영어의 간접화행에 대한 일 연구

곽선연 한국현대언어학회 1986 언어연구 Vol.3 No.1

언어학적 문체론 : 접속사를 중심으로 Centering around connectives

곽선연 안양대학교 人文科學硏究所 1996 人文科學硏究 Vol.4 No.1

AbstractIn literature coexist linguistic phenomenon and non-linguistic art. Thus, in order to be real stylistics, language and art should not be separated. Linguistics contributes new facts and new ways of looking at facts to literary criticism, by giving it a theoretical underpinning.According to Freeman(1970), linguistic stylistics that makes use of linguistic fact and theory is divided into three types, namely, style as deviation from the norm, style as recurrence or convergence of textural pattern, and style as a particular exploitation of a grammar of possibilities. In this study, I attempted to analyze literary style based on the first approach, especially, with connectives.There is wide variation in the use of connectives, in such matters as choice and range of types, positioning, frequency. In this stylistic feature, it may be expected that mature writers will express a consistent preference which may be isolated by careful examination. The problem of connectives is closely related to the questions of transition and of reference. Connectives provide the reader with the author's own key to the relation of the materials and throw the entire composition into focus. Thus, good writers must always be concerned about the appropriateness of their connectives.Generally, connectives are related with cohesion. Cohesion, which is realized as different ranks of linguistic structure, is syntagmatic or chain relationship. Cohesion, of lack of it, can be an important factor in the tone of literary prose. By Halliday & Hasan(1976), connective relations are classified into four categories: additive, adversative, causal, and temporalMilic analyzes the rhetorical and stylistic functions of Swift's use of connectives, especially, coordinating conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions, and conjunctive adverbs and phrases. These function words, even thought most of them are semantically empty, are of great importance in Swift's style. That is, they lead to rhetorical persuasiveness rather than clarity in Swift's prose.The business of literary criticism is the relation between the organization of the human esthehic and the features of literary structure and language. In fact, linguistics can make substantive theoretical and factual contributions to our understanding of literary works. However, linguistic stylistics should not stick to fragmentary linguistic facts just because of objectiveness, but consider the author's intuition and subjective judgement, in order to search the esthetic effect and accomplish really literary analysis.

하나의 언어로서의 영어의 질적(qualitative) 분석

곽선연 안양대학교 인문과학연구소 2002 人文科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-

With the spread of globalization and the rapid expansion of information technologies has come an explosion in the demand for English worldwide. That is, English has become one of the most important means for acquiring access to the world's intellectual and technical resources. However, a number of students and teachers are having troubles in learning and teaching English because it has its own systemaic problems. These linguistic barriers inhibit the pratice of English learning and teaching. So, language learning becomes a hard task which can sometimes be frustrating. Constant effort is required to understand produce and manipulate the language. Thus, this paper provides a qualitative analysis of English as an international language, expecially from the viewpoint of its sound and spelling, morphology, and grammer. Due to the problems that English has, not only students but also teachers will need to learn how to deal with many kinds of exceptions and various usages in English. In order to make English learning effective, beneficial, and interesting, above all things, English should be established systematically and scientifially. It is urged that the authorities concerned prepare unified rules of English to meet the worldwide growing interest in English.

Sapir-Whorf 가설의 문제점과 외국어학습

곽선연 안양대학교 人文科學硏究所 1997 人文科學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

Abstract Although the classical doctrine that thought determines language held sway for a very long time, the opposite opinion, the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, has had a good deal of influence during this century. According to this view, people have great Hlexibility in how they organize their experience. and language has an impor·teant inlpact on ho`v experience is interpreted. However, present opinion does not fully agree with the notionl that cognitive diversity fo11ows from linguistic diversity. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to discuss the problems of the hypothesis in some viewpoints including foreign- language learning. There are both strong and weak versions of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. The strong version, which says that perceptions and concepts are formed out of the categories of language, has little evidence to support it. rrhe weak version of the hypothesis states that language structures can inHluence cognitive process and categories. Trhough the weak version of the hypothesis is easier to accept on the face of it than is the strong version, more recent tests of the weak version using memory for colors have suggested that speakers of diverse languages do not react differently on color memory tests. Thus, rather than language determining the color categories that are available to speakers, it appears that there is a universal system of color categories that are renlected in language, That is. the basic or focal colors are determined by perceptual considerations, not linguistic ones. But,Inost of the negative evidence discussed here applies only to the strong version. In this paper solne theorists'studies are introduced and discussed in order to examine sorne of the issues that help object to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. First, Berlin & Kay study(1969) about the way in which speakers of different languages divide the color spectrum strongly argues against the hypothesis that languages are free to divide the world of experience in any convenient way. Also,Lenneberg's empirical research(1971) indicates that the cognitive processes studied so far are largely independent fronl peculiarities of any natural language and, in fact, that cognition can develop to a certain extent even in the absence of knowledge of any language. This assumption is directly contrary to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. And, Foss & Fakes(1978) provides soIne evidence that appears to be inconsistent with the hypothesis through the comparison of Standard English with Black English. In a recent study, Fishman(1980) gives six reasons that weigh against the hypothesis: difference, language-in-society, alterability, directionality, human communication, and cognition .Furthernaore, the possibility of foreign-language learning shows some conlpelling reasons for doubting the hypothesis. CumInins(1992) proposes CUP(Common Underlying Proficiency) principle for the purpose of explaining the possibility and efHiciency of foreign-language learning. According to hirn, a large amount of data suggests that cognitively dernanding proficiencies are interdependent or manifestations of a CUP. It appears now that there are perceptual universals which are represented in the Ianguage of the world, although the way in which they are represented varies among the languages. Also, it should be noted that, based on these universals, an environnlent conducive to learning together with the proper motivational stimulation will inevitably increase the learner's chances of becoming bilingual.

영어 원망적 양상동사의 개념구조적 기술

곽선연(Sun Yeon Kwak) 한국현대언어학회 1998 언어연구 Vol.14 No.1

English does not have an elaborate inflectional system for modality, but, like all languages, it does have means for indicating that certain events are remote from actuality. This study, specially, deals with `boulomaic` modal verbs that are used to indicate the desire and intention of a speaker, and presents a formal way of representing the meanings of those verbs in terms of Conceptual Structure Theory. Conceptual Structure Theory enables us to handle, in a logically respectable way, statements about worlds that we know never be actualized: the worlds of our dreams, hopes and desires. In the framework of Conceptual Structure Theory, boulomaic modality is an attribute of an entire situation, which may include many conceptual graphs: the referent of a proposition could be a set of graphs that specify a fully developed possible world. Therefore, boulomaic modality by modal verbs can be represented systematically and consistently by conceptual graphs constructed out of standard concepts and conceptual relations.

외국어 학습과 동기 : 연구의 동향 및 쟁점 A Review of the Issues

구광현,곽선연 안양대학교 1997 논문집 Vol.17 No.-

This paper addressed the issue of motivation in foreign language learning in five main categories. First of all, the importance of motivation in language learning was stressed with a vivid example which could overcome unfavorable circumstances in other aspects of language learning. Secondly, a layman's or 'naive' view of the problem was introduced, and general psychological viewpoints on motivation were reviewed. Thirdly, earlier and contemporary views of specific motivation for language study were reviewed. Particularly, the work of Robert Gardner was analysed in detail. Fourthly, Gardner's work was critically evaluated and the major issues in the study of motivation were discussed. Finally, several attempts to relate the findings on individual differences in motivation to a wider educational framework were discussed with regards to further studies.