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선박용 저속디젤엔진 적용을 위한 PM-NOx 동시저감 배출저감설비 해상실증 연구
고동균,정석영,김인섭,안계원,남연우 해양환경안전학회 2023 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.29 No.5
In this study, Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) + Diesel particulate filter (DPF) system was installed on a ship with a low-speed engine to conduct the on-board test. The target ship (2,881 gross tons, rated power 1,470 kW@240 rpm ×1) is a general cargo ship sailing in the coastal area. Drawing development, approvals and temporary survey of the ship were performed for the installation of the after-treatment system. For performance evaluation, the gaseous emission analyzer was used according to the NOx technical code and ISO-8178 method of measurement. The particulate matter analyzer used a smoke meter to measure black carbon, as discussed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Tests were conducted using MGO (0.043%) and LSFO (0.42%) fuels according to the sulfur content. The test conditions were selected by considering the engine rpm (130, 160 and 180). Gaseous emission and particulate matter (smoke) were measured according to the test conditions to confirm the reduction efficiency of the after treatment system. The results of NOx emission and particulate matter (smoke) revealed that reduction efficiency was more than 90%. The exhaust pressure met the allowable back pressure (less than 50 mbar). This study confirms the importance of the on-board test and the potential of SCR + DPF systems as a response technology for reducing nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. 본 연구에서는 소형선박용 중·고속 디젤엔진에 적용하여 연구 중인 SCR+DPF 기술을 저속엔진이 설치된 선박에 탑재하여 해상실증 시험을 수행하였다. 대상 선박(총 톤수 2,881 톤, 정격출력 1,470kW@240rpm ×1)은 국내 연해를 운항하는 일반화물선으로 배출저감설비의 선박 탑재를 위해 도면 개발, 승인 및 선박 임시검사를 수행하였다. 저감성능 확인을 위해서 가스상물질 측정장비는 NOx technical code 및 ISO-8178의 분석방법을 준용하는 장비를 사용하였으며, 입자상물질 측정장비는 국제해사기구(IMO)에서 논의하고 있는 블랙카본 측정 방법 중 하나인 스모크미터를 사용하였다. 시험은 황 함유량 따라 MGO(0.043%), LSFO(0.42%) 2종의 연료를 사용하였으며 실제 운항하는 엔진회전수(130, 160 및 180 rpm)를 고려하여 시험 조건을 설정하였다. 시험 조건에 따라 배출저감설비의 전·후단에서 가스상 및 입자상(매연) 물질을 측정하여 배출저감설비의 저감효율을 확인하였으며 모든 시험 조건에서 NOx의 경우 90% 이상, 입자상물질(매연)의 경우 95% 이상의 저감효율을 확인하였고 엔진 성능의 영향을 줄 수 있는 배기가스 압력은 허용배압 기준인 50mbar 이하를 만족하였다. 본 연구를 통해 해상실증 연구의 중요성과 중소형 저속엔진 선박의 질소산화물 및 입자상물질의 동시 저감을 위한 대응 기술로 SCR+DPF 설비 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.
