecting wildlife habitats. After doing a habitat use analysis and specifying significant factors for each species, we built habitat suitability models using a presence-absence model and created habitat suitability maps for each species. Biodiversity maps were generated by taxa and all species using habitat suitability maps. Significant factors affecting each species habitat were different according to their habitat selection. Although some species like a water deer or a great tit were distributed at the low elevation, most potential habitats for mammals and birds were found at the edge of a national park boundary or near a forest around the medium elevation of a mountain range. This study will be used for a basis on biodiversity assessment and proected area selection carried out by Ministry of Environment.

기술교육에서 통합적인 노력에 대한 연구 경향: 관련 학술지의 고찰

권혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Kwon ),박경숙 ( Kyung Suk Park ),이효녕 ( Hyo Nyong Lee ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2009 중등교육연구 Vol.57 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the research being conducted by those in the field of technology education in an attempt to guide future research into efforts to integrate technology, science, and mathematics education. A mixed methods design was used to analyze four major journals of technology education. Three stages of preparation, quantitative review, and qualitative review were performed. In the preparation stage, the researchers identified four major journals in the technology education field and selected forty journal articles. Using a content analysis table, three researchers reviewed the forty journal articles and completed both quantitative and qualitative reviews. The findings in the quantitative review stage were presented based on three categories of integration type, research methodology, and research data sources. Based on these findings, four research topics were discussed in the qualitative review stage. Historically, technology education has had a strong philosophical foundation and extensive experience in implementing integrative curricula or courses. In the literature surveyed, these efforts were presented as science and technology and science, technology, and math, as balanced research methods, and as the data sources students` perspectives and literature. For more efficient integration among science, technology, and mathematics, active collaborative research and practice are both needed. Also, a meta-analytic review of the integrative efforts of other disciplines(science education and mathematics education) should be performed.

과학, 기술, 공학, 그리고 수학(STEM) 교육에서 동기유발: 메타 분석적 접근

권혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Kwon ),이효녕 ( Hyo Nyong Lee ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2008 중등교육연구 Vol.56 No.3

The professional communities of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics education in the United States are united in their support for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to identify the status of motivational issues in the research work of STEM education; (2) to summarize the selected studies; and (3) to synthesize them according to motivational categories such as self-determination (competence, autonomy, and relatedness) and interest. This study is a meta-analytic review conducted according to the three stages of preparation, data selection, and analysis. The data are from research works of the ERIC database. The findings of the review of thirty three works indicates that STEM education value the students` motivational development such as interest, attitude, achievement, and enrollment. This study offers two conclusions focused on motivational issues in the STEM education. First, the integrated instruction among STEM disciplines is a way to improve students` self- determination. Second, implementing STEM education enhances teachers` motivation. Teachers must have both the knowledge and confidence to integrate STEM discipline using the abilities of coordinating, redesigning instructional materials, and communicating concepts. Therefore, professional development for integrated instruction must be developed and conducted to build up teachers` motivation. Also, this study suggests the development of the integrative instruction suitable to students` ability and encouragement of the collaborative learning.

초임계 이산화탄소와 보조용매를 이용한 돼지췌장 지질제거에 의한 판크레아틴의 생산

권혁수(Hyuk-Soo Kwon),박선영(Sun-Young Park),전병수(Byung-Soo Chun) 한국생물공학회 2003 KSBB Journal Vol.18 No.4

공학적 디자인: 과학, 기술, 공학, 수학교육의 촉진자

권혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Kwon ),박경숙 ( Kyung Suk Park ) 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 2009 과학교육연구지 Vol.33 No.2

This study aims to investigate the key common topics identified and discussed in relevant literature associated with the integrative efforts among STEM disciplines. The key methodology and pedagogy were examined and the significant benefits of using the design method for STEM education were discussed. Meta-analysis was employed and qualitative approach was mainly used to synthesize the major findings and conclusions of the 33 empirical studies. The findings of this meta-analysis revealed that the types and names describing the design methods used the various terms, but the key features have reflected the similar pedagogical benefits and key characteristics. The engineering design is an effective strategic methodology and pedagogy for STEM education. In addition, the design methods show the key benefits including (1) to improve academic achievement, (2) to promote students` affective gains, (3) to facilitate collaborative learning, and (4) to explore STEM related careers and jobs. The collaborative works among STEM professions are needed to promote the benefits of using design methods for integrating STEM subjects.

종분포모형을 이용한 히어리 서식지의 분포 특성 연구

권혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Kwon ),류지은 ( Ji Eun Ryu ),서창완 ( Chang Wan Seo ),김지연 ( Ji Yeon Kim ),임동옥 ( Dong Ok Lim ),서민환 ( Min Hwan Suh ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2012 환경영향평가 Vol.21 No.5

Since the CBD(Conservation on Biological Diversity)`s 10th Conference of the Parties adopted the protocol on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing in Nagoya 2010, the importance of endangered species studies such as habitat distribution, protection and management have been more emerged. Corylopsis coreana, an endangered species in Korea, was isolated nationally and has been damaged by anthropogenic factors. In this paper, we identified the factors affecting C. coreana habitat at the national scale and regional scale using National Survey of Natural Environment and predicted the distribution of C. coreana. Annual precipitation, precipitation of wettest quarter, temperature seasonality and Digital Elevation Model(DEM) were derived as important factors at the national scale, and precipitation of wettest quarter, DEM and solar radiation on spring were identified as important factors at regional scale. Colylopsis distribution was affected by an effect of climate significantly at the national scale, and by additionally the microclimate and topography at regional scale. These findings will be used as the basis on habitat conservation and restoration plan and climate change.

