혐기 및 2단 교호(交互) 간헐폭기를 이용한 생물학적 질소, 인 제거 공정에 대한 수학적 모델 접근

권기한 고려대학교 대학원 2004 국내석사

간헐폭기 공정은 A^(2)/O 등과 같이 연속적인 유입 및 유출이 일어남과 동시에 일정한 시간에 따라 폭기 및 비폭기를 반복적으로 수행하여 반응조내의 환경을 변화시킴으로써 SBR과 같이 안정적인 유출 수질을 얻을 수 있는 특징을 갖고 있다. 그러나 이를 수학적 모델에 적용하는 데에는 공정의 특성상 비록 유입 농도가 일정할지라도 시간에 따라 반응조내 오염물질의 농도가 바뀌어 정상상태에서의 수학적 해석에 어려움이 따른다(Anderson et., al., 2000). 따라서 간헐폭기 공정에 대한 수학적 모델의 접근을 위해서는 IWA에 의해 제시 되었던 ASM을 이용함에 있어 동역학식 및 기타 계수와 매개 변수들에 대한 보정이 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 ASM 2d를 간헐폭기 공정에 적용하기 위해 일부 동역학식을 변형시켜 적용하였다. 우선 산소 공급을 위한 폭기 공정을 추가하였다. 또한, 인 제거 미생물의 반응에 있어 ASM 2d에서는 X_(PHA)의 저장 및 인 방출에 대한 공정을 혐기성 및 호기성, 무산소성의 모든 상태에 대해 동일하게 적용하였으나, X_(PHA)의 저장 및 인의 방출은 호기성, 무산소성 그리고 혐기성 등 반응조내의 환경에 따라 차이가 나타나 본 연구에서는 이에 대해 X_(PHA)의 저장을 반응조내 환경에 따라 변화시키기 위해 용존 산소와 질산성 질소 농도에 대한 부분을 추가하여 적용하였다. 마지막으로 질산화 공정의 경우 PO4^(3-)-P의 섭취에 대한 부분을 제외시켜 적용하였다. 설립된 모델은 pilot 규모 반응기 운전 기간 중 수행된 회분실험을 통하여 동역학적 매개변수에 대한 보정을 수행하였으며 이를 통하여 공정의 처리수질을 예측함과 동시에 아울러 본 공정에서 반응조 내부에서의 질소 및 인의 거동을 해석해 보고자 하였다. 그 결과 상기 공정에 대해 적용된 모델의 변형이 타당하다는 것을 알 수 있었으며 이를 바탕으로 양론 계수 및 동역학적 매개변수에 대한 보정을 수행하였다. 보정은 K_(h), q_(PHA), q_(PP), K_(MAX), μ_(AUT)와 μ_(PAO)에 대한 보정이 이루어졌으며 이를 회분실험 모델에 적용한 결과 NUR과 SDNR 값은 유입수중의 유기물 특성에 따라 차이가 나타났으나 전체적인 반응속도는 실측값과 유사하였다. 또한 그 외 (S)AUR, (S)PUR, (S)PRR 역시 모델결과가 실측값에 매우 근접한 결과를 나타내 것으로 관찰되었다. 보정된 동역학적 매개변수를 이용하여 pilot-scale 반응기에 수학적 모델을 적용한 결과 실측값과 모델 값이 매우 유사하게 나타나 당 모델을 통한 혐기 및 2단 간헐폭기 공정을 이용한 처리 수질에 대한 예측이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. One of the advantages for the intermittent aeration(IA) process is to get the stable effluent quality by changing the reactor conditions with air on/off. However, because th IA process is forced by regularly swiching air on and off, its dynamics do not normally asymptote to a steady state, even under constant influent composition. (Anderson et., al., 2000). Thus, it is necessary to modify the ASM 2d which is reproted by IWA in order to apply the model to the IA process. And then, the stoichiometric and kinetic parameters should be calibrated. In this study, Some of process rate in ASM 2d were modified to apply the model to IA process. At first, the aeration process was used to supply the oxygen in the IA reactor during air on. In ASM 2d, there is no difference in the reaction rate for storage of X_(PHA) with different reaction conditions such as anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic phase. But some researchers distinguished the reaction rate among the conditions. In this model, thus, we have considered the difference for storage of X_(PHA) at each condition. At last, we have assumed that the nitrification process requires no consumption of PO_(4)^(3-)-P as a nutrient. The model was set with above assumptions and calibrated according to the result from the batch experiments. It can be concluded from the results as followed: The modification of the model is adequate to predict the intermittent aeration process. With the modified model, some kinetic parameter-K_(h), q_(PHA), q_(PP), K_(MAX), μ_(AUT) and μ_(PAO)-were calibrated based on sensitivity analysis and batch experiments. After calibration, the simulation results of the model for biological reaction rate as (s)AUR, (s)NUR, (s)PRR and (s)PUR were agreed with batch experiments. Finally, the modified model can predict well the efficiency for an anaerobic tank and two intermittent aeration tanks.

