간엽 부분 절제한 흰쥐에 있어서 혈청 Ceruloplasmin 의 함량 변동

곽춘식,조준승 ( Chun Sik Kwak,Joon Seung Jo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1976 BMB Reports Vol.9 No.4

This study concerns an observation noted in changes of. serum ceruloplasmin after hepatectomy (removal of 70% of the liver) in rats. These data were compared with those of several values of liver function tests and incorporation rates of amino acid mixed-^(14)C into serum protein in the same rats. After partial hepatectomy of the rats, serum ceruloplasmin contents were significantly increased in the span of two to three days (peak on the third day). However, the values returned to normal after six days. The levels of alkaline phosphatase in the serum of same rats significantly increased after hepatectomy to reach its peak on the second day and these levels continued to be high throughout the 10 days. The activity of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase was also elevated 12 hours to two days following partial hepatectomy in rats. No significant changes in total bilirubin contents were noted throughout the experiments. Serum total protein contents and incorporation of amino acid mixed-^(14)C into serum protein were significantly decreased in the regenerating stage. The most decreased values were seen after two days in incorporation rate and three days in serum total protein contents.

Ethanol 중독 흰쥐에서 총담관결찰이 간의 Glutathione S-Transferase, Glutathione Peroxidase 및 Glutathione Reductase 활성에 미치는 영향

곽춘식,김여희,조준승,Kwak, Chun-Sik,Kim, You-Hee,Jo, Joon-Seung 생화학분자생물학회 1990 한국생화학회지 Vol.23 No.2

