이백과 조유의 (장단경) 일고

곽이부 한국중어중문학회 1998 中語中文學 Vol.22 No.-

李白詩의 大鵬形象 考

郭利夫 제주대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.38 No.-

Li Bai(701-762) is one of the greatest romantic poets since Qu Yuna. Le Bai produced his poems by the way of creating the conflict between reality and ideal, the spirit of insurbodination, the strong emotion, and the broda-minded characters. Li Bai's poems are belivered to be similar to the Tian Bao period he lived, considering his works are sublime, dauntless, unrestrained and pathetic. His romantic tendancy helps his poems realize the high ideal from the point of the content of the work, whereas it helops them reveal the exaggerated metaphor from the point of art. For instance, in Da Peng Fu, Li Bai compared himself to Da peng. Also, he described Da peng as a great spitit. As Le Bai liked the idealized Da Peng many times in his poems. One of the most important poems and fu is Da Peng Fu. Le Bai cherished Totem about Da Peng to the last. This paper studies the world of himself and the world of art, with the emphasis on Da Peng Fu, comparing Da Peng Fu to other works, discussing the thoughtful side and the art aide. And then this paper tells Le Bai to a broadminded romantic poet. While Zhung wrote Da Peng metaphysically, Le Bai wrote it for popularity. both Le Bai a romantic poet and Do Fu a realistic poet are compared as the greatest poets in chinese history.

李白의 《蜀道難》에 나타난 藝術性 考

郭利夫 제주대학교 1990 논문집 Vol.30 No.1

Li pai(李白:701∼762AD)'s the hard to Shu(蜀) is a work described by mixing his strong feeling with the beauty of the water and mountain, exquisite and wonderful. In this poem he used freely myths, interjections, dialects, counterquestions and repetitions. In addition, on the basis of seven-syllable lines, he used freely from three-syllable lines even to eleven-syllable lines. Even from the very first line of the poem he began with an idiolect, his own personal dialect. Followed by a series of interjections, the poem showed a strong sense of emotion and amazement. In the third phrase, "A wild, steep road, more dengerous than even trying to climb the heavens" is repeated again and again in the middle and the end of the poem. This is the main cadence all over the poem, and thus it has the effect of providing wonder and awe to the readers. By using a series of interjections, the poet expressed the hard road to Shu(蜀) extensively. Followed is the mythological legend about the road to Shu. According to the legend, it is said that both Tsan Tsung(蠶叢) and Yu Fu(魚부), kings of the old kingdom of Shu(蜀), made an effort to build a traffic route to Chin(秦). It was at the sacrifice of five muscular nlen and beautiful women that only a single road to Shu(蜀) was built. And the road to Shu(蜀) was described in a tremendously exaggerated style. Taking a few examples, the poem puts concretely that six dragons, who worshiped the old sun god, couldn't pass the road to Shu(蜀), but they simply returned; that a Yellow crane(黃鶴), with whom a Taoist(道敎) hermit flew in the sky, couldn't go over the road; and that even monkeys failed to go over the road. It is a rule that high mountains make the valley deep. This is to lead to a vivid description of the water which hits against the cliff or rock and runs in twists and loops. In a nutshell, the steepness of the mountains and rivers, and the image of rapid stream of the valley were vividly depicted in terms of animals, birds or dragons. Tai Pai Shan(太白山) and Mud mountain(靑泥嶺) were depicted as extremely high to the extent that one could not even breathe and simply sank down weakly if one climbed to the top and that one could reach out to stars of the night sky. Only birds, male or female, moved back and forth in an old tree and in the moonlight only cuckoos made the empty mountain more sad. Once listening to such stories a little boy of red face trurned into a gray-haired old man. The steepness of the mountain seems to be sufficiently imagined with no direct stare at the scenery. It may be concluded that the poet gave full play to his uniquely sufficient imagination. His secrete method of expression lies in the combination of the general aspects such as a bird's eye view and the detailed aspects on the other hand. The poet predicted the historical facts on Chienke(劒閣) and the military rebellion on the border in the time of peaceful reign. That is the An Lu-Shan(安祿山) Rebellion. Because of this emperor Xian Zong(玄宗) suffered an insult of taking refuge in Shu.(蜀) Li Pai(李白) expressed the steepness of the road to Shu(蜀) as if his own internal feeling would be exploded like a volcano and as if the flood caused the water of valley to overflow and to shake. His excitement of feeling made more vivid the mountain and water of the road to Shu(蜀) and more harmonious the mood of the poem. In this respect, his poem is completely different from any poem of the other poets. He also made the poem more conspicuous by mixing his subjective coloring of sense, mythology and ecology of animals. It follows, therefore, that his excellent artistery of esthetic value made a great contribution in the history of the development of Chinese poems.

