삼귀고의탕 물추출물의 자연살해세포 활성을 통한 항전이효과

고현숙,박문녀,김봉이,윤택준,송효숙,조성윤,이효정,이효정,정수진,이은옥,김성훈,Ko, Hyun-Suk,Park, Moon-Nyeo,Kim, Bong-Lee,Yoon, Taek-Joon,Song, Hyo-Sook,Cho, Sung-Yun,Lee, Hyo-Jung,Lee, Hyo-Jeong,Jeong, Soo-Jin,Lee, Eun-Ok,Kim, Sung-Ho 대한암한의학회 2010 大韓癌韓醫學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

The anti-metastatic activity of water extract of Samguikoeuitang (WSGKE) consisting of Ginseng Radix, Angelicae Radix, Sophora flavescens and Coicis Semenwas examined. Ethanol extract of Samguikoeuitang (ESGKE) showed significant cytotoxicity against colon 26-M3.1 carcinoma cells, while WSGEK did not. However, WSGKE significantly increased the production of IL-6 and IL-12 in thioglycollate-induced macrophages from Balb/c mice, whereas ESGKE did not. WSGKE significantly increased natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity against effecter YAC-1 cells in an Effecter cells/Target ratio dependent manner. Also, WSGKE significantly suppressed lung metastasis after i.v. injection of colon26-M3.1 carcinoma cells. Inhibitory effect of WSGKE on lung metastasis totally abolished in NK cells-deficient mice by treatment with anti-asialo GM1 serum. In addition, the combination treatment of cisplatin and WSGKE (100 ${\mu}g$/mouse) prolonged the lifespan of mice inoculated by colon26-M3.1 cell. These findings suggest that WSGKE can inhibit lung metastasis and prolong life span via immunological enhancement as a Biological Response Modifier.

경영자 코칭(executive coaching)에 대한 조사 연구

고현숙(Ko, Hyonsook),백기복(Baik, Kibok),이신자(Lee, Shinja) 한국코칭능력개발원 2011 코칭능력개발지 Vol.13 No.2

코칭의 모델과 프로세스의 비교

고현숙(Ko, Hyonsook) 대한리더십학회 2014 리더십연구 Vol.5 No.2

최근 코칭이 조직의 인재 육성을 위한 방법론으로 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 직업적인 전문코치에 의한 CEO 코칭, 임원 코칭은 물론이고 조직 내 상사에 의한 하급자 코칭 등 조직에 적용하는 실행이 빠르게 확산되고 있고, 다양성도 증가 하고 있다. 이렇게 코칭의 실행도 늘고 있는데 비해, 코칭이 행해지는 표준적인 프레임이나 모델에 대한 논의와 연구는 활발하지 않은 상태이다. 인재 개발을 위한 효과적인 코칭 프로세스는 어떤 것이라야 하는가? 코칭을 통해 코칭 대상자의 자각과 책임을 이끌어 낼 수 있으려면 코칭 대화는 어떤 요소들을 가져야 하는가? 다양한 코칭 모델과 프로세스들에서 공통적이고 표준화된 요소가 존재하는가? 본 논문은 위의 연구 질문들을 가지고 현재 알려져 있는 코칭 모델과 프로세스들을 분석한다. 실무에서 보편적으로 사용되고 있는 대표적인 코칭 모델과 프로세스들은 어떤 것들이 있으며, 공통점과 차별점은 무엇인지를 비교 분석함으로 써 코칭에 대한 이해를 돕고자 한다. 분석을 위해 현재 한국에서 행해지고 있는 코칭 프로그램 중 대표적인 모델 7가지를 수집하고 이들 간의 공통요소와 차이점을 분석하였다. 코칭 모델들은 우선 프로세스 중심 모델과 코칭 역량 중심 모델이라는 이 두 가지 형태로 나눌 수 있었다. 프로세스 중심 모델 4가지를 비교 분석한 결과, ‘관계형성→주제 확인→ 목표설정→현재 확인→실행 계획 수립→실행’이라는 공통 프로세스 요소를 추출 하였다. 역량 중심의 코칭 모델들은 국제코치연맹의 11가지 코칭핵심역량과 함께 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 공통적으로는 ‘관계형성’, ‘경청 질문 등 커뮤니케이션 역량’이 공통적으로 추출되었다 Coaching is now gathering more attention as a tool and/or a method of human resource development. Various forms of coaching are emergent such as executive coaching, CEO coaching and work place coaching, also diversity of coaching is increasing. Compared to this popularity of coaching, it is not enough to discuss standardization of coaching framework nor the models of coaching. What kind of process is right to be an effective coaching model? What factors are necessarily included in order to result the awareness and responsibility of the clients? Do they have common factors? In this paper the well-known coaching models are reviewed and discussed from a perspective of their process and competencies. In order to comparison analysis we chose 7 coaching models, which are classified two groups; One is process oriented model, the other one is competency oriented model. Process oriented models are GROW model, Coaching conversation model, 8 steps coaching model, and MIRACLE coaching model. We found that the common path of these process oriented model is ‘Focus→Goal→ Reality→Action Plan → Execution’. Competency oriented models which we examined are Co-active coaching model, Who-What-How model, and CMI Executive coaching model. We compared the factors of those models to 11 core coaching competencies of ICF(International Coach Federation).