논문 : 기술교사들의 생각: 미국에서 40년 간의 변화

권혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Kwon ),마크샌더스 ( Mark Sanders ),토마스셔먼 ( Thomas Sherman ) 한국기술교육학회 2011 한국기술교육학회지 Vol.11 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 미국에서 기술교육의 목표와 내용에 관한 현직 기술교사들의 생각을 조사하는 것이다. 게다가, 이 연구는 40년간의 기술교육 분야의 종단적인 기록을 제공하였다. 하나의 온라인 설문지가 개발되어 중등학교 기술교사들 (미국의 동부, 중서부, 그리고 서부의 3개 지역의 7개 주에서 기술교육을 하고 있는 교사들과 국제기술공 학교육자협회의 회원으로 등록된 기술교사들) 에게 보내어졌다. 우리 연구팀은 전에 실시된 적이 있는 국가수준의 설문지들과 기술교육 학문분야의 새로운 화두들에 기초하여 설문지 개발 작업을 하였다. 이 설문조사의 결과는 기술교육의 목표와 내용에 관한 기술교사들의 생각의 변화를 찾고 인구통계학적인 변화를 기록하기 위하여 40년에 걸친 연구 결과들을 역사적인 맥락에서 비교하였다. 많은 결과들이 이 보고서에서 적절하게 다루어졌다. 우선, 기술교육은 다양한 프로그램 이름들로 아주 종종 사용되고 있다. 예를 들어, “공학”이라는 형태의 이름은 기술교육 프로그램들을 부르는 새로운 하나의 경향으로 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 기술교사와 학생들의 구성은 지난 10년간 다양성 면에서 본질적인 증가와 함께 시간에 따라서 다양화해지고 있다. 셋째, “문제해결능력을 개발하기”와 같은 일반교육으로서의 기술교육의 목적들은 이 연구에서 기술교사들이 가장 많이 답한 목적이나 “도구와 기계를 사용하는데 기능을 개발하는 것”과 같은 직업 교육측면의 목적들은 전의 연구에서 대부분을 차지했던 목적들이다. 마지막으로, 기술교사들은 기술교육은 설계와 문제해결의 맥락에서 가르쳐질 “기술의 핵심 개념들”을 강조해야 한다고 생각하고 있다. 이런 결과들은 기술교육 프로그램에 대한 그 영향과 기술교육분야의 미래 발전을 위한 함의에 관하여 토론되어 졌다. The purpose of this study was to investigate Technology Education teachers` beliefs about the “purposes” and “content” of Technology Education instruction in the U.S. In addition, this study provided a longitudinal record of the Technology Education profession over 40 years. An on-line survey was developed and sent separately to middle school and high school Technology Education teachers, who (1) taught within seven selected states in three regions (eastern, mid-west, and western) of the United States; and (2) were members of the International Technology and Engineering Educators` Association. We developed the instrument items based on previous national surveys and emerging issues in the profession. Findings from this survey were put into historical context by comparing results with the four national surveys covering over 40 years to identify changes in teachers` beliefs about the purposes, and content of Technology Education as well as to document demographic changes. A number of findings were pertinent to this paper. First, Technology Education is the most frequently used program name followed by a variety of alternate program names; some form of “engineering” appears to be an emerging trend for naming Technology Education programs. Second, the composition of Technology Education teachers and students has become more diverse over time with substantial increases in diversity for the past 10 years. Third, general education purposes such as “develop problem solving skills” are the most frequent purposes teachers identified while vocational type purposes such as “develop skills in using tools and machines” were prominent in previous studies. Finally, Technology Education teachers reported that they believe Technology Education should address “core concepts of technology” taught in the context of design and problem solving. These and other findings are discussed in terms of their impact on Technology Education programs and implications for future development in the profession.