Isolation and characterization of macrophage-stimulating polysaccharide from perilla frutescens BRITTON var. crispa

권기한 고려대학교 2001 국내석사

軍服務期間의 敎育實態와 除隊後 社會的 適應에 미치는 影響

권기한 弘益大學校 1994 국내석사

의사소통 중심의 영어 발음교육에 관한 연구

권기한 계명대학교 교육대학원 2004 국내석사

This study aims to discuss what is a more desirable and effective way to teach English pronunciation in order to develop communicative competence of Korean learners of English. To attain this aim, I surveyed the objectives, characteristics and pronunciation methods of current language teaching theories, which influenced on the Korean English curricula. Grammar-Translation Method and Cognitive Approach paid little attention to teaching pronunciation because they focused on reading and grammar. Audio-lingual Method, emphasizing the acquisition of the accurate pronunciation through imitation and repetition, had much pattern practices with isolated words and sentences. However, classroom-based drills did not help transfer fluent pronunciations to actual communicative competence. Recently, in need of authentic communicative competence, Communicative Language Teaching has stressed on acquiring accurate pronunciation as well as fluent pronunciation in real communicative situations. I also tried to find out two major differences of English and Korean sound systems, which may cause difficulties to Korean learners of English. First, Korean has no consonant clusters at phonological levels, while English permits from one to three consonants in word-initial position, ranging from one to four in word-final position. Hence, Korean speakers have great difficulties in pronouncing words with consonant clusters. Furthermore, they tend to add unnecessary vowel /?/ to the sequence of consonants; for example, /spriŋ/ to /s?p?riŋ/, and these vowel insertions make English sound and rhythm incorrect and unnatural. To solve this problem, more meaningful dialogues are needed to pronounce consonant clusters without inserting the vowel /?/. Second, Korean is a syllable-timed language, but English is a stress-timed language. Stress is a very crucial factor in English, and the content words which have the most information in a sentence are usually stressed, while the function words are unstressed. The alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables makes English rhythm pattern and causes the change of English sounds which is called reduction and liaison. Schwa /?