변혁적 리더십과 조직혁신간의 관계

고현숙(Hyon-Sook Ko),김정훈(Jung-Hoon Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2011 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.11 No.4

본 연구는 변혁적 리더십의 선행변수, 성과변수 그리고 조절변수간의 통합적 관계를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 변혁적 리더십의 선행변수로는 자기 효능감과 외향성을 정하고, 조절변수로는 조직문화로 정하였다. 그리고 성과변수로는 최근에 기업에서 강조하고 있는 혁신행동으로 설정하였다. 이를 위하여 선행변수가 변혁적 리더십에 미치는 영향과 변혁적 리더십이 혁신행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 변혁적 리더십과 혁신행동의 관계를 위계지향과 성취지향 조직문화가 조절효과들 가지고 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 실증검증을 위하여 다양한 자료원을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 최종 연구에 사용된 데이터는 조직 내 팀장 급 리더 221명과 리더 각각의 하급자 2명으로 부터 얻은 설문지 442개 모두 221세트의 총 663개이다. 이 데이터를 통해 가설 검증을 위하여 공변량 구조분석(SEM)을 실시하였다. 가설을 검증한 결과, 리더의 자기효능감이 높아질수록 변혁적 리더십도 높아지는 것으로 나타났으나, 리더의 외향성은 변혁적 리더십에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것은 아닌 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 변혁적 리더십은 혁신행동에 유의한 영향을 미치지만 위계 지향적 문화와 성취 지향적 문화가 변혁적 리더십과 혁선행동의 관계를 조절한다는 가설은 지지되지 않았다. This study has three primary purposes, firstly to identify how leader's personal characters influence to his/her transformational leadership, secondly to find how transformational leadership influences to innovative behavior, finally to explore how organizational cultures moderate between transformational leadership and innovative behavior. The first part of the study, based on literature study on transformational leadership, provides insight into what are antecedents, moderators and dependent variable in transformational leadership. Firstly, leader's personal characters are selected as antecedent variables such as extroversion and self-efficacy. Secondly, innovative behavior is introduced as a dependent variable. Thirdly, two types of organizational culture are considered as moderators between leader's personal character and leadership In this study, a comprehensive research model and hypothesis were empirically tested based on data from three types of questionnaires involving 663 employees in Korean organizations. In order to test the hypotheses, we have used Structural Equations Model (SEM) from AMOS7.0. In this analysis, we have employed raw data as it is instead of correlation matrix or covariance matrix. We have tested hypotheses by examining the significance of each path of the model, and gone through the process of testing the goodness of fit of the model itself. The results of statistical analysis show the following. Firstly, one of leader's personalities, self-efficacy has positive effect on his/her transformational leadership, but extroversion does not have positive effect. Secondly, transformational leadership has positive effect on innovative behavior. Finally, there was not any cultural moderating effects between transformational leadership and innovative behavior.

