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대통령 정책결정구조: 1975-1992년 미국의 대통령 비토를 중심으로
곽재석 한국공공정책학회 2003 공공정책연구 Vol.13 No.-
This paper studies the presidential veto of the US because it provides good cases to examine the structure of presidential decision-making process. By studying the process of the presidential veto with Congress, we can examine how dynamic relationships among the major actors, the issue of conflicts, and the power of presidential resources could mold the organizational structure of presidential veto. Based on the theoretical backgrounds, this paper set study hypotheses regarding the organizational resources of OMB(Office of Management and Budget), committee power, presidential popularity, and policy issue category. The analysis shows that in the category of the "government management" policy issue, it showed the highest level of veto probability. When the president threats to veto a bill in the policy area, the Congress does not easily compromise with the presidents as well as presidents do. Regarding the committee variable, it showed lowest probability of presidential veto with the "pork-barrel committees." It suggests the presidents avoid severe conflicts with the congress. With related to the presidential popularity, the study shows positive result, though it shows very low level. In measuring the impacts of the OMB, the study does not show vivid message. Despite some limitations of this study, this study shows that the presidential veto is surely one of the decision-making processes of the executive with structured pattern of influences among actors.
곽재석 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2012 다문화사회연구 Vol.5 No.1
This article explores the past and current of the "Overseas Koreans" policy regarding the Korean Chinese(Joseonjok) since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and China in August 1992. In spite of the enactment of the Act on the Immigration and Legal Status of Overseas Koreans which endows a special visa status (F-4) to the descendant of Korean citizen, Joseonjok were excluded from the benefits granted by the Act because they could be threat to the Koreans in the domestic job markets. Recently the introduction of Visit and Employment Visa (H-2) which allows more convenient immigration entry and favorable access to job markets mitigated the discriminatory legal conflicts. However, Korea as mother land still has strict regulations and in some sense, intensifies the regulations especially in terms of Employment Permit System. Such legal discrimination has ignited tense opposition from the pro-human rights groups and nationalists. Since the initiation of H-2, Joseonjok residents have explosively increased, followed by the number of permanent residents. Their economic and social status has also steadily stabilized. Several policies are suggested to give solution to the legal discrimination problem against Joseonjok and to induce them to more successful social integration to the native society of Korea. 본 논문은 중국의 발전이 가속화되고 또한 중국 조선족 동포들의 한국 체류 규모 및 정주화가 확대되는 상황에서 그간 한국 정부가 추진해 온 중국동포정책과 최근 이명박정부의 조선족에 대한 국내 체류와 출입국 규제 정책을 동포포용정책의 차원에서 비판적으로 평가함으로써 향후 국가발전과 통일을 위해 바람직한 재외동포정책 과제를 살펴보고 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 출입국⋅외국인정책의 차원에서 과거 중국동포에 대한 정부의 동포정책의 발전과정을 재외동포법에 따른 재외동포 체류자격(F-4)부여 시비를 중심으로 평가해 보고, 다음으로 최근 내국인 고용침해 가능성 때문에 추진되고 있는 중국동포에 대한 외국인력 차원의 출입국 규제정책의 정당성을 중국동포의 국내 체류 및 취업 현황과 실태 중심으로 비판적으로 분석하여 보고, 이를 통해 향후 중국동포에 대한 사회통합의 과제를 살펴본다.