발효 과일박 및 신선초박의 급여가 계육 내 지방산 조성, 콜레스테롤 및 저장 기간 중 지방산패도에 미치는 영향

강환구,최희철,채현석,나재천,방한태,박성복,김민지,서옥석,이지은,김동욱,김상호,Kang, Hwan-Ku,Choi, Hee-Chul,Chae, Hyun-Suk,Na, Jae-Cheon,Bang, Han-Tae,Park, Sung-Bok,Kim, Min-Ji,Seo, Ok-Suk,Lee, Jee-Eun,Kim, Dong-Wook,Kim, Sang-Ho,Kang 한국축산식품학회 2010 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.30 No.3

This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of fermented apple pomace (FAP), fermented pear pomace (FPP), fermented orange pomace (FOP), and fermented Angelica keiskei Koidz pomace (FAKP) on performance, shelf life, fatty acid composition and cholesterol in broiler chickens. A total of 600, 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb strain) were randomly divided into six groups with four replicates of 30 birds each. There were five treatment groups: control (C), FAP (1.0%, T1), FPP (1.0%, T2), FOP (1.0%, T3), and FAKP (1.0%, T4). The body weight of the broiler chickens fed FAP diet was higher (1,758 g) than the other treatments. There was no difference in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in chicken meat between all groups at days 1, 3, and 5 of storage, while the FAP-supplemented group displayed lower TBARS values at day 7. There was no significant difference in fatty acid composition between the groups but the cholesterol content of chicken meat was lower than the control groups. These results suggest the possibility that FAP could be used as a functional feed to improvement the quality performance of broiler chickens.

BCD를 섭취한 돼지의 부위별 콜레스테롤 함량

강환구,박병성,Kang, Hwan-Ku,Park, Byung-Sung 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.36 No.2

본 연구는 비육말기 돼지에서 베타사이클로덱스트린$\beta$-cyclodextrin의 급여가 돈육의 콜레스테롤 수준을 낮춘다는 것을 나타내고 있다. 120마리의 돼지에게 0, 5, 7, 10%의 $\beta$-cyclodextrin를 함유하는 사료를 35일 간 급여하였다. 혈액 총지질, 중성지방 및 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 $\beta$-cyclodextrin첨가구가 대조구에 비해서 낮게 나타났으며 처리구간 통계적인 유의차가 나타났다(p<0.05). 혈액 100 mL 당 지질은 대조구와 비교할 때 $\beta$-cyclodextrin 5.0%, $\beta$-cyclodextrin 7.0% 및 $\beta$-cyclodextrin 10.0% 첨가구에서 각각 63.22 mg, 73.98 mg, 82.12 mg의 유의적인 감소를 나타냈으며, 중성지방 56.24 mg, 55.48 mg, 60.02 mg, 총콜레스테롤 25.05 mg, 27.17 mg, 30.19 mg의 유의성 있는 감소경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 총스테로이드의 배설은 $\beta$-cyclodextrin 첨가수준이 증가할수록 대조구에 비해서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 돼지고기의 부위별, 등지방, 삼겹살, 등심 및 햄의 콜레스테롤 함량은 대조구에 비해서 $\beta$-cyclodextrin 첨가수준이 높아질수록 유의적인 감소경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 돼지고기의 콜레스테롤 함량 감소율은 $\beta$-cyclodextrin 첨가구가 대조구와 비교할 때 15.31% 이상의 높은 감소율을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 본 연구 결과는 비육말기 돼지사료 내 $\beta$-cyclodextrin를 혼합 급여하여서 콜레스테롤 함량이 낮아진 새로운 기능성 돈육을 생산할 수 있음을 시사해준다. This study demonstrates that pork cholesterol levels are reduced in fattening stage swine fed $\beta-cyclodextrin({\beta}-cyclodextrin)$. The study subjects were 120 swine fed their respective chow diets containing 0, 5, 7, or 10% $\beta$-cyclodextrin for 35 consecutive days. Plasma total lipids, triglyceride and total cholesterol of the $\beta$-cyclodextrin treated group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). The levels of plasma lipid were significantly decreased by 63.22 mg, 73.98 mg, and 82.12 mg in the fattening swine group fed $\beta$-cyclodextrin at 5%, 7%, and 10%, respectively, compared to those in the control group (p<0.05). When 5, 7, and 10% $\beta$-cyclodextrin was administered to fattening swine, the triacylglyceride levels were decreased by 56.24 mg, 55.48 mg, and 60.02 mg, and total cholesterol concentration was reduced by 25.05 mg, 27.17 mg, and 30.19 mg, respectively, compared to those in the control group (p<0.05). Excretion of total steroid significantly (p<0.05) increased with the increasing amount of $\beta$-cyclodextrin supplementation. The cholesterol levels of swine back fat, belly, loin, and ham were significantly decreased with increasing $\beta$-cyclodextrin supplementation (p<0.05). The pork cholesterol was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 15.31% in the $\beta$-cyclodextrin treated group, compared to that of the control group. These results suggest that feeding $\beta$-cyclodextrin to fattening swine may produce novel functional pork with low cholesterol levels.