급성 및 만성 주정중독 흰쥐에서 담즙울체가 간의 glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione reductase(GR) 및 glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) 활성 변동에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위하여 이 실험을 하였다. 흰쥐에게 만성 주정중독을 시켰을 때 간의 세포질과 microsome 분획의 GST 활성도는 약간 증가 되었다. 그러나 mitochondria 분획의 GST 활성도는 변동을 나타내지 않았다. 또한 만성 주정 중독군에서 간의 GR 및 간의 세포질 분획의 GSH-Px의 활성도와 급성 주정중독군에서 간 세포질, mitochondria 및 microsome 분획의 GST, 간의 GR과 간의 세포질 분획의 GSH-Px 활성도 등도 변동이 없었다. 만성 주정중독 후 총담관을 결찰한 군에서 간 세포질 분획의 GST 활성도는 실험의 전기간을 통해 의의 있는 활성 감소를 나타내었다. 그러나 감소의 정도는 총담관결찰군보다 현저하지 않았다. 그리고 간세포 mitochondria 분획에서 GST 활성도는 총담관결찰군이 총담관결찰 후 14일에 약간 감소되었으나 만성 주정중독 후 총담관을 결찰한 군에서는 2일 부터 14일까지 의의 있는 감소를 나타내었다. 또한 microsome 분획의 GST 활성도는 총담관결찰군에서는 총담관결찰 후 7일 및 14일에 현저한 증가를 나타내었다. 그러나 만성 주정증독 후 총담관을 결찰한 군에서는 실험의 전기간을 통해 증가를 보이지 않았다. 만성 주정중독 후 총담관을 결찰한 군에서 간의 GR 활성도는 총담관결찰 후 2일부터 14일까지 증가를 나타내었으나 그 증가의 정도는 총담관결찰군보다 현저하지 않았다. 반면에, 만성 주정중독 후 총담관을 결찰한 군에서 GSH-Px 활성도는 총담관결찰 후 14일에 의의 있는 감소를 나타내었다. 그러나 그 감소의 정도는 총담관결찰군보다 현저하지 않았다. 총담관결찰 14일 후 급성 주정증독을 시킨 군에서 간 세포질 분획의 GST와 GSH-Px의 활성도는 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 그러나 그 활성 감소의 정도는 총담관결찰만 하고 14일에 희생시킨 군보다는 현저하지 않았다. 총담관결찰 14일 후 급성 주정중독을 시킨 군에서 간세포 microsome 분획의 GST와 간의 GR 활성도는 현저한 증가를 나타내었다. 그러나 그 활성 증가의 정도는 총담관결찰만 한 후 14일에 희생시킨 군보다 현저하지 않았다. 총담관결찰 14일 후 급성 주정중독을 시킨 군에서 간세포 mitochondria 분획의 GST 활성도는 총담관결찰만 한 후 14일에 희생시킨 군과 마찬가지로 의의 있는 활성 감소를 나타내었다. 이상 실험결과를 보아 급성 및 만성 주정중독시 간에 담즙울체가 야기되면 endoplasmic retieulum의 GST와 세포질의 GR 활성도가 간에 담즙울체만 야기시켰을때 보다 그 활성이 감소되는 것으로 보이며 반면에 간의 세포질 분획의 GST와 GSH-Px 활성도는 증가되는 것 같았다. 그리고 만성 주정중독시에만 세포질과 endoplasmic reticulum의 GST 활성도가 약간 증가되는 것 같았다. This study was made to see the effect of common bile duct ligation on liver glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase(GR) activities in rats suffering from acute and chronic intoxication of ethanol. For chronic intoxication of ethanol, the rats were fed 5%(v/v) ethanol instead of water for 60 days. Common bile duct of the same group of rats were ligated with ethanol constantly being fed. The rats were then killed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 14th days of the procedure to measure the cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal GST, and cytosolic GSH-Px activities of the liver. The liver GR activities were also measured. For acute intoxication of ethanol, 4g of ethanol were administered orally per kg of body weight as a single dose. The rats were killed at the 1.5th and 24th hours of the procedure for study. On the 14th day following common bile duct ligation, the rats were acutely intoxicated with ethanol to be killed at the 1.5th and 24th hours for measuring the activities of the above enzyme. The rats liver cytosolic and microsomal GST activities showed slight increase in chronically ethanol intoxicated group but the mitochondrial GST activities did not increase in this group. The rats liver cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal GST activities showed no significant changes in acutely ethanol intoxicated groups. In terms of rats liver GR and liver cytosolic GSH-Px activities, no significant changes were shown in either chronically ethanol intoxicated groups or acutely ethanol intoxicated groups. The groups that received common bile duct (CBD) ligation after being chronically intoxicated with ethanol showed considerable decrease in the liver cytosolic GST activities. However, the activities showed a less degree than groups of CBD ligation. The liver mitochondrial GST activities of the CBD ligation groups showed slight decrease at the 14th day of the ligation. But the activities of the groups with the ligation after chronic ethanol intoxication showed of the ligation. But the activities of the groups with the ligation after chronic ethanol intoxication showed significant decrease at the 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 14th days following the operation. The liver microsomal GST activities of the (CBD) ligation groups showed remarkable increase at the 7th and 14th days of the ligation. But the activities showed no significant increase in the groups with the ligation following the chronic ethanol intoxication. The groups that received CBD ligation after being chronically intoxicated with ethanol showed considerable increase at the 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 14th days following the operation in the liver GR activities. On the other hand, the liver cytosolic GSH-Px activities showed significant increase at the 14th days after the ligation. However, the activities showed a far less on the same time points than the groups only with the CBD ligation. At the 1.5th and 24th hours following the acute intoxication with ethanol which was done after 14 days of the CBD ligation, the rats showed less remarkable decrease in the liver cytosolic GST and GSH-Px activities than the group only with the 14th day following CBD ligation. The liver microsomal GST liver GR activities, however, showed considerable increase at the 1.5th and the 24th hours following the acute intoxication with ethanol which was done after 14 days of the CBD ligation. But the activities showed a less degree than group with the 14th day following CBD ligation. At the 1.5th and the 24th hours following the acute intoxication with ethanol which was done after 14 days of the CBD ligation, the liver mitochondrial GST activity decreased significantly, and the same was seen in the group with the 14th day following CBD ligation.