/ is a good example of reduction. Because Korean learners don't understand the importance of English stress, rhythm, reduction and liaison in connected speech, they have difficulties in English pronunciation, and their pronunciations are often considered as unintelligible. To improve communicative competence of Korean learners of English, it is desirable to teach sounds and meanings simultaneously, and necessary to practice dialogs which include sounds in question in a meaningful context. Especially, the teacher should put more emphasis on suprasegmental units than on segmental ones, helping the students recognize and drill the syllable, stress, rhythm and intonation, which have much influence on conveying the meanings of sentences effectively. In teaching the pronunciation of English, it is necessary to make good use of the accuracy-focused and fluency-focused activities presented in Chapter 4. In conclusion, most importantly, students should have more opportunities to practice their pronunciation in communicative activities, and teachers should act as a facilitator and as an advisor during the interactive activities. 본 연구의 목적은 한국인 영어학습자의 의사소통 능력을 향상시키기 위한 영어 발음교육의 바람직하고 효과적인 방법을 논의하는데 있다. 이러한 목적을 위해, 본 연구자는 우리나라 영어 교육과정에 영향을 준 최근 언어 교수 이론의 목적과 특징 그리고 발음교육 방법들을 간략하게 기술하였다. 문법 번역식 교수법과 인지적 접근법은 읽기와 문법에 중점을 두었기 때문에, 발음교육에는 거의 관심을 기울이지 않았다. 청화식 교수법은 모방과 반복을 통한 정확한 발음의 습득을 강조하고, 주로 고립된 단어나 문장을 중심으로 많은 문형연습을 실시하였다. 그러나 이러한 교실중심의 훈련은 유창한 발음이 실제 자연스러운 의사소통 능력으로 전이되는데 도움이 되지 못했다. 최근 실제적인 의사소통 능력의 필요로 의사소통 중심 교육에서는 실제 의사소통 상황에서의 정확하고 유창한 발음의 습득을 강조하고 있다. 그리고 한국인 영어학습자들의 영어 발음학습에 어려움을 유발하는 한국어와 영어 음운체계상의 중요한 두 가지 차이를 조사하였다. 첫째, 한국어는 음운적 단계에서 자음군을 허용하지 않지만, 영어는 음절전부에 3개의 자음을, 음절후부에 최대 4개의 자음을 허용한다. 그래서 영어를 배우는 한국어 화자들은 자음군이 포함된 단어를 발음하는데 많은 어려움을 겪게 되고, 또한 /spriŋ/을 /s?p?riŋ/과 같이 자음군에 불필요한 모음을 첨가하는 경향이 있다. 불필요한 모음의 첨가는 영어의 음과 리듬을 부정확하고 자연스럽지 못하게 만든다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 유의미한 대화 속에서 모음 /?/을 첨가하지 않고 자음군을 발음하려는 노력이 필요하다. 둘째, 한국어는 음절박자 언어인 반면, 영어는 강세박자 언어이다. 강세는 영어의 아주 중요한 요소이며, 일반적으로 문장정보를 가진 내용어는 강세를 가지고, 기능어는 강세를 가지지 않는다. 강세음절과 비강세음절의 교차는 영어의 리듬을 만들어내고 소리의 변화를 일으키게 되는데, 이러한 과정을 축약과 연음이라 한다. 애매모음 /?/는 이러한 축약의 좋은 예라 할 수 있다. 한국인 영어학습자들은 연속된 발화 속에서의 강세나 리듬, 축약 그리고 연음을 중요성을 이해하지 못하기 때문에, 영어발음에 어려움을 겪고 때로는 이해할 수 없는 발음으로 인식되기도 한다. 한국인 영어학습자들의 의사소통 능력을 향상시키기 위해서는 소리와 의미를 동시에 지도하는 것이 바람직하며, 유의미적인 맥락 속에서 문제가 되는 음을 대화로 구성하여 연습할 필요가 있다. 특히, 교사는 분절적 요소보다는 문장의 의미를 효과적으로 전달하는데 더 많은 영향을 주는 초분절적 요소를 강조할 필요가 있고, 학생들에게 음절, 강세, 리듬 그리고 억양을 이해시키고 연습하도록 도와주어야 한다. 영어 발음지도를 하는데 있어, 본 연구의 제 4장에서 제시한 정확성 중심의 발음지도 활동과 유창성 중심의 발음지도 활동을 균형적으로 활용하는 것이 필요하다. 결론적으로, 학생들은 의사소통적 활동 속에서 그들의 발음을 연습할 기회를 많이 가지는 것이 가장 중요하며, 이때 교사는 상호작용 활동의 촉진자 또는 조력자로서의 역할을 수행하는 것이 좋다.