李白의 將進酒 硏究

郭利夫 제주대학교 1992 논문집 Vol.35 No.1

In ancient China, political scholars enlarged therir circles of friends, enjoying drinking one another. When they discussed politics and literature, meeting-drinking luas necessaary way of life. 'Tang'(唐) times, which was an ancient civlized, country considered poem-writing important. The reason was that 'Tang'(唐) men had to learn poetry to become high class scholars and statesmen. who were compelled to select poetry as the subject of the Higher Civil Service Exanination. In other words, 'Tang'(唐), where the statesmen were poets, was a civilized country and powerful countryl 「Qiang jin jiu」(將進酒) was a subject of any poem that had been used since 'pre-Tang'(唐) times. while Li bai(李白) studied poetry and Taoism in Si Chuan(四川), he left his hometwon 26 years old. He, who preserved great hopes in his mimd, kept society with poetry and Taoism-men(道敎徒). When he was 42 years old, he became one of the Han Lin Xueshe(翰林學士), thamks to Xuan Zong(玄宗), or the emperor of 'Tang'(唐). He has kept society with Taoism-men(道敎徒) and Tang's(唐) Imperial Famiy recommended him. But Li bai(李白) terminated his Royal Court life, leaving only 2 years in the Royal Court, because he enjoyed drinking and prided himself on his fame. Emperor Xuan Zong(玄宗) mead 'Tang'(唐) the most prosperous devoting himself to national politics, but went deep into wine and women as he grew older. The Emperor's deliquency rose in An Lu Shan's(安祿山) rebellion. Xuan Zong(玄宗)fled to Si Chuan(四川) and Su Zong(肅宗) put down An Lu Shan(安祿山) with a Xuan Zong's(玄宗) order. But Su Zong(肅宗) took away the position of Emperor without discussing his parent. Su Zong(肅宗) fought a duel with his younger brother, Yong Wang(永王) on the other hand, Li bai(李白) was engaged in the Yong Wang's(永王) camp and was captured without realizing those circumstances. At this time, Li bai(李白) met a political failure and then created a poem which described offering wine. This is 「Qiang jin jiu」 (將進酒) by written Li bai(李白) 「Qiang jin jiu」(將進酒) focused on struggled of succeeding a crown among Xuan Zong(玄宗), Su Zong(肅宗) and Yong Wang(永王), An Lu Shan's(安祿山) rebellion and his own political failure. In other words, his poem purified his complexed spirit as a truth, with the water of Yellow River flowing to the sea.

李白詩歌에 있어서의 '月'의 心象 分析 : 蜀에서의 少年期와 春季의 '月'을 中心으로

郭利夫 제주대학교 1985 논문집 Vol.22 No.2

Li-Po(701-762) spent his boyhood in Ssu-Chuan (四川). He endeavoured to enrich his literary vision by hard study and traveling around in many districts of Ssu-Chuan. (四川). Main subjects of his poetry were concerned with the moon, and so poems concerning the moon amount to about a third of his works (about 1 000 in number). The moon can be said to act as a symbol of his alienation from the world. His literature is so large in its amount that this paper is to discuss only his works produced in the springtime during his boyhood in Ssu-Chuan. (四川). His favorite source of literary inspiration other than the moon is drinking. Therefore, one of the aims of the this study is to find and re-examine the reason.he loved the moon and drinking so that we may come to the full appreciation of his poetry.