흰쥐재생간의 Alkaline Phosphatase의 활성치

곽춘식,조준승,Kwak, Chun-Sik,Jo, Joon-Seung 생화학분자생물학회 1978 한국생화학회지 Vol.11 No.2

간을 부분 절제했을 때의 재생산 및 혈청의 alkaline photiphatase (ALP)의 변동을 관찰하기 위하여 건강한 흰쥐를 사용하여 간을 약 70% 부분 절제하고 10일 동안 경시적으로 재생간 및 혈청중의 ALP의 총 활성과 그 isoenzyme 분획을 측정하고 아울러 혈청 총 bilirubin과 GTP, 그리고 재생간에서의 간 단백 및 혈청 단백의 합성 속도 등을 측정하여 상호 비교 검토하였다. 재생간의 ALP치는 간엽 부분 절제후 그 활성이 증가하여 수술후 2일에 최고치에 달하고 이후 감소되어 정상으로 회복되었다. 또한 혈청 ALP의 변동도 재생간의 그것과 유사한 경향을 보여 수술후 12시간부터 급격히 증가하여 2일에 최고치에 달하고 이후 감소되었으나, 10일째에도 정상으로 회복되지는 않았다. 그리고 쥐 혈청의 ALP는 간성분획 및 장성 분획의 두 Bozyme으로 구분되며, 장성 분획이 간성 분획보다 약 2배 많았으며, 이두 isozyme은 간엽 절제후에 다같은 경향으로 변동하였다. 혈청 GTP의 활성도 간엽 절제후 곧 상승하여 12시간에 최고치에 달하고 이어 감소하여 6일째에 정상으로 회복되었다. 그러나 혈청 총 bilirubin의 함량은 별 변동은 보이지 않았다. 재생간에서 amimo acid mixture-$^{14}C$의 간 단백내의 편입 속도는 상승을 보여 수술후 3일 까지 약 2배로 높은 치를 유지하다가 10일째에는 정상치로 회복되었다. 그러나 이 amimo산의 혈청 단백내의 편입 속도는 계속 낮은 치를 보여 수술 후 2일째에 0.6 배로 가장 낮았으며 10일이 지나도 완전 회복되지는 않았다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 간엽 절제후 간 재생 시기에는 간 및 혈청의 ALP의 활성 증가가 일어나며, 이것은 간에서 효소 합성의 항진에 의할 것으로, 생각되며 이때 담즙 울체현상은 없으므로 bilirubin은 이 효소의 활성 증가와 무관한 것으로 생각된다. The studies on changes of hepatic and serum alkaline phosphatase activities in 70% hepatectomized rats were performed and also compared with the level of isozymes of serum alkaline phosphatase, serum total bilirubin, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and incorporation rates of amino acid mixture-$^{14}C$ into hepatic and serum proteins in the same rats. After partial hepatectomy of the rats, hepatic alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly increased in the period of 0.5 to 6 days with its peak level on the second day and returned to normal after ten days. The alkaline phosphatase activities significantly increased in the serum of the same rats with its peak level on the second day and increased activities has sustained during the ten days. In non-hepatectomized rats intestinal isozyme of alkaline phosphatase was predominantly increased than the liver isozyme with 2 folds increase and the similar isozyme pattern was observed with absolutely increased level in hepatectomized rats. The activity of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase also elevated from 12 hours to two days after partial hepatectomy in rats. No significant changes in serum total bilirubin contents were noted throughout the experiments. The incorporation rate of amino acid mixture-$^{14}C$ into hepatic protein showed an immediate increase after partial hepatectomy and reached maximum after 24 hours and these levels continued to be high throughout the six days. The incorporation rate into serum total protein, on the other hand, significantly decreased in the regenerating stage. The most decreased level of total protein was seen on the second day.