영어의 WH-이동에 관한 연구

권기한 계명대학교 대학원 1997 국내석사

企業의 倫理經營이 企業이미지와 消費者의 購買意圖에 미치는 影響

권기한 서울시립대학교 경영대학원 2007 국내석사

This research is to prove by experience that the company's ethical management in relation with the common good consumers know of, have effect on the company's image and the consumer's intention to purchase the company's product. Recently companies are putting more effort into ethical management to improve their image and income. In the past, companies were moved only by income, and companies were known only for their high income. But these days companies have become a major part in society and they are putting effort to solve society problems. So they can earn good images from the consumers by these efforts and make bigger income also with helping to provide consumers with better products. So this is the time where companies need the ethical management related with common good strategy. From this research we can find out that the ethical management strategy has effect on the companies image and the consumers intention to buy the companies product. So we can know from this research that the companies leading the 21st century must use the ethical management strategy. So we must spend a lot of time and effort to find out the difference between our companies and overseas companies and find the right type of ethical management strategy that suits our companies.

낮은 Rayleigh 값의 Benard 대류 유동에서 기포 성장에 따른 열전달 특성 연구

권기한 安東大學校 大學院 2002 국내석사

Thermocapillary flow which is driven by the difference of surface tension is a very interesting subject in many industrial processes. Recently, this kind of flow phenomenon has increasingly received attention in many applications such as life support system, design of thermal bus for the space station, gas-liquid separation process and boiling in a micro-gravity environment, etc. However, the flow characteristics have not yet been understood well, especially in the gravitational field condition. In most of researches carried out to date, the bulk liquid has been considered to be stagnant initially. The aim of this study is to investigate the flow phenomena formed around a bubble injected on an upper cooled solid wall and to observe the major characteristics of the flow and temperature fields as the bubble grows up. Be´nard convection flow with a low-Rayleigh number is initiated inside a square test rig, in which the upper and lower flat walls are cooled and heated. An image process technique of a thermo-sensitive liquid crystal tracer method technique is used to visualize the flow and temperature fields. This method offers the advantage of measuring the entire flow field in a selected plane within the fluid unlike a conventional thermocouple or RTD(resistance temperature detector). The air bubble is injected gradually by 0.1㎖ through the center of the upper flat wall. After the 0.2㎖ bubble is injected, the stagnant region of the flow is observed around the bubble surface. It is shown that the flow and temperature fields are governed by an interaction between the thermocapillary convection arising at the bubble surface and the Be´nard convection. At seven minutes after the 0.2㎖bubble is injected, thermocapillay flow is significantly increased around the bubble surface and moves toward the direction opposite to the initial flow direction. Due to a temperature gradient along the bubble surface, surface tension is highest near both the sides of the bubble and lowest near the bottom of the bubble. This surface tension variation generates thermocapillary flow along the bubble surface and moves liquid toward both the sides of the bubble. As the liquid moves up along the bubble surface due to the thermocapillary effect, the surrounding liquid is pulled towards the end of the bubble to maintain the continuity of the flow. On the other hand, liquid near the lower flat is governed by the buoyancy convection. It accelerates the thermocapillary flow and is transmitted to the other cells of Be´nard convection. The upward flow leads to the change of flow and temperature fields inside the square cavity. The thermocapillary flow causes the flow direction and temperature field of Be´nard convection to be changed. As the size of the bubble is increased, the flow patterns and the number of the cells of the Be´nard convection is varied significantly.