李白詩歌에서 商人의 婦女像 : 別離의 苦通을 中心으로

郭利夫 제주대학교 1985 논문집 Vol.21 No.1

A wide range of materials can be found in LiPo's poetry, with those of love and nature in his proper element Many of his love poems gave a pathetic description of the women who were hungry for men's love, as was often the case because the predominance of men over women was prevalent in the ancient Oriental Society, though we find a wide difference in the tone of that description according to the social status of those women. This paper is to analyze those poems among his love poems that depleted the women who were living in solitude with their husbands away from home. The solitary women in those poems belonged to common class, and LiPo gave the narration by the first-person method unlike his favorite method of the third person, i. e. pretending that he became the merchant's wives. Putting the story shortly, the husband leaves home getting on board a ship along the Yang-zi-jiang just in the midst of her honeymoon. The bride simply hopes for his early return, but he does not come back breaking his premise, and so his betrayal leaves her in the woes of separation with his whereabouts unknown. LiPo's rhetorical expressions reaches impressive points in describing the heart-broken bride who makes no reproachful remarks haying no news from his husband and longs only for their reunion at the earliest date. One of such rhetorical expressions is seen in the phrase in which the lost husband is compared to the water of the Yang-zi-jiang. That is to say, the river of Yang-zi-jiang flows down into the sea and makes no return the river, resembling the lost youth of the star-crossed couple Both their honeymoon and the river ran take no second course LoPo is making a kind of Indirect charge against the husband's mercilessness which makes much of money, belittling the worth of youth and against the social custom in which man's superiority to women was taken for granted. LiPo's attitude of humanism may be seen in his sympathectic description of those women's pitiable lot in the past Oriental Society. His thought seems to be that of democracy in that he portrayed such women as were equal to min in the longing for youthful love.

홍루몽의 평가 : 홍루몽의 세계

곽이부 濟州大學 敎養學部 1975 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Since "Hung Lou Meng"(紅樓夢) the light in Ching Dynasity(淸代), it has been widely read. Readers of this work were little interested in the author of the work. Tsao Hsiieh Chin was indicated as the author of the novel by "Hu Shih" in 1921. His ancestors were from Han(漢), who were retainers rendered distinguished services for the foundation of Ching Dynasity, devating themselves successively to the country as superintendents of the court cloth workers in Chiang Ning(江) district, his family being very wealthy. After Kang Hsi(康熙) emperos death, however, his family's influence declined. by which they found themselves under the necessity of moving to the western suverb of Peking, being reduced to poverty. Tsao Hsueh Chin wrote "Hung Lou Meng"(紅樓夢) from its 1 st to the 80th chapter, and Kao-e added 40 chapters more to 120 chapters. There is a mansion passessed by the nobility of Chia lineage in 'Shih Tou" castle. Shich Tai Chun, a grandmother and supreme authority, lives in the mansion with the hero, Chia pao y?, winning her favor all to himself, being a handsome boy. The story of the work stems from the process of choasing a spouse fur Chia pao yu. where affcction of his cousin sisters, Hs?eh pao Chai and Lin Tai Y? was entangled, and the story develops by discription of trivial occurrences and events which take place among the family Yuan Chuan(元春), his elder sister and the empress, built Ta kuan yun(大觀圓)(a grand garden) in commemoration of her return home. A misfortune befalls to his family owing to economical failure of the house brough about on the occasion. The girls with whom Chia pao yu falls in love leave him one after another (the story is described. in the chapters from the 1st to the 80th). Upon the empress Y?an Chuan's death, father of Chia Pao Y? is dismissed from his government post upon suspicion of profeteering, and he forfeits his property, being condemned to exile. A proposal of maniage for Pao Y?i is made,and his grandmather Shih Tai Chtin and his mother Wang, by mutual agreement and confidentially, choose Hs?eh Pao Chai orthodox utiliterian as his spouse. Chia Pao Y in reality loves Lin Tai Y? more than any one else, and knows nothing about the inspiracy of choosing Hs?eh Pao Chai as his bride. Chia Pao Y?, finds Hs?eh Pao Chai as his bride instead of Y? on the wedding ceremony. Lin Tai Y? kills herself out of disappaintment in love on the wedding night. Chia Pao Y? incompliance with his father's advice devotes himself to study, and passes the higher civil service examination the next year, but as soon as he leaves the examination hall he enters the priesthood. The characters of "Hung Lou Meng" consist of 448, and it is a stream-of-consciousness standing comparison with ar and Peaceof Tolstoi. The work attracts reader's keen interest on th merits of its vast tragedy and its delicate and subtle description of the heroines appeared on the stage. The write is about to pen in this thesis a tragic characteristic and the heroines the description of which the writer has given.