총수담관을 결찰한 흰쥐의 혈청 Ceruloplasmin에 대한 Actinomycin D의 효과

곽춘식,장억규,Kwak, Chun-Sik,Chang, Uk-Kyu 생화학분자생물학회 1979 한국생화학회지 Vol.12 No.2

담즙물체시에 증가되는 혈청 Ceruloplasmin의 증가기전을 알아보기 위하여 흰쥐의 총수담관을 결찰하고 경시적으로 혈청 Ceruloplasmin의 농도를 측정하는 한편 간의 담즙배설장애, 간세포손상 등을 관찰하였으며 아울러 이들에 대한 actinomycin D의 영향도 관찰하여 상호 비교하였다. 혈청 ceruloplasmin 은 총수담관결찰로 그 농도가 수술후 6시간부터 증가하여 24시간에는 약 1배, 2일에는 약 2배, 3일에는 약 2.5배 그리고 6일에는 약 3배로 증가되었다. 그러나 이 효소농도의 증가는 actinomycin D를 수술전후 투여함으로써 저해되어 정상치 수준으로 저하되었다. 총수담관 결찰로써 혈청의 alkaline phosphatase와 glutamic pyruvic transaminase도 그 활성이 다같이 현저히 증가되었으나 혈청 ceruloplasmin의 증가와는 시기적으로 상이하였다. 그리고 이들 역시 actinomycin D에 의해서 그 활성이 억제되었으나 그 억제의 정도는 혈청 ceruloplasmin에 비하여 덜 현저하였으며 이들 중 혈청 glutamic pyruvic transaminase가 가장 적은 억제율을 보였다. 그리고 혈청의 총 bilirubin은 총수담관결찰로써 현저히 증가되었다. 이상의 성적으로 보아 담즙물체시 혈청 ceruloplasmin의 농도증가는 어떤 물질에 의해 유도되는지는 알 수 없으나 간장내에서 apoceruloplasmin의 계속적인 생성증가가 그 원인일 것으로 생각된다. This study was intended to observe the changes in serum ceruloplasmin concentration after the ligation of common bile duct in rats. Several values of liver function tests are compared with the changes observed. Then the effects of actinomycin D administered rats, treated in the same method, were also observed for comparison. Common bile duct ligation in the rats brought about a rapid increase in serum ceruloplasmin concentration. Serum ceruloplasmin show ed an increase: of 2, 2.5 and 3 fold at the 2nd, 3rd and 6th day respectively following the bile duct ligation. But the increase was observed markedly inhibited in the case of administration of actinomycin D ($50{\mu}g/100g$ of body weight) one hour prior to and eighteen hours after the ligation of the common bile duct in rats. After the ligation of common bile duct, the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase increased rapidly. This continued to be high throughout the experiments. The increase of serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly diminished with additional actinomycin D treatment. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase increased strikingly after ligation of common bile duct but the increase was not so obvious when adminstered with actinomycin D. The levels of serum total bilirubin increased sharply after the tigation of the common bile duct. The above results suggest that the bile duct ligation may cause the induction of serum ceruloplsmin and this is assumed due to the increase of the apoceruloplasmin biosynthesis.

Ethanol 중독 흰쥐에서 총담관결찰이 간의 Glutathione S - Transferase , Glutathione Peroxidase 및 Glutathione Reductase 활성에 미치는 영향

곽춘식,김여희,조준승 ( Chun Sik Kwak,You Hee Kim,Joon Seung Jo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1990 BMB Reports Vol.23 No.2

This study was made to see the effect of common bile duct ligation on liver glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities in rats suffering from acute and chronic intoxication of ethanol. For chronic intoxication of ethanol, the rats were fed 5% (v/v) ethanol instead of water for 60 days. Common bile duct of the same group of rats were ligated with ethanol constantly being fed. The rats were then killed on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 14th days of the procedure to measure the cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal GST, and cytosolic GSH-Px activities of the liver. The liver GR activities were also measured. For acute intoxication of ethanol, 4g of ethanol were administered orally per kg of body weight as a single dose. The rats were killed at the 1.5th and 24th hours of the procedure for study. On the 14th day following common bile duct ligation, the rats were acutely intoxicated with ethanol to be killed at the 1.5th and 24th hours for measuring the activities of the above enzyme. The rats liver cytosolic and microsomal GST activities showed slight increase in chronically ethanol intoxicated group but the mitochondrial GST activities did not increase in this group. The rats liver cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal GST activities showed no significant changes in acutely ethanol intoxicated groups. In terms of rats liver GR and liver cytosolic GSH-Px activities, no significant changes were shown in either chronically ethanol intoxicated groups or acutely ethanol intoxicated groups. The groups that received common bile duct (CBD) ligation after being chronically intoxicated with ethanol showed considerable decrease in the liver cytosolic GST activities. However, the activities showed a less degree than groups of CBD ligation. The liver mitochondrial GST activities of the CBD ligation groups showed slight decrease at the 14th day of the ligation after chronic ethanol intoxication showed significant decrease at the 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 14th days following the operation. The liver microsomal GST activities of the CBD ligation groups showed remarkable increase at the 7th and 14th days of the ligation. But the activities showed no significant increase in the groups with the ligation following the chronic ethanol intoxication. The groups that received CBD ligation after being chronically intoxicated with ethanol showed considerable increase at the 2nd, 3rd, 7th and 14th days following the operation in the liver GR activities. On the other hand, the liver cytosolic GSH-Px activities showed significant increase at the 14th days after the ligation. However, the activities showed a far less degree on the same time points than the groups only with the CBD ligation. At the 1.5th and 24th hours following the acute intoxication with ethanol which was done after 14 days of the CBD ligation, the rats showed less remarkably decrease in the liver cytosolic GST and GSH-Px activities than the group only with the 14th day following CBD ligation. The liver microsomal GST and liver GR activities, however, showed considerable increase at the 1.5th and the 24th hours following the acute intoxication with ethanol which was done after 14 days of the CBD ligation. But the activities showed a less degree than group with the 14th day following CBD ligation. At the 1.5th and 24th following the acute intoxication with ethanol which was done after 14 days of the CBD ligation, the liver mitochondrial GST activity decreased significantly, and the same was seen in the group with the 14th day following CBD ligation.

