F-10 : Free Paper Presentation ; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Mycobacterial Infection: Decreased Function and Correlation with Natural Killer T Cells

권용수,조영난,김문주,진혜미,기승정,박용욱 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.116 No.-

Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells contribute to protection against certain microorganism infections. However, little is known about the detailed information of MAIT cells in patients with mycobacterial infection. Methods: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB; n=35), nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM; n=29), and healthy controls (n=75) were enrolled in the study. MAIT cell levels and functions were measured by flow cytometry. Results: Circluating MAIT cell levels were found to be reduced in TB and NTM patients. Serum C-reactive protein was an independent predictor of MAIT cell deficiency. MAIT cells in TB patients failed to produce interferon-γ irrespective of the mode of stimulation, whereas NTM patients displayed a defect in MR1-dependent signaling pathway. TB patients showed the positive correlation between MAIT cell levels and natural killer T (NKT) cell levels. In vitro experiments revealed that MAIT cell dysfunction was related to NKT cell dysfunction. Notably, an elevated expression of programmed death-1 was associated with MAIT cell deficiency in TB. Conclusions: This study shows that MAIT cells are numerically and functionally deficient in TB and NTM patients and these deficiencies could contribute to immune system dysreguation in mycobacterial infection.Background: Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells contribute to protection against certain microorganism infections. However, little is known about the detailed information of MAIT cells in patients with mycobacterial infection. Methods: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB; n=35), nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM; n=29), and healthy controls (n=75) were enrolled in the study. MAIT cell levels and functions were measured by flow cytometry. Results: Circluating MAIT cell levels were found to be reduced in TB and NTM patients. Serum C-reactive protein was an independent predictor of MAIT cell deficiency. MAIT cells in TB patients failed to produce interferon-γ irrespective of the mode of stimulation, whereas NTM patients displayed a defect in MR1-dependent signaling pathway. TB patients showed the positive correlation between MAIT cell levels and natural killer T (NKT) cell levels. In vitro experiments revealed that MAIT cell dysfunction was related to NKT cell dysfunction. Notably, an elevated expression of programmed death-1 was associated with MAIT cell deficiency in TB. Conclusions: This study shows that MAIT cells are numerically and functionally deficient in TB and NTM patients and these deficiencies could contribute to immune system dysreguation in mycobacterial infection.

Deficiencies of Circulating Mucosal-associated Invariant T Cells and Natural Killer T Cells in Patients with Acute Cholecystitis

김정철,진혜미,조영난,권용수,기승정,박용욱 대한의학회 2015 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.30 No.5

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells are known to play crucial roles in a variety of diseases, including autoimmunity, infectious diseases, and cancers. However, little is known about the roles of these invariant T cells in acute cholecystitis. The purposes of this study were to examine the levels of MAIT cells and NKT cells in patients with acute cholecystitis and to investigate potential relationships between clinical parameters and these cell levels. Thirty patients with pathologically proven acute cholecystitis and 47 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Disease grades were classified according to the revised Tokyo guidelines (TG13) for the severity assessment for acute cholecystitis. Levels of MAIT and NKT cells in peripheral blood were measured by flow cytometry. Circulating MAIT and NKT cell numbers were significantly lower in acute cholecystitis patients than in healthy controls, and these deficiencies in MAIT cells and NKT cell numbers were associated with aging in acute cholecystitis patients. Notably, a reduction in NKT cell numbers was found to be associated with severe TG13 grade, death, and high blood urea nitrogen levels. The study shows numerical deficiencies of circulating MAIT and NKT cells and age-related decline of these invariant T cells. In addition, NKT cell deficiency was associated with acute cholecystitis severity and outcome. These findings provide an information regarding the monitoring of these changes in circulating MAIT and NKT cell numbers during the course of acute cholecystitis and predicting prognosis.

Evaluation of Concordance between Learning Outcomes of Basic Medical Education Courses and Assessment Items of the Medical Licensing Examination

김나진,박인애,김은주,백승애,권난이,이혜인,김수영,Kim, Na Jin,Park, In Ae,Kim, Eun Ju,Baek, Seung Ae,Kwon, Nani,Lee, Hye In,Kim, Su Young Yonsei university college of medicine 2015 의학교육논단 Vol.17 No.1

During the education reform in 2009, the Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine (CUMC) adopted body systems as the basis for structuring basic medical education. After running the new program for 5 years, we need to evaluate the program by comparing it with nationwide standards. This study was designed to evaluate the coverage of our basic medical education program by comparing it with the assessment items of the medical licensing examination for physicians in the Republic of Korea. We built a relational database populated with 3,017 learning outcomes from all the courses on basic medical education. We tagged each learning outcome according to 2 criteria: 206 physician encounters and 9 outcome domains. A majority of the learning outcomes were in the domains of 'knowledge' and 'critical thinking'. In addition, we repeated the categorization process with 584 assessment items of the medical licensing examination in the Republic of Korea and compared them with the categorization results of the learning outcomes. Among the 206 physician encounters, we found that outcomes on family violence and sexual violence were missing in the learning outcomes of CUMC. Eighty-two physician encounters were associated with more than one outcome domain, and 96 physician encounters were covered in more than one course. Twenty-one physician encounters were repeated in 5 or more courses and 34 physician encounters had outcomes categorized into 3 or more domains. Thus, we showed that the 2-way categorization could be applied to the comparison and evaluation of two different education formats.