李白의 詩에 나타난 孤獨과 달의 이미지

郭利夫 제주대학교 1993 논문집 Vol.37 No.1

Lee Bo(701-762) expressed solitary mind and supplied one with the readers in his poems, though he didn't put the word of 'solitude' at all. This means that his thought, which was formed during his youth, was full of loneliness and sorrow. He revealed various and violent passion and allowed the geneous imagination its full play. He was considered to be not a realist but a romantist, in that he composed poems with the gigantic and fantastic things, not with the common things. He tried to go to the royal politics and serve the commnon people. The circumstances that surrounded him from his youth made him keep Toist thought. He combined his learning of work with the experiences from his life in his major poems. Both the change of his thought of life and broad-mind of poetry composing are also discovered in his poems. This shows his poems to make a new development in the history of Tang's poetry. Looking up the Moon, he felt lonely and began to drink and compose poems. By this, he tried to solve the social discrepancy and absurdity comparing them to the Moon. As well, he, who realized the uncertinity of life and nihilism, was dependant upon the Moon in deploring his own grief. Even if Lee Baik failed to politics he looked up to a poet of anger Que Yuen and then managed to succeed in literature. Facing conflict and absurdity between entering public life and retirement from public life, he followed Dua Yien Ming, a pastoral poet, and by writing the loneliness of the Moon, he recovered from nihilism for himself. In truth, he was more lonely that he died in a foreign country.

李白 詩歌中의 水의 意象 : 急流性을 중심으로

곽이부 제주대학교 인문과학연구소 1998 인문학연구 Vol.4 No.-

李白의 《蜀道難》에 대한 提言

郭利夫 제주대학교 1990 논문집 Vol.30 No.1

Li Pai(李白)'s The hard road to Shu(蜀) the title used by the other poets of the old time, has been regarded as one of the most excellent poems of all ages, since it shows freshness and creativity. It is not because he described the water and mountain as they stand, but because he mixed them well with his literary sense and techniques. It is by means of the hard road to Shu(蜀) that Li Pai(李白) was praised as one of the representative romantic poets in China. Scholars have different viewpoints on the hard road to Shu(蜀) and there is still not any established theory on the work. Such being the case, it is expected that there will appear many an objection or contradiction to the existing theories, especially with regard to when and where the poem was written and what the poetic motive was. Considering all the existing theories on Li Pai's the hard road to Shu(蜀) the following might be four possible assumptions. Assumption 1:It was written to satirize that Yan-Wu(巖武) tried to inflict an injury on Fang-guan(방官) and Du-fu(杜甫). Assumption 2:It was written for fear that Xian-Zong(玄宗) of Tang(唐) should take refuge in Shu(蜀) during the An Lu-Shan(安祿山) Rebellion. Assumption 3:It was written to satirize that Zhang qiu jian qiong(章仇兼환) tried to conquer Tu fan(吐蓄) without control of the central government. Assumption 4;It was written again with a new image of his unique rhetoric, but with the same title of the poem which was simply written in the past. In this paper, a strong emphasis is placed on examing the above mentioned assumptions one by one and finding out the poet's main idea shown in this poem. Since Li Pai(李白) is a great poet in China there is not any agreement on the opinion on this work. It is because various historical books or literary books have different positions, depending on scholars' subjective point of view. It is also because the poet's complex feeling was mixed with the water and mountain of the road to Shu(蜀) in terms of his advanced artistery. Added to this is that the An Lu-Shan(安祿山) Rebellion which had been dormant became reality. At the age of five, the poet moved to Shu and lived there for about twenty years and devoted himself to learning and then went to the big world with a great desire. Except for the life as a government officer in Chang an(長安), he led a wandering life, visiting splendid mountains and great rivers all over the country. At last he died at the age of sixty two in Li Yangbing(李陽泳)'s , who was of the same surname and the same family origin in Dang tu(富塗) prevince. After he left Shu(蜀) Li Pai(李白) has never been to his hometown, and it is not quite unnatural that one should imagine that he would get homesick when his friens or fellow from the same province would go to Shu(蜀). Historical records or literature show lots of contradictions with regard to the time or the place in which the poem was written and also with regard to the motive of the poem. Keeping this in mind, the first three assumptions given in this paper would be rejected. The last assumption is taken to be the most plausible one. It might be concluded that the poem was written with an imagination about the splendid rivers and mountains of Shu(蜀) in which he spent about twenty years in his boyhood, when his friend Wang yan(王炎) is on his way to Shu(蜀). As for the place where the poem was written, it might be valid to take into account either Chang an(長安)) or xian yang(咸陽).