흰쥐 담즙울체간의 Carboxylesterase , Arylesterase 및 Cholinesterase 의 활성도

곽춘식,이숙형 ( Chun Sik Kwak,Sook Hyung Lee ) 생화학분자생물학회 1992 BMB Reports Vol.25 No.3

A study was made on the changes of carboxylesterase, arylesterase and cholinesterase activities in cholestatic rat liver. The cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal carboxylesterase, arylesterase and cholinesterase activities were determined in the cholestatic rat liver induced by common bile duct ligation over a period of forty two days. The activities of these esterases in the serum were measured. The rats were sacrificed on the 14th day after common bile duct ligation for the values of the K_m and V_(max) in their hepatic esterases. The incorporation rates of orotic acid-(6)-^(14)C into nuclear and extranuclear RNA in their wet liver and the incorporation rates of amino acid mixture-(U)-^(14)C into protein of the cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions in their liver were also measured. The activities of cytosolic and mitochondrial carboxylesterase of the cholestatic rat liver showed a remarkable decrease between the 7th and the 42nd days following the ligation of the common bile duct. On the other hand, the microsomal carboxylesterase activity in the cholestatic liver markedly decreased between the 1st and the 42nd days after the ligation. The carboxylesterase activity of the serum markedly decreased between the 3rd and the 42nd days after the ligation. The cytosolic and mitochondrial arylesterase activities in the cholesatatic liver had a marked diminution between the 14th and the 42nd days after the ligation, but the microsomal arylesterase activity in the cholestatic liver showed a marked decrease between the 1st and the 42nd days after the operation. The arylesterase activity in the serum showed a marked decrease throughout the experiments. The mitochondrial and microsomal cholinesterase activities of the cholestatic liver each showed a marked decrease between the 14th and the 42nd days and the 12th hour and the 42nd day respectively after the ligation. However, the cytosolic cholinesterase activity did not change. That of the serum cholinesterase also showed a marked decrease between the 1st and th 42nd days after the ligation. The values of Vmax of the cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal carboxylesterase and arylesterase, and of the mitochondrial and microsomal cholinesterase in cholestatic rat liver showed a marked decrease from the 14th day after the ligation, however, the values of K_m of above hepatic esterases did not change. The incorporation rates of orotic acid-(6)-^(14)C into nuclear and extranuclear RNA in cholestatic rat liver showed a significant diminution from the 14th day after the ligation. The incorporation rates of amino acid mixture-(U)-^(14)C into protein of the cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions in their liver had a marked diminution from the 14th day after ligation. Viewed from above results, carboxylesterase, arylesterase and cholinesterase in the liver with cholestasis seem to be decreasing activities of enzymes seemingly due to the decrement of biosynthesis.