옻나무 추출액 급여가 산란계의 생산성 및 계란 품질에 미치는 영향

강환구,강근호,나재천,유동조,김동욱,이상진,김상호,Kang, Hwan-Ku,Kang, Geun-Ho,Na, Jae-Cheon,Yu, Dong-Jo,Kim, Dong-Wook,Lee, Sang-Jin,Kim, Sang-Ho 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.5

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of drinking of Rhus tree-extract on laying performance and egg quality in hens. Four hundred eighty, 55-wk-old ISA brown, laying hens were divided into six groups, control, Rhus tree-extract 500 ppm, 1,000 ppm, 2,000 ppm, 3,000 ppm and 5,000 ppm. The hens were fed a supplemented drink containing Rhus tree-extract for 12 weeks. Egg production and egg mass increased by drinking Rhus tree-extract (p<0.05) and the feed conversion ratio also improved in Rhus tree-extract groups. Cecal numbers of Lactobacillus spp., E. coli and Salmonella were not different in treatments. Availability of protein and ash improved in the Rhus extract groups. The eggshell breaking strength and egg shell thickness were significantly increased in Rhus tree-extract 3,000 ppm and Rhus tree-extract 2,000 ppm groups compared to the other groups. Also, egg yolk color and Haugh unit were significantly improved by the dietary Rhus tree-extract (p<0.05).

케일과 명일엽 및 부산물의 급여가 계란 품질 및 지방산 조성에 미치는 영향

강환구,강근호,김동욱,이상진,김상호,Kang, Hwan-Ku,Kang, Geun-Ho,Kim, Dong-Wook,Lee, Sang-Jin,Kim, Sang-Ho 한국축산식품학회 2008 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.28 No.5

The effects of various levels of dietary dried whole crop of kale (0.1%, 0.3%), dried peel of kale (0.3%), dried whole crop of Angelica keiskei (Koidz) (0.1%, 0.3%), and peel of Angelica keiskei (Koidz) (0.3%) in egg-laying performance were studied with 560 ISA brown layers for a period of 12 weeks. No significant differences were recognized between the treatments and control in egg production, feed intake and egg mass. The quality of egg and eggshell were not different among treatments but egg yolk color was improved in the both of whole crop and peel of kale and Angelica keiskei (Koidz). Vitamin and polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration of eggs increased in treatments compared to control but were not significantly different from controls. In conclusion, dried peel of kale and Angelica keiskei (Koidz) supplementation in laying hens diet improved egg yolk color, and improve vitamin concentration of chicken eggs.

닭고기의 감마지방산 강화에 관한 달맞이꽃종자유의 급여효과

강환구,박병성,Kang, Hwan-Ku,Park, Byung-Sung 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.36 No.6

