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연속 공정 PVD 방법에 의한 Coated Conductor 제조
고락길,정준기,김호섭,하홍수,송규정,박찬,유상임,문승현,김영철,Ko, Rock-Kil,Chung, Jun-Ki,Kim, Ho-Sup,Ha, Hong-Soo,Shi, Dongqi,Song, Kyu-Jeong,Park, Chan,Yoo, Sang-Im,Moon, Seung-Hyun,Kim, Young-Cheol 한국전기전자재료학회 2004 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.17 No.11
Continuous physical vapor deposition (PVD) method is one of many processes to fabricate long length coated conductor which is required for successful large-scale application of superconducting power devices. Three film deposition systems (pulsed laser deposition, sputtering, and evaporation) equipped with reel-to-reel(R2R) metal tape moving apparatus were installed and used to deposit multi-layer oxide thin films. Both RABiTS and IBAD texture templates are used. IBAD template consists of CeO$_2$(PLD)/YSZ(IBAD) on stainless steel(SS) metal tape, and RABiTS template has the structure of CeO$_2$/YSZ/Y$_2$O$_3$ which was continuously deposited on Ni-alloy tape using R$_2$R evaporation and DC reactive sputtering in a deposition system designed to do both processes. 0.4 m-long coated conductor with Ic(77 K) of 34 A/cm was fabricated using RABiTS template. 0.5 m and 1.1 m-long coated conductor with Ic(77 K) of 41 A/cm and 26 A/cm were fabricated using IBAD template.
RABiTS 위에 PLD 방법으로 증착된 YBCO 초전도 박막 선재의 제조
고락길,정준기,하홍수,김호섭,송규정,박찬,문승현,유상임,김영철,Ko Rock-Kil,Shi Dongqi,Chung Jun-Ki,Ha Hong-Soo,Kim Ho-Soup,Song Kyu-Jeong,Park Chan,Moon Seung-Hyun,Yoo Sang Im,Kim Young-Cheol 한국초전도학회 2004 Progress in superconductivity Vol.6 No.1
YBCO coated conductor is one of the most promising materials as a new generations wire especially for practical power applications. In this work, $YBa_2$$Cu_3$$O_{7}$ -$\delta$/(YBCO) coated conductors (CC) were deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) from buffer layers to superconducting layer on hi-axially textured metal tape. The oxide multilayer buffered substrate of architectures of $CeO_2$/$YSZ/Y_2$$O_3$ was fabricated by PLD at steady status. Then YBCO layer was deposited on RABiTS substrate by stationary and reel-to-reel (R2R) continuous process and we compared with deposition conditions of both processes. The degree of texture of each layer was investigated using X-ray diffraction including $\theta$-2$\theta$ scans, $\omega$-scans and $\Phi$-scans analysis. Their surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FWHM of the X-ray $\Phi$-scans and $\Phi$-scans indicated that YBCO and buffer layers closely replicate the in-plane and out-of-plane texture of metal tape. Critical current (Ic) at 77 K, self-field of 75.8 A/cm-width, critical temperature (Tc) of 85 K, and critical current density (Ic) of 3.7 MA/$\textrm{cm}^2$ were measured from coated conductor deposited by stationary process. And coated conductor deposited by R2R continuous process had Ic of 57.5 A/cm-width, Tc of 86.5 K and Jc of 2.0 MA/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The film also exhibits a homogeneous and dense surface morphology.
초전도 테이프 제작을 위한 니켈기판 상의 산화물 박막 증찰
김호섭,고락길,정준기,하홍수,송규정,박찬,Kim, Ho-Sup,Shi, Dongqui,Ko, Rock-Kil,Chung, Jun-Ki,Ha, Hong-Soo,Song, Kyu-Jeong,Park, Chan 한국전기전자재료학회 2004 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.17 No.12
High temperature superconducting coated conductor has a structure of <protecting layer>/<superconducting layer>/<buffer layer>/<metallic substrate>. The buffer layer consists of multi-layer, this study reports the deposition method and optimal deposition conditions of YSZ(Yttria-stabilized zirconia) layer which plays a important part in preventing the elements of substrate from diffusing into the superconducting layer. YSZ layer was deposited by DC reactive sputtering technique using water vapor for oxidizing deposited elements on substrate. To investigate optimal thickness of YSZ film, four YSZ/CeO$_2$/Ni samples with different YSZ thickness(130 nm, 260 nm, 390 nm, and 650 nm) were prepared. The SEM image showed that the surface of YSZ layer was getting to be rougher as YSZ layer was getting thicker and the growth mode of YSZ layer was columnar grain growth. After CeO$_2$ layer was deposited with the same thickness of 18.3 nm on each four samples, YBCO layer was deposited by PLD method with the thickness of 300 nm. The critical currents of four samples were 0, 6 A, 7.5 A, and 5 A respectively. This shows that as YSZ layer is getting thicker, YSZ layer plays a good role as a diffusion barrier but the surface of YSZ layer is getting rougher.