흰쥐 담즙울체간의 Carboxylesterase, Arylesterase 및 Cholinesterase의 활성도

곽춘식,이숙형,Kwak, Chun-Sik,Lee, Sook-Hyung 생화학분자생물학회 1992 한국생화학회지 Vol.25 No.3

담즙울체간에서 carboxylesterase, arylesterase 및 cholinesterase의 활성변동을 알아보기 위하여 시행한 실험으로서 흰쥐의 총담관을 결찰하고 12시간부터 42일까지의 담즙울체간에서 세포질, mitochondria 및 microsome의 carboxylesterase, arylesterase 및 cholinesterase활성도를 측정하는 한편 혈청에서 이들 효소활성도도 함께 측정하였다. 또한 흰쥐의 총담관을 결찰한 후 14일 경과한 쥐의 담즙울체간에서 이들 효소의 $K_m$과 $V_{max}$를 측정하였으며 아울러 세포핵 및 핵외 RNA합성속도와 세포질, mitochondria 및 microsome의 단백합성속도를 측정하였다. 흰쥐 담즙울체간의 cytosolic 및 mitochondrial carboxylesterase 활성도는 총담관결찰 후 7일부터 42일까지 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. microsomal carboxylesterase활성도는 총담관결찰 후 1일부터 42일까지 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 혈청의 carboxylesterase 활성도는 총담관결찰 후 3일부터 42일까지 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 흰쥐 담즙울체간의 cytosolic 및 mitochondrial arylesterase활성도는 총담관결찰 후 14일부터 42일까지 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 그러나 microsomal arylesterase 활성도는 총담관결찰 후 1일부터 42일까지 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 혈청의 arylesterase 활성도는 실험 전기간 동안 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 흰쥐 담즙울체간의 cytosolic cholinesterase 활성도는 실험 전기간 동안 별 변동이 없었다. 그러나 mitochondrial 및 microsomal cholinesterase 활성도는 각각 총담관결찰 후 14일부터 42일까지 그리고 12시간부터 42일까지 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 혈청의 cholinesterase 활성도는 총담관결찰 후 1일부터 42일까지 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 흰쥐의 총담관을 결찰한 후 14일 경과한 쥐의 담즙울체간에서의 carboxylesterase, arylesterase 및 cholinesterase의 $K_m$치는 변동이 없었다. 그러나 이들효소의 $V_{max}$치는 현저한 감소를 나타내었다. 흰쥐의 총담관을 결찰한 후 14일 경과한 쥐의 담즙울체간에서의 세포핵 RNA와 세포핵외 RNA합성속도는 모두 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 흰 쥐의 총담판을 결찰한 후 14일 경과한 쥐의 담즙울체간에서의 세포질, mitochondria 및 microsome의 단백합성속도도 모두 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. 이상 결과로 보아 흰쥐 담즙울체간의 carboxylesterase, arylesterase 및 cholinesterase는 그 활성이 감소되는 효소이며 이들 효소의 활성감소는 담즙울체간에서 그 합성이 저하되어 나타난 결과라 생각된다. A study was made on the changes of carboxylesterase, arylesterase and cholinesterase activities in cholestatic rat liver. The cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal carboxylesterase, arylesterase and cholinesterase activities were determined in the cholestatic rat liver induced by common bile duct ligation over a period of forty two days. The activities of these esterases in the serum were measured. The rats were sacrificed on the 14th day after common bile duct ligation for the values of the $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ in their hepatic esterases. The incorporation rates of orotic acid-(6)-$^{14}C$ into nuclear and extranuclear RNA in their wet liver and the incorporation rates of amino acid mixture-(U)-$^{14}C$ into protein of the cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions in their liver were also measured. The activities of cytosolic and mitochondrial carboxylesterase of the cholestatic rat liver showed a remarkable decrease between the 7th and the 42nd days following the ligation of the common bile duct. On the other hand, the microsomal carboxylesterase activity in the cholestatic liver markedly decreased between the 1st and the 42nd days after the ligation. The carboxylesterase activity of the serum markedly decreased between the 3rd and the 42nd days after the ligation. The cytosolic and mitochondrial arylesterase activities in the cholesatatic liver had a marked diminution between the 14th and the 42nd days after the ligation, but the microsomal arylesterase activity in the cholestatic liver showed a marked decrease between the 1st and the 42nd days after the operation. The arylesterase activity in the serum showed a marked decrease throughout the experiments. The mitochondrial and microsomal cholinesterase activities of the cholestatic liver each showed a marked decrease between the 14th and the 42nd days and the 12th hour and the 42nd day respectively after the ligation. However, the cytosolic cholinesterase activity did not change. That of the serum cholinesterase also showed a marked decrease between the 1st and th 42nd days after the ligation. The values of Vmax of the cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal carboxylesterase and arylesterase, and of the mitochondrial and microsomal cholinesterase in cholestatic rat liver showed a marked decrease from the 14th day after the ligation, however, the values of $K_m$ of above hepatic esterases did not change. The incorporation rates of orotic acid-(6)-$^{14}C$ into nuclear and extranuclear RNA in cholestatic rat liver showed a significant diminution from the 14th day after the ligation. The incorporation rates of amino acid mixture-(U)-$^{14}C$ into protein of the cytosolic, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions in their liver had a marked diminution from the 14th day after ligation. Viewed from above results, carboxylesterase, arylesterase and cholinesterase in the liver with cholestasis seem to be decreasing activities of enzymes seemingly due to the decrement of biosynthesis.