한국 대학생의 영어 문법 습득 난이도

고현숙 ( Ko¸ Hyunsook ) 한국중등영어교육학회 2021 중등영어교육 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the difficulty of English grammar features by Korean EFL learners such as past tense of verbs, passive, 3^rd person singular -s, comparative adjectives, yes/no question, auxiliary verbs, many/much, for/since, articles, subjunctive mood, dative alternation, infinitives. gerunds, participles, and relatives. To this end, a fill-in-the-blanks test of English sentences and a set of English proficiency tests were administered for 67 college students in Ulsan, Korea. The results showed significant differences in accuracy for gerunds between high and intermediate levels of learners. In the comparison of accuracy by high and low levels of learners were found significant differences for passive, 3^rd person singular -s, yes/no question, auxiliary verbs, many/much, for/since, dative alternation, infinitives, gerunds, participles, and relatives. On the other hand, no significant difference was found for past tense of verbs, comparative adjectives, articles, and subjunctive mood across the groups of learners. Based on these findings, the study suggested that pedagogical priorities should be established to help Korean EFL university learners, particularly with past tense of verbs, subjunctive mood, and 3^rd person singular -s, articles, and relatives. Finally, the study discussed difficulty in comparison with those of Rodriguez Silva(2017) and Cheng and Lee(2020).

파울라 레고(Paula Rego, 1935-)의 〈소녀와 개〉 연작 연구

고현숙(Ko Hyon Suk) 서양미술사학회 2010 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.32 No.-

In 1981, Royal Academy of Arts in Britain held ‘A New Spirit in Painting’ exhibition which brought about the revival of a new representational painting. Afterward in Britain, a new representational painting developed in the name of New Spirit Painting after the title of the exhibition, and it also prospered in German, Italia, America, in its own ways. Because the New Spirit Painting artists in Britain haven’t worked in groups as the new representational painting artists in German and Italia do, they’re rather less known, but the world of British arts including Tate Gallery are illuminating Paula Rego(1935-), Stephen McKenna(1939-), Stephen Campbell(1951-), and so on as major artists. They create their works of symbol systems like riddles with the features which can be understood based on each individual’s ethnicity or experiences. Among them, Paula Rego from Portugal met British art while going to Slade School of Fine Art in London in 1952. She came back to Portugal in 1959, but went back to Britain in 1975 after her father’s property was confiscated under the portuguese dictatorship. And then since 1980s she came to attract people’s attention as an artist of new British representational painting, which is an artist of New Spirit Painting, was put up as a candidate for Turner Prize in 1989, and was appointed the first artist at the National Gallery in Britain and received a studio in 1990 for 1 year. In this way, she’s secured her position as a remarkable artist in Britain, but her works express her experiences in Portugal and display Portuguese sentiment rather than British one. Nevertheless, the fact that she’s been the center of attention as a New Spirit Painting artist in Britain tells us the characteristic of New Spirit Painting which attaches more importance to one’s personal experiences than on one’s nationality. Yet, New Spirit Painting also has the characteristic to express an individual’s experiences through one’s own symbol systems which makes it difficult to understand their meanings easily. In most of her works, her personal experiences are revealed through a symbol system, but 〈Girl and Dog〉 series are noteworthy as the pieces displaying the main characteristics of New Spirit Painting because they were created when she was under great mental stress and are estimated to be the most mysterious works. This paper focuses on these things through the series of 〈Girl and Dog〉 which have never been separately studied on. 〈Girl and Dog〉 series were produced in advance to the death(1988) of her coworker, her husband Victor Willing(1928-1988). In 1986, his multiple sclerosis took a turn for the worse, causing the symptom of paralysis of the limbs and he received the diagnosis that his remaining life would be short. Rego’s friend, Colette, suggested her that she do something meaningful before he died. So she created 17 pieces of 〈Girl and Dog〉 series from 1986 to 1987. This production background hints that the meaning of 〈Girl and Dog〉 series would be related to her husband’s death. The 17 pieces of 〈Girl and Dog〉 series are categorized into two parts; 8 pieces of 〈Untitled〉 and 9 pieces with titles. In the 〈Untitled〉 works, a woman is taking care of a dog, and in the pieces with titles, the relationship between the woman and the dog can be inferred through the titles. In conclusion, the 〈Girl and Dog〉 series were created motivated by her husband’s fight against his sickness, and metaphorically express death surrounding him and her own sexual desire which wasn’t satisfied through him. The 〈Girl and Dog〉 series can be interpreted as the transformed portrait of Paula Rego and her husband, Victor. However, according to Jung’s theory, through the 〈Girl and Dog〉 series, Rego is depicted as an obedient wife in the patriarchal system, whose life is turned out to be a kind of persona and who finds consolation in religion, so the 〈Girl and Dog〉 series can be recognized to show the process of mental self-healing. 〈