본 연구는 닭고기의 감마지방산 축적에 관한 서로 다른 수준의 달맞이꽃 종자유 급여효과를 조사하였다. 로스(Ross)종 1일령 broiler 수컷 600수를 6처리구${\times}$4반복으로 완전임의 배치하였다. 브로일러는 포화지방산 급원으로서 우지를 함유하는 대조구, 감마지방산 급원으로서 달맞이꽃 종자유(EPO, evening primrose oil) 0.5%, EPO 혼합유(EPO 70:대두유 30) 0.7%, EPO 1.5%, EPO 3.0% 및 EPO 4.0% 첨가사료를 브로일러 후기 2주 동안 섭취하였다. 체중은 0.5% EPO 첨가구를 제외하고는 대조구와 처리구간 통계적유의차가 있었다(p<0.05). 도체중에 대한 다리살과 가슴살의 무게비율은 다리살에서 0.5% EPO 첨가구 및 가슴살에서 0.5% EPO 첨가구와 4.0% EPO 첨가구를 제외하고는 대조구와 처리구간 유의성이 인정되었다(p<0.05). EPO 첨가사료를 섭취한 닭고기 피부와 가슴살 지질의 포화지방산 조성은 대조구에 비해서 유의적으로 낮아졌으나 불포화지방산 조성은 대조구와 비교할 때 EPO 첨가구가 높았다(p<0.05). 특히, 닭고기 부위별 지질의 감마지방산(GLA, gamma-linolenicacid, 18:3n-6) 조성은 대조구와 비교할 때 EPO 첨가구에서 높았다(p<0.05). 이 결과는 육계사료 내 달맞이꽃 종자유를 첨가.급여함으로써 감마지방산이 강화된 새로운 기능성 닭고기를 생산할 수 있음을 시사해 준다. This study examined the effects of different levels of evening primrose oil (EPO) on the accumulation of ${\gamma}$-fatty acids in broiler meat. Six hundred one-day-old male chicks (Ross strain) from commercial broilers were divided randomly into 6 groups${\times}$4 repeat pens. The broilers were fed experimental diets containing 4.0% tallow (control), 0.5% EPO, 0.7% mixed oil (EPO 70:soy bean oil 30), 1.5% EPO, 3.0% EPO or 4.0% EPO for two weeks of broiler finisher. There was a significant difference in body weight gain between the control and treatment groups except for the 0.5% EPO group (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the percentage of thigh and breast weight against the carcass weight between control and treatment groups except for the 0.5% EPO group in the thigh and 0.5% EPO and 4.0% EPO groups in the breast weight (p<0.05). The saturated fatty acid levels of the skin and breast muscle lipid of the broilers fed diets containing EPO were significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.05), while the level of unsaturated fatty acid was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.05). The ${\gamma}$-fatty acid (GLA, gamma.linolenic acid, 18:3n-6) level was particularly higher in the chicken meat lipids from the broilers fed EPO than in the control group (p<0.05). This shows that feeding EPO to chicks can produce novel functional broiler meat that is enriched in gamma-linolenic acid.

산란성계에서 사료 급이량 조절이 생산성과 계육품질에 미치는 영향

강환구,김찬호,Kang, Hwan Ku,Kim, Chan Ho 한국가금학회 2015 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구는 100주령 이상의 산란성계에서 사료 급이량 조절에 따른 생산성, 도체 수율 및 육질을 주령에 따라 평가하고자 실시하였다. 공시 동물은 100주령 Hy-Line Brown 200수를 선별하여 A형 2단 케이지에 대조구 포함 총 5처리구로 구성하여 처리당 4반복, 반복당 10수씩(2수 수용 케이지 10개) 난괴법으로 임의 배치하였다. 시험 기간 동안 물은 자유 섭취하게 하였으며, 일반적인 점등관리(자연일조 + 조명; 16hr)를 실시하였다. 시험구는 대조구(일일 사료 섭취량 100%), 90%, 60%, 50%, 20% 총 5처리였다. 산란율은 사양 시험 기간 동안 일일 사료 섭취량이 감소함에 따라 산란율 및 사료 요구량은 유의적으로(P<0.05) 감소하였다. 도체 수율 역시 사양시험 기간 동안 일일 사료 섭취량이 감소함에 따라 도체 수율 및 부분육(가슴, 다리, 날개) 비율이 유의적으로(P<0.05) 감소하였다. Leukocyte 함량은 일일 사료 섭취량이 50%, 20%일 때 WBC, HE, LY, MO 및 EO 함량의 비율이 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았다. 가슴육 내 일반 성분항목, 보수력, 가열감량 및 지방산 함량에 있어서는 사양시험 기간과 일일 사료 섭취량에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 본 실험 결과 일일 사료 섭취량이 감소할수록 생산성과 도체율이 감소하였으나, 일일사료 섭취량을 60% 수준까지 낮춰도 무방하다고 생각되며, 계육 품질에 미치는 영향은 나타나지 않았다. This study aimed to investigate the effects of reducing feed intake on performance and meat quality in old laying hens. A total of 200 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (100 weeks old) were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments: control (100% daily feed intake), 90%, 60%, 50%, and 20% daily feed intake. Each treatment was replicated four times with 10 birds per replication and two birds per cage. Ten-bird units were arranged according to a randomized block design. The feeding trial lasted for 4 weeks under a 16L:8D lighting regimen. The results indicated that the daily feed intake correlated with hen-day egg production and feed conversion ratios (P<0.05). The carcass yields and partial ratios were also correlated with daily feed intake (P<0.05). The levels of leukocytes (without basophils) were higher in the 50% and 20% daily feed intake groups than in the other groups. The concentrations of dry matter, crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein, water holding capacity, cooking loss, and fatty acids in the breast meat did not decrease as the daily feed intake decreased. In conclusion, reducing daily feed intake decreased laying performance and carcass yield but had no effect on breast meat quality.