에너지교육 프로그램 개발 사례

이재영,김인호,김찬국,김남수,권상인,정수정,곽정난,조경준,박효인,조찬희 한국환경교육학회 2009 한국환경교육학회 학술대회 자료집 Vol.- No.1

가족 기업이 혁신지향성을 기반으로 국제화를 시도하는 데 있어서 정부-기업 간의 긴밀한 관계는 약이 되는가 독이 되는가?: 중국 가족기업의 사례를 중심으로

한주희(Joohee Han),장성난(Shengnan Zhang),권인수(Insu Kwon),김상준(Sang-Joon Kim) 연세대학교 경영연구소 2021 연세경영연구 Vol.58 No.3

본 연구는 가족기업이 주주 및 다양한 이해관계자는 물론 가족 스스로의 가치를 향상하기 위한 복잡한 의사결정이 이루어짐에 주목하고, 기업 성장의 한 측면인 국제화 과정에 영향을 주는 요인들을 탐색적으로 분석하고자 한다. 특히 자원기반 이론에 근거한다면, 국제화가 진전을 이루기 위해서는 기업 자신만의 고유한 자원이 필요하다고 볼 수 있고, 이러한 논리에 근거하여 기업이 가지고 있는 혁신지향성이 국제화를 촉진할 수 있는 중요한 기제가 될 수 있다고 보았다. 하지만 가족기업은 가족, 주주, 이해관계자들의 가치를 추구하는 복잡성이 존재하기 때문에, 혁신지향성에 기반한 국제화의 시도가 자원기반의 경쟁우위 차원에서의 의사결정이 아니라 가치추구 대상의 복잡성으로 인해서 나타날 수 있음을 강조하고자 한다. 이에 가족중심적인 의사결정에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인으로 외부 기관과의 자원 교환관계가 혁신지향성과 국제화 간의 관계를 조절할 수 있다고 보았다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 중국 가족기업을 연구대상으로 삼았다. 경제성장의 과정에 있는 중국의 가족기업의 경우라면 국제화가 다각적인 측면에서 요구되고 있고, 특히 기업과 정부와의 긴밀한 관계가 형성되어 있어 가족기업의 가치추구 체계에 영향을 줄 수 있기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구는 중국의 상황을 맥락화하여 중국 가족기업의 혁신지향성이 어떻게 국제화를 보다 성공적으로 이루게 하는지 분석하고, 특히 대정부 꽌시가 혁신지향성과 국제화와의 관계에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 파악하고자 한다. 실증분석은 2003-2019년 중국 상장기업 491개를 대상으로 이루어졌고 , 분석 결과 기업의 혁신 지향성은 국제화 정도에 정(+)의 주효과를 보여주었다. 다만, 대정부 꽌시는 혁신지향성과 국제화의 관계에 대해서는 부(-)의 조절효과를 보여주었다. 이는 가족 기업의 혁신 지향성의 정도는 국제화 전략에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 대정부 꽌시도 국제화에 긍정적인 역할을 할 수는 있지만, 대정부 꽌시가 높아지게 되면 혁신지향성이 오히려 국제화에 걸림돌이 됨을 알 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 실증연구를 바탕으로 비단 중국의 상황뿐만 아니라 가족기업이 외부 기관들과의 관계에서 나타날 수 있는 가치추구 복잡성의 상황을 가족기업이 스스로 어떻게 이해하고 받아들이며 대응하는지 토론한다. This study examines the relationship between corporate innovation orientation and the level of internationalization of family businesses in the Chinese context. From the prior literature, it has been understood that internationalization is not largely considered in a core strategy of family firms as it is risky and uncertain in enhancing their family values. Given this, we contend in this study that innovation orientation can play an important role as a facilitating factor for internationalization of family firms. Furthermore, we elaborate the link between innovation and Internationalization by investigating the role of company-government relations (called governmental guanxi). While family firms utilize the resources provided by the government, based on a reciprocal relationship between firms and the government, they have to cope with complexity where family values and governmental demands coexist within the firms. Given such, we argue that this value complexity demotivates family firms to expand their businesses through internationalization, as the firms pay more attention to and have more innovation efforts for governmental demands (such as local economic development) rather than for building up competitive advantages for foreign markets. To test this idea, we sample 491 family firms located in Shanghai and Shenzhen between 2003 and 2019. Collecting the data from the database of China Stock Market & Accounting Research Database, we find that given positive main effects of innovation orientation respectively on the intensity and the speed of internationalization, there are negative moderation effects of governmental guanxi on their relationships. These findings show that governmental guanxi has a two face, a facilitator for and a constraint on internationalization of family firms. With these findings, we further discuss the theoretical and practical implications to Korean family firms.