리더십코칭의 이론적 개념과 연구과제

고현숙(Ko Hyon sook),이신자(Lee Shin ja) 대한리더십학회 2011 리더십연구 Vol.2 No.2

조직의 인재 육성을 위한 방법론으로 최근 각광을 받고 있는 코칭(coaching)은 이론보다 실무가 더 빠르게 앞서가는 분야라 할 수 있다. 조직 내 코칭이나 외부 코치에 의한 경영자 코칭 등 코칭을 조직에 적용하는 실행이 빠르게 확산되고 있고, 다양성이 증가하고 있다. 특히 기업에서는 리더십 개발을 위한 리더십 코칭을 통합적으로 시행하고 있다. 이에 따라 코칭 수요가 크게 확대되고 코치의 수도 증가하고 있다. 이에 비해 코칭의 개념과 프로세스, 이론적 모델, 효과성 검증 등에 대한 엄밀한 학문적 정립은 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 본 논문은 아직 시작단계에 불과한 코칭의 이론화 작업을 향후 본격적으로 전진시키기 위한 기초 연구로서, 지금까지의 문헌 연구 및 코칭의 현황 파악을 통해 코칭의 정의 및 접근법을 정리하였다. 또한 카운슬링이나 컨설팅, 멘토링과 같은 인접 분야와 코칭의 차별성을 개념적으로 정립하였으며, 코칭의 종류를 각 분류 기준에 따라서 개념적으로 분류하는 등 개념적인 정립을 시도하였다. 또한 향후 코칭 연구의 발전을 위한 연구 과제를 크게 네 가지 분야로 제시하였다. 즉 코치 요인에 관한 연구, 코칭 효과성의 검증에 관한 연구, 상황 요인에 관한 연구, 코칭 대상자 요인에 관한 연구로 나누어 제안하였으며, 각각의 분야에 대해 연구 질문들을 작성해 보았다. 이러한 연구를 통해 실무에서 많이 쓰이고 있는 리더십 코칭이 향후 더욱 체계적으로 발전하는 데 기여하고자 한다. While we see the fast growth and expansion of coaching practice in the real world, the scientific research on this area fell into arrear. This imbalance between coaching practices and theoretical study comes into strong request for coaching research. The present study attempts to conceptualize the coaching which includes definition of coaching and the key distinction among coaching and other areas like counseling, consulting and mentoring. It also discusses the process and methodology of coaching approach. This work is based on both reviewing literatures and understanding the past and current situation of coaching. Here we address the direction of further studies on coaching in four areas; research focused on coaches' factor, verification of coaching effectiveness, clients' factors, and situational factors like organizational support, context of coaching and so on. This study intends to contribute to the development of leadership coaching in academic aspects, which provides various meaning in business practices.

한국의 LMX 리더십이론 연구의 현황과 과제

고현숙(Ko Hyon sook),신제구(Shin Jae goo),김정훈(Kim Jung hoon),백기복(Baik Ki bok) 대한리더십학회 2010 리더십연구 Vol.2 No.1