TmBCO Coated Conductors 제조 및 전류 전송 특성 평가
권오정(O-Jong Kwon),고락길(Rock-Kil Ko),배성환(Sung-Hwan Bae),구현(Hyun Koo),정명진(Myung-Jin Jung),오상수(Sang-Soo Oh),박찬(Chan Park) 대한전기학회 2009 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.7
고온초전도체 REBCO(RE=rare earth) 선재는 높은 전류전송밀도를 가지고 있기 때문에 고용량의 전류가 요구되는 응용분야에 사용되어 전력기기 등의 성능을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대되고 있다. 이전까지 대부분의 REBCO 선재 연구들은 GdBCO, NdBCO, YBCO 등 비교적 Tc값이 높은 고온초전도체에 집중되어 왔다. 반면에 TmBCO는 대부분의 REBCO 보다 Tc값이 낮기 때문에 선재 연구 분야에서 거의 주목받지 않았다. 하지만 본 연구 결과에 따르면 TmBCO 선재는 비교적 낮은 Tc(88K) 값에도 불구하고 우수한 전류전송밀도 (Jc=2.3MA/㎠) 특성을 나타내기 때문에 고온초전도 선재로서 활용이 가능하다. 또한 NdBCO 선재에 비해 낮은 기판온도에서 제조가 가능함으로써 공정상의 이점을 가질 수 있음을 확인하였다.
하동우(Ha, Dong-woo),고락길(Ko, rock-kil) 대한전기학회 2022 전기의 세계 Vol.71 No.1
트럭과 같은 부하가 큰 상용차에서는 에너지의 밀도가 높고 가벼운 액체 수소를 연료로 사용하려는 연구가 활발하게 진행하고 있다. 본 기사에서는 한국전기연구원에서 개발 중인 액체 수소로 초전도 코일을 냉각시키고 연료 전지를 초전도 코일의 전원으로 사용하는 기술을 소개한다. 이 기술은 향후 작고 가벼우면서도 강력한 파워팩 또는 추진 장치를 개발하는 데 사용될 것이다. In a commercial vehicle with a heavy load, such as a truck, research to use liquid hydrogen, which has high energy density and is light, as a fuel is being actively conducted. This article introduces a technology that cools a superconducting coil with liquid hydrogen and uses a fuel cell as a power source for the superconducting coil, which is being developed by KERI. This technology will be used in the future to develop small, light yet powerful power packs or propulsion devices.
SmBCO 초전도 층착을 위한 RABiTS상의 CeO<sub>2</sub> 단일 버퍼 연구
김태형,김호섭,이남진,하홍수,고락길,하동우,송규정,오상수,박경채,Kim, Tae-Hyung,Kim, Ho-Sup,Lee, Nam-Jin,Ha, Hong-Soo,Ko, Rock-Kil,Ha, Dong-Woo,Song, Kyu-Jeong,Oh, Sang-Soo,Park, Kyung-Chae 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.6
As a rule, high temperature superconducting coated conductors have multi-layered buffers consisting of seed, diffusion barrier and cap layers. Multi-buffer layer deposition requires longer fabrication time. This is one of main reasons which increases fabrication cost. Thus, single buffer layer deposition seems to be important for practical coated conductor process. In this study, a single layered buffer deposition of $CeO_2$ for low cost coated conductors has been tried using thermal evaporation technique. 100 nm-thick $CeO_2$ layers deposited by thermal evaporation were found to act as a diffusion layer. $1\;{\mu}m-thick$ SmBCO superconducting layers were deposited by thermal co-evaporation on the $CeO_2$ buffered Ni-5%W substrate. Critical current of 90 A/cm was obtained for the SmBCO coated conductors.
PLD법을 이용한 TmBa₂Cu₃O<SUB>7-x</SUB> 초전도 선재 제작 및 전류전송특성 평가
권오정(O-Jong Kwon),고락길(Rock-Kil Ko),구현(Hyun Koo),배성환(Sung-Hwan Bae),정명진(Myung-Jin Jung),오상수(Sang-Soo Oh),박찬(Chan Park) 대한전기학회 2009 전기학회논문지 Vol.58 No.11
REBa₂Cu₃O7-d(REBCO) coated conductors(REBCO CCs) have been studied for electric power applications which require high current density wires. As long as the critical transition temperature(Tc) is concerned, REBCO CCs with large RE³? ions have been expected to have better current transport properties than those with smaller RE³? ions. For this reason, REBCO's with large RE³? ions which include GdBCO, NdBCO and SmBCO have been mainly considered as the superconducting layer of CCs. On the other hand, REBCO's with smaller RE³? ions are expected to have advantages in the fabrication process of CCs because of the lower melting temperature. But it has not yet been made clear which REBCO is the most suitable for the superconducting layer of CCs. In this study, we investigated the current transport properties of REBCO CCs with small RE³? ion and advantages of using that in the CC fabrication process. Thin films of TmBCO, which has smaller RE³? ion than most other RE³? ions, were fabricated on buffered metal substrate as the superconducting layer of CC by PLD process. TmBCO CC shows critical current density (Jc (77 K, sf) = 2.3 MA/㎠) high enough to be utilized for application in electric power devices. Compared with previous experiments using the same PLD system, deposition temperature was approximately 20 ℃ lower than NdBCO thin films on buffered metal substrates.