흰쥐 재생간의 Alkaline Phosphatase 의 활성치

곽춘식,조준승 ( Chun Sik Kwak,Joon Seung Jo ) 생화학분자생물학회 1978 BMB Reports Vol.11 No.2

The studies on changes of hepatic and serum alkaline phosphatase activities in 70% hepatectomized rats were performed and also compared with the level of isozymes of serum alkaline phosphatase, serum total bilirubin, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and incorporation rates of amino acid mixture-^(14)C into hepatic and serum proteins in the same rats. After partial hepatectomy of the rats, hepatic alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly increased in the period of 0.5 to 6 days with its peak level on the second day and returned to normal after ten days. The alkaline phosphatase activities significantly increased in the serum of the same rats with its peak level on the second day and increased activities has sustained during the ten days. In non-hepatectomized rats intestinal isozyme of alkaline phosphatase was predominantly increased than the liver isozyme with 2 folds increase and the similar isozyme pattern was observed with absolutely increased level in hepatectomized rats. The activity of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase also elevated from 12 hours to two days after partial hepatectomy in rats. No significant changes in serum total bilirubin contents were noted throughout the experiments. The incorporation rate of amino acid mixture-^(14)C into hepatic protein showed an immediate increase after partial hepatectomy and reached maximum after 24 hours and these levels continued to be high throughout the six days. The incorporation rate into serum total protein, on the other hand, significantly decreased in the regenerating stage. The most decreased level of total protein was seen on the second day.

총수담관을 결찰한 흰쥐의 혈청 ( Ceruloplasmin 에 대한 actinomycin D 의 효과

곽춘식,장억규 ( Chun Sik Kwak,Uk Kyu Chang ) 생화학분자생물학회 1979 BMB Reports Vol.12 No.2

This study was intended to observe the changes in serum ceruloplasmin concentration after the ligation of common bile duct in rats. Several values of liver function tests are compared with the changes observed. Then the effects of actinomycin D administered rats, treated in the same method, were also observed for comparison. Common bile duct ligation in the rats brought about a rapid increase in serum ceruloplasmin concentration. Serum ceruloplasmin show ed an increase: of 2, 2. 5 and 3 fold at the 2nd, 3rd and 6th day respectively following the bile duct ligation. But the increase was observed markedly inhibited in the case of administration of actinomycin D (50㎍/1008 of body weight) one hour prior to and eighteen hours after the ligation of the common bile duct in rats. After the ligation of common bile duct, the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase increased rapidly. This continued to be high throughout the experiments. The increase of serum alkaline phosphatase was significantly diminished with additional actinomycin D treatment. Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase increased strikingly after ligation of common bile duct but the increase was not so obvious when adminstered with actinomycin D. The levels of serum total bilirubin increased sharply after the tigation of the common bile duct. The above results suggest that the bile duct ligation may cause the induction of serum ceruloplsmin and this is assumed due to the increase of the apoceruloplasmin biosynthesis.

Cyclosporine 에 의한 용혈에서 Melatonin 의 효과

곽춘식(Chun Sik Kwak),문교철(Kyo Cheol Mun),서성일(Seong Il Suh) 대한신장학회 2001 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.20 No.5

N/A Hemolysis is one of the side effects of cyclosporine(CsA). Some experimental and clinical data have strongly suggested that CsA-induced hemolysis is resulted from the increased production of free radical species by CsA. Melatonin, a pineal secretory product, acts as a highly efficient free radical scavenger. Thus, melatonin may have a protective effect on the CsA-induced hemolysis. To test this hypothesis, the final concentration of 4.2×106/mL with human erythrocytes was incubated in test tube at 37℃ water bath with 1.67 mg/mL of CsA and 72 nmol/mL of melatonin. The degree of hemolysis and the amount of malondialdehyde which gives an indirect index of oxidative injury were measured in group 1 containing only isotonic buffer solution, in group 2 containing only CsA, and in group 3 containing both CsA and melatonin. The degrees of hemolysis in group 2 were higher than those of group 1. The degrees of hemolysis in group 3 were higher than those of group 1, and lower than those of group 2. The amounts of malondialdehyde in group 2 were higher than those of group 1. The amounts of malondialdehyde in group 3 were higher than those of group 1, and lower than those of group 2. These results indicate that the direct contact of erythrocytes with CsA results in free radical mediated hemolysis and the hemolysis by CsA can be prevented with melatonin.