The present study reviewed 52 articles on LMX published in Korea over the last 26 years. The purpose of this review work is to answer such questions as: what is the characteristics and contemporary situation of this area so far?; what are the key achievements?; where the next researches need to go? As a result of this analysis, we can figure out several conclusions. The number of the articles on the LMX is on the increase constantly as well as the range of application become wider from the various industries to the education area. The methodology of most articles adopted empirical surveys and have scientific base. But as for the data, only 20% of the samples are dyad or group level. while 80% of them are from single respondent which can cause the single source bias. This raise the issue of level of analysis and the request of assurance of scientific rigor at the same time. Regarding the aspect of quality, there's long way to go. Most of articles are about to same as earlier studies with small change in variances or the relations of the variances. Next studies are required to move out from the repetitive works and bring breakthrough ideas and new approaches. Reflecting Korea's own culture in social relationship, like 'sense of we-ness' on the studies can be an example of this argument. 본 연구의 목적은 한국의 리더십 연구에 있어서 특히 LMX 이론에 관한 연구 현황을 정리해 봄으로써 현재까지의 성과와 특징을 요약하고 향후 연구의 과제를 도출해 내는 데 있다. 이를 위해 지난 26년간 한국에서 발표된 논문 중에서 LMX 이론을 적용하여 리더십의 현상과 인과관계를 탐구한 논문들을 대상으로 분석하였다. 이를 통해 '한국에서 LMX 이론의 연구가 현재 어디까지 와 있으며 그 특성은 무엇인가? 현재까지의 연구 성과는 어떻게 정리될 수 있는가? 또한 향후 연구의 과제는 무엇인가?'를 규명해보려고 하였다. 본 논문은 이를 위해 1984년부터 2010년 6월까지 학술진흥재단의 등재지 혹은 등재 후보지에 속하는 학술지에 게재된 LMX 관련 논문을 조사하였다. 그 결과 총 52편의 논문이 검색되었으며, 이를 저자, 게재학술지, 논문명, 주요 결과 요약의 형식으로 하나의 표로 정리하였다. 또한 각각의 논문에서 다루고 있는 LMX의 선행변수와 결과변수들이 무엇이며, LMX가 어떤 변수들을 매개 혹은 조절하고 있는지를 총 정리하여 하나의 도식으로 표현하였다. 여기서 얻을 수 있었던 결론은 우선 LMX 연구가 양적으로 크게 늘어나고 있으며, 적용범위도 산업별로 지평을 넓히고 있다는 것이다. 또한 주로 설문 데이터 분석을 통해 LMX의 선행요인과 결과요인을 분석하는 실증연구들로서, 리더십과 조직성과 간의 관계를 과학적으로 밝히고자 하는 데 집중되고 있다. 연구방법에서는 쌍 혹은 집단 수준의 분석은 20%에 머물고 80%가 구성원의 자기응답식 설문이어서 분석수준의 이슈가 제기된다. LMX 연구가 양적으로 늘어나는 데 비해, 연구의 주된 내용은 선행연구에서 검증된 틀을 가지고 적용해보는 복제적인 연구가 큰 비중을 차지하고 있다. 이는 새로운 학문적 발견을 가져오는 질적 성취가 지체되고 있다는 뜻이며, 향후 LMX 연구의 과제로 제기된다. 또한 조직 성과와의 관계를 더 엄밀하게 밝히려는 노력, 한국의 조직 특성에 따른 연구 등 새로운 접근법이 필요하다고 생각된다.

Difficulty Levels and Characteristics of TOEFL Listening Items for Korean EFL Learners

고현숙(Hyun Sook Ko) 한국영어어문교육학회 2016 영어어문교육 Vol.22 No.3

The study aims to investigate Korean university students listening achievements in an English proficiency test and suggest several aspects in need to improve in for schools. The researcher examines which TOEFL testing items have high, medium, and low percentages of correct answers, and what characteristics correspond to these groups. 61 Korean university students in a local city in Korea participated in a computer-mediated test. 36 out of the 61 participants also participated in an interview for immediate reflection on what they thought during the test. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses showed that the students experienced the most difficulty with testing items requiring summarizing of presented information and understanding of relationships among concepts. This interpretation was confirmed by the interview data. We suggest that intensive instructional intervention, including material development and classroom activities, focus more on high level information processing such as summary and integration for Korean EFL university students. Another suggestion was made that EFL listening testing items for the students be developed to include more integrative information processing.

한국어의 주제와 주어

고현숙(Ko Hyun-Sook) 담화·인지언어학회 1998 담화와 인지 Vol.5 No.1