종분포모형의 불확실성 확인을 위한 앙상블모형 적용

권혁수(Kwon, Hyuk Soo) 대한공간정보학회 2014 대한공간정보학회지 Vol.22 No.4

종분포모형은 생물다양성 평가, 보호지역 지정, 서식지 관리 및 복원, 기후변화 예측 등의 다양한 분야에 활용되고 있으나 공공이나 정책분야에서는 모형의 불확실성으로 인하여 활용이 제한적이었다. 최근에는 이러한 모형의 불확실성을 저감하기 위하여 앙상블이나 합의모형 등의 다중모형을 적용하는 연구가 증가하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 히어리를 대상으로 단일모형과 앙상블(다중) 모형을 적용하고 이를 비교하는 연구를 수행하였다. 모형은 AUC와 kappa, TSS를 이용하여 적합도를 평가하였으며, 이 중 모형 간의 비교가 용이하고 이항형 지도로 바로 변환할 수 있는 TSS가 효과적이었다. 단일모형과 앙상블 모형 모두 높은 모형적합도를 나타내었으며, 다중 모형 중에서는 RF, Maxent, GBM이 높게, GAM, SRE는 비교적 낮게 평가되었다. 예측지도에서는 단일모형에 비해 다중모형의 예측범위가 과대 추정되는 경향이 있었다. 이는 여러 모형이 중첩된 결과로 현장전문가와 모형전문가들 간의 협력 연구를 통하여 적절한 모형 선택과 가중치 부여 등을 통하여 문제를 해결할 수 있다. 앙상블모형을 공간의사결정이나 보호지역계획에 활용하기 위해서는 불확실성의 정도와 원인을 파악하고, 이를 저감하려는 개선작업과 함께 결과의 불확실성이나 위험성을 인지하고 의사결정을 해야 한다. Species distribution models have been widely applied in order to assess biodiversity, design reserve, manage habitat and predict climate change. However, SDMs has been used restrictively to the public and policy sectors owing to model uncertainty. Recent studies on ensemble and consensus models have been increased to reduce model uncertainty. This paper was carried out single model and multi model for Corylopsis coreana and compares two models. First, model evaluation was used AUC, kappa and TSS. TSS was the most effective method because it was easy to compare several models and convert binary maps. Second, both single and ensemble model show good performance and RF, Maxent and GBM was evaluated higher, GAM and SRE was evaluated lower relatively. Third, ensemble model tended to overestimate over single model. This problem can be solved by the suitable model selection and weighting through collaboration between field experts and modeler. Finally, we should identify causes and magnitude of model uncertainty and improve data quality and model methods in order to apply special decision-making support system and conservation planning, and when we make policy decisions using SDMs, we should recognize uncertainty and risk.

丙寅洋擾와 中國 淸政府의 對應 硏究

權赫秀(Kwon, Hyuk-soo) 백산학회 2003 白山學報 Vol.- No.65

Byungin Yangyo was the first warfare in which Korean army made a fight with Western power in the history of Korea. It was not only beginning of invading Korea by Western powers but also epochal event in the tributary relationship between Korea(Choson) and Ching government. The tributary relationship with Ching government played a institutional role in refusing requirement of trade relation and continuing a national isolation policy of Choson government. Likewise, Ching government strongly supported this isolation policy. However, with declination of Ching government, this traditional foreign policy of Choson government was not able to play a institutional role in blocking invasion of Choson government from Western powers. As a result, Choson government have to be exposed to the Western powers. When Catholic persecution accident was happened in Chosen, Ching government kept nonintervention policy to Choson accident. This Ching government's policy did not restrain French government from invading Choson Government. Furthermore, French government regarded the nonintervention policy of Ching as a refusal of the tributary relationship with Choson. This nonintervention policy of Ching government become a objective reason for Byungin Yangyo incident. In this viewpoint, Byungin Yang accident was not only the warfare activity between Choson and French government, but also a historical incident to inform a declination of tributary relationship between Choson and Ching government. It was just beginning of tragic modern history of Korea and China.

통합적 STEM 교육: 최근 동향 및 쟁점

( Mark Sanders ),권혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Kwon ),박경숙 ( Kyung Suk Park ),이효녕 ( Hyo Nyong Lee ) 경북대학교 중등교육연구소 2011 중등교육연구 Vol.59 No.3

Integrative STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics)education has been a recurring idea in American education over the past half-century. The purpose of this study is to identify contemporary trends and issues relating to integrative STEM education, using examples such as the selected historical precedents, STEM Education reform literature, the national and state STEM education standards movement, and STEM education curriculum efforts. Design-based pedagogy and engineering concepts in the K-12 education movement are also discussed as key issues of integrative STEM education. Moreover, this study describes the background and practices developed by the Integrative STEM Education program at Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University(Virginia Tech), which launched the first STEM education graduate program in the U.S. focusing on integrative approaches to STEM education. This study is based on a systematic review of the relevant literature and a narrative of unique educational practices regarding integrative STEM education. Several general trends and issues are addressed. First, the idea of teaching mathematics and science principles and processes in the context of engineering design/problem solving is not altogether new in K-12 education. Napoleon`s School for Industry, Calvin Woodward`s use of model-building to improve mathematics teaching and learning, and John Dewey`s educational philosophy stressing experiential learning in real-world setting. Second, STEM educational reform documents and national and state educational standards of science, technology, and mathematics explicitly recommend integrative approaches to STEM education. Third, STEM education curriculum developers have been developing and testing integrative STEM curriculum materials over the past two decades. Lastly, this study sought to describe the practical efforts of defining integrative STEM education and its many attributes, launching an integrative STEM education graduate program, and other integrative STEM education-related activities. This paper concludes with a discussion of the implementations of the findings presented and recommendations relating to continued implementation and research on integrative STEM Education practices. Research to develop sufficiently robust integrative models should be implemented in the context of integrative STEM teacher` preparation, and assessments of student cognitive and affective learning outcomes, such as achievement, interest, and motivation.