비뉴튼액체의 支特液膜을 통한 6價 크롬의 物質傳達

권기한 釜山大學校 大學院 2002 국내석사

The separation of Cr(Ⅵ) from the acidic aqueous solution was carried out at 25℃ in a supported liquid membrane of batch type by using microporous polymeric membrane (polytetrafluoroethylene). The membrane liquid was prepared by adding polybutene (PB, 0∼30wt%) and polyisobutylene (PIB, 0∼1wt%) into toluene. The influence of the rheological properties of viscoelastic toluene solution on mass transfer rate was investigated by experimental measurements as well as theoretical analysis. The membrane-side mass transfer coefficients of Cr(Ⅵ) were obtained from the mass balance between the feed side of SLM and the stripping side of NaOH solution by using the time dependence of Cr(Ⅵ) concentration in the feed side and with carrier. The rheological properties of the polymer solution were determined from the relation between the normal stress difference and shear rate, and between the shear stress and shear rate by using a rheometer. The viscoelasticsity of PIB/PB/Tol solution increased with increasing PIB concentration with increasing concentration of PB and PIB, and the apparent viscosity and Weissenberg number increased, but interfacial tension decreased with increasing concentration of PB and PIB. An empirical correlation of membrane-side mass transfer coefficient was proposed as follows : ◁수식 삽입▷(원문을 참조하세요) The stability of membrane liquid of PIB/PB/Tol solution was increased by PIB.

무용 전공자의 체력과 신체정렬 분석

권기한 계명대학교 교육대학원 2014 국내석사

The study tried to figure out physical strength level of dance majors and then investigate aspects of body alignment. The study subjects were 16 majors of Korean traditional dance, 15 majors of modern dance, and 16 general female citizens. Among them, the study progressed with study subjects who agreed to participate in the study after they heard study purpose and procedure. The participants were measured for these: physical strength[grip strength(left·right), back strength, trunk forward flexion, trunk backward flexion, sit-up] and body alignment[shoulder gradient, pelvis gradient, leg flexure(left·right), difference in leg length, cervical vertebrae gradient, upper body gradient, pelvis back and forth gradient, scoliosis angle, shoulder bone gradient, shoulder gradient, pelvis gradient, angle of calcaneal gradient(left·right)]. And the results were known as follows. 1. Physical Strength 1) Grip strength(left·right) of the general female group was significantly higher than the Korean traditional dance group and the modern dance group(p<.05). 2) For back strength, there were no significant differences. 3) Trunk forward flexion of the modern dance group was significantly higher than the Korean traditional dance group and the general female group(p<.05). 4) Trunk backward flexion of the modern dance group was significantly higher than the Korean traditional dance group and the general female group(p<.05). And Trunk backward flexion of the Korean traditional dance group was significantly higher than the general female group(p<.05). 5) Sit-up of the general female group was significantly higher than the Korean traditional dance group and the modern dance group(p<.05). 2. Body Alignment 1) For shoulder gradient, pelvis gradient, leg flexure(left·right), difference in leg length in front body alignment, there were no significant differences. 2) Cervical vertebrae gradient in side body alignment of the general female group was significantly higher than the Korean traditional dance group and the modern dance group(p<.05). Upper body gradient of the general female group was significantly higher than the Korean traditional dance group and the modern dance group(p<.05). For pelvis back and forth gradient, there were no significant differences. 3) Angle of calcaneal gradient(left·right) in back body alignment of the Korean traditional dance group and the modern dance group was significantly higher than the general female group(p<.05). For scoliosis angle, shoulder bone gradient, shoulder gradient, and pelvis gradient, there were no significant differences. Based on the study results, it was found that general female showed significant differences in physical strength than dance majors. For cervical vertebrae gradient and upper body gradient in body alignment, dance majors showed positive results. For angle of calcaneal gradient(left·right), dance majors showed results of unbalance. This study may provide basis for scientific exercise prescription program designed to improve both physical strength and dance performance capability by investigating physical characteristics of dance majors and considering their body alignment etc.. 본 연구는 무용 전공자들의 체력 수준을 밝히고, 신체정렬 양상을 알아보고자 하였다. 한국무용 전공자 16명, 현대무용 전공자 15명, 일반여성 16명을 연구대상으로 하였으며, 연구의 개요와 목적, 절차를 설명하고 동의한 사람들을 대상으로 체력[악력(좌·우), 배근력, 체전굴, 체후굴, 윗몸일으키기] 및 신체정렬[어깨기울기, 골반기울기, 다리굴곡(좌·우), 다리길이차이, 경추기울기, 상체기울기, 골반전후기울기, 척추휨각, 견갑골기울기, 어깨기울기, 골반기울기, 종골각기울기(좌·우)]를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 체력 1) 악력(좌·우)에서 한국무용, 현대무용 집단보다 일반여성 집단에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 2) 배근력에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 3) 체전굴에서는 한국무용, 일반여성 집단보다 현대무용 집단에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 4) 체후굴에서는 한국무용, 일반여성 집단보다 현대무용 집단에서 유의하게 높게 나타났으며(p<.05), 일반여성 집단보다 한국무용 집단에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 5) 윗몸일으키기에서는 한국무용, 현대무용 집단보다 일반여성 집단에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 2. 신체정렬 1) 전면 신체정렬에서 어깨기울기, 골반기울기, 다리굴곡(좌·우), 다리길이차이 모두 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 2) 측면 신체정렬에서 경추기울기는 한국무용, 현대무용 집단보다 일반여성 집단에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 상체기울기에서는 한국무용, 현대무용 집단보다 일반여성 집단에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 골반전후기울기에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 3) 후면 신체정렬에서 종골각기울기(좌·우)는 일반여성 집단보다 한국무용, 현대무용 집단에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다(p<.05). 척추휨각, 견갑골기울기, 어깨기울기, 골반기울기에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구를 종합해보면, 일반여성이 무용 전공자들보다 체력에서는 유의한 차이를 보였고, 신체정렬에서는 경추기울기, 상체기울기에서 무용 전공자들이 긍정적인 결과를 보였으며, 종골각기울기(좌·우)에서는 무용 전공자들이 불균형적인 결과를 보였다. 따라서 무용 전공자들의 신체적 특성을 파악하여 체력증진뿐만 아니라 신체정렬 등을 고려하여 무용 수행능력 향상을 위한 과학적인 운동처방의 근거자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