부자(附子)가 Lipopolysaccharide의 뇌실 주입으로 유발된 생쥐의 혈중 IL-6와 $TNF-{\alpha}$ 변화에 미치는 영향
고동균,윤정문,이태희,Koh Dong-Kyun,Yun Jeong-Moon,Lee Tae-Hee 대한한의학방제학회 2004 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.12 No.1
Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Aconiti Tuber on the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in mice stimulated by intracerebroventricular(I.C.V.) Injection of Lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Method: 6 mice were assigned to each of the normal group, the control group, and the experimental group. In the normal group only saline was administered intragastrically, and in the control group LPS was injected intracerebro-ventricularly 1 hr after intragastric administration of saline. In the experimental groups (Aconiti Tuber 0.5g/kg, Aconiti Tuber 1.0g/kg, Aconiti Tuber 3.0g/kg) each sample was administered intragastrically to mice 1 hr prior to the stimulation by LPS I.C.V. Injection. To measure the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level of mice, their blood samples were collected from retro-orbital plexus, immediately centrifuged at $4^{\circ}C$, and plasma was removed and stored frozen at $-83^{\circ}C$ for later determination of plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$. Result : 1. LPS I.C.V. Injection increased plasma IL-6 level significantly in a dose-dependent manner compared with normal group(P<0.01). The plasma IL-6 concentration reached a significant maximal level about 1 hr after LPS I.C.V. Injection(P<0.001). LPS I.C.V. Injection increased plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ level significantly in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05). The plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ concentration reached a significant maximal level about 1 hr after LPS I.C.V. Injection(P<0.001). 2. Sample A group to which Aconiti Tuber(0.5g/kg) was administered intragastrically 1 hr prior to the stimulation by LPS I.C.V. Injection showed insignificant lower plasma IL-6 level in 1 hr than control group(P<0.0635), and sample B group (Aconiti Tuber 1.0g/kg) showed significant lower plasma IL-6 level in 1 hr than control group(P〈0.05), and sample C group (Aconiti Tuber 3.0g/kg) showed significant lower IL-6 plasma level in 1 hr than control group(P<0.01). 3. sample A group to which Aconiti Tuber(0.5g/kg) was administered intragastrically 1 hr prior to the stimulation by LPS I.C.V. Injection showed insignificant lower plasma $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in 1 hr than control group(P>0.05), and Both sample B(1.0g/kg) and sample C(3.0g/kg) groups showed significant lower $TNF-{\alpha}$ plasma level in 1 hr than control group(P<0.01). These data revealed that Aconiti Tuber might have the anti inflammatory effect by reducing the plasma IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ level in a dose dependent manner in mice LPS I.C.V. Injection.
고동균,김인용,채인수,박경덕,정현,방용준,전재복,박준수 대한의진균학회 2013 대한의진균학회지 Vol.18 No.4
Background: Tinea manus is a common superficial dermatophyte infection that is usually coexistentwith tinea pedis. Trichophytom rubrum is the most commonly isolated agent in tinea manus. Despitethis condition, there have been only a few reports on the clinical and mycological features of tinea manus. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the variables related with tinea manus and to determine thecorrelation with other superficial dermatophyte infection. Methods: Clinical and mycological features of 54 cases with tinea manus from the department ofdermatology in Daegu Catholic University Hospital and the Catholic Skin Clinic from January 2011 toDecember 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The male to female ratio was 2:1. The age distribution ranged from 14 to 81 years old. Theaffected site was the palm in 31 cases (57.4%), the dorsum in 13 cases (24.1%), and both palm and solein 10 cases (18.5%). Tinea manus was accompanied with other superficial dermatophyte infections, suchas tinea pedis, tinea unguium, and tinea corporis in 42 cases (77.8%) and not in 12 cases (22.2%). Fungalculture result was positive in 8 cases of tinea manus only group and in 26 cases of tinea manus with otherdermatophyte infection group. The most commonly isolated agent was Trichophyton rubrum in bothgroups. Conclusion: The patients with only tinea manus tend to predilect the dorsum of hand and wererelatively more caused by other fungus than Trichophyton ruburum when compared with the patientswith other dermatophytosis.
고동균,김수호,신창호,이영택,김정열,김종열,Ko Dongkyun,Kim Soo-Ho,Shin Chang-Ho,Lee Young-Taek,Kim Chung Ryul,Kim Jong-Yeol 한국연초학회 2005 한국연초학회지 Vol.27 No.1
This work investigated biodegradability for the cellulose acetate, carbon dual, paper and web used to cigarette filter materials by soil test. Also, because of demanded a lot of the time and effort in case of soil test, the possibility of biodegradation by enzyme was studied. The evaluation of degradation for the filter materials by soil test was examined with the naked eye, electron microscopy and weight loss. The biodegradability according to the filter materials was represented in the order of paper > web > carbon dual > cellulose acetate without relating to the evaluation methods. Experiment of biodegradability by the cellulase(E C 3.2.1.4, Trichoderma viride) among the several biodegradability enzymes was demanded reaction time of the $5\~10$ hours and represented the same result with that of soil test.