단락재진술 훈련이 국민학교아동의 독해력 향상에 미치는 효과

권기 동아대학교 대학원 1990 국내석사

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of Jenkins'(1987) paragraph restatement training on children's reading comprehension. This is to establish educational validity of reading comprehension training in Korean educational setting. Three specific problem set in this study were as follows: 1. On what degree reading comprehension and academic achievement would be correlated? 2. Would it be accessible to teach children to use paragraph restatements? 3. Would the paragraph restatements improve children's reading comprehension? The subjects were 104 fifth graders, who were randomly assigned either to an experimental condition or to a control condition. Again, children in these two conditions were subdivided into two levels of reading comprehension respective1y. Children in experimental condition received Jenkins' paragraph reststement training. The training consists of 3 posses. In first phases, children are taught to find key word out of each paragraph, and took 3 sessions. In secand phase, children are taught to summarize each paragraph in the fewest possible words, and took 6 sessions. In three phase, children are thaught to grasp the theme of the passage, and took 6 sessions. Reading materials used were 30 passages partly drafted from Park's(1989) learning strategy Program and Partly selected from text books of Korean language, social studies and science of elementary levels. Statistical verifications were done through a coefficient of correlation, t-test, χ^(2), and two way analysis of variance. The conclusions obtained from the results of this study were as follows: 1. Rreading comprehension and academic achievements are mediately correlated, and thus improvement in reading comprehension can result in the improvement of academic achivements. Accordingly, educational validity of reading comprehension training has been proved. 2. Paragraph restatement training was successfully applied to Korean children and has improved children's rending comprehension regardless of their comprehension levels. Especially the comprehension of low-level experimental students has core up to the level of high-level control counterparts. Accordingly, paragraph restatement training can be used as one of the effictive teaching strategy to improve children's reading comprehension.