감마지방산의 급여가 돼지의 혈액지질 및 고기부위별 지방산조성에 미치는 영향

강환구,박병성,Kang, Hwan-Ku,Park, Byung-Sung 한국식품영양과학회 2007 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.36 No.5

본 연구는 우지를 대조구로 하는 사료와 대두유와 함께 삼씨유, 달맞이꽃 종자유 및 서양자초유를 혼합한 시험사료를 섭취한 비육말기 돼지에서 혈액지질 및 돈육의 부위별 감마지방산 함량을 조사하였다. 생체 중 80 kg의 3원 교잡종($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$) 비육말기 돼지 36마리를 이용해서 시판체중인 110 kg 도달 시까지 35일 동안 시험사료를 급여하였다. 실험설계는 4처리$\times$3반복(반복당 3두)으로 완전임의 배치하였고, 4개의 실험처리구는 대조구(우지), T1(삼씨유 40:대두유 60), T2(달맞이꽃 종자유40:대두유 60) 그리고 T3(서양자초유 40:대두유 60)로 구분하였다. 돼지의 혈액 중성지방과 총콜레스테롤 함량은 실험사료 급여 일수가 지남에 따라서 우지를 섭취한 대조구가 증가한 반면에 감마지방산 급원을 섭취한 처리구는 유의적인 감소경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 혈액 내 감마리놀렌산 함량은 대조구의 경우 검출되지 않았으나 감마지방산 처리구의 경우 실험사료 급여일수가 지남에 따라서 T3, T2, T1순으로 증가경향을 나타냈으며 각 일자별로 측정된 각 처리구별 값은 처리구간 통계적인 유의차가 있었다(p<0.05). 돈육의 포화지방산과 고도불포화지방산 함량은 각 처리구별 그리고 부위별 차이가 있었으며, 돈육의 부위별 n-3지방산 함량은 삼씨유를 섭취한 T1이 가장 높았고 T3, T2 순으로 유의적인 증가경향을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 감마리놀렌산의 함량은 모든 부위에서 서양자초유를 섭취한 T3가 가장 높았으며 T2, T1 순으로 유의적인 증가경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 특히, 돈육의 부위별로 축적된 감마리놀렌산의 함량은 등지방, 삼겹살, 햄, 등심 순서로 높은 경향을 보여주었다. We report that the gamma linolenic acid content of pork is higher in finishing pigs fed diets containing hemp seed oil, evening primrose oil or borage oil as the sources of gamma linolenic acid. Thirty-six three crossing swines ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$), 80 kg in body weight, were randomly separated into four treatment groups with three pens per treatment and three animals per pen. The finishing swines were fed the experimental diets for 35 days until they reached the market weight of 110 kg. The animals were assigned to the four experimental diets: control diet containing 5.00% tallow, T1 containing 5.00% hemp seed oil (hemp seed oil 40:soybean oil 60), T2 containing 5.00% evening primrose oil (primrose oil 40:soybean oil 60) and T3 containing 5.00% borage oil (borage oil 40:soybean oil 60). The plasma triacylglycerol and total cholesterol content of the swine in the gamma fatty acids-fed groups were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in the control group. No gamma linolenic acid was detected in the plasma of the control group, while tile level of gamma linolenic acid treatment groups was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control in the order of T3, T2 and T1. Moreover, the level of gamma linolenic acid increased with increasing number of feeding days. There was a significant difference between the treatment groups (p<0.05). There was a difference in the amount of saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulated in the pork according to the treatment groups or the parts of the pork meat. The level of n-3 fatty acid of pork was highest in T1, which had been fed the hemp seed oil, followed in order by T3 and T2 (p<0.05). The content of gamma linolenic acid in pork was highest in T3, which had been fed the borage oil, followed in order by T2 and T1 (p<0.05). In particular, the level of gamma linolenic acid in pork increased in the order of the back fat, pork belly, ham and loin.

우리나라 가금분야 연구현황 및 전망

강환구(Hwan-Ku Kang),김현수(Hyun-Soo Kim),손지선(Jiseon Son),유아선(Are-Sun You),전진주(Jin-Joo Jeon),차재범(Jaebeom Cha),추효준(Hyojun Choo),홍의철(Eui-Chul Hong),소경민(Kyoungmin So),박설화(Seol Hwa Park),권경석(Kyeong-Se 한국축산식품학회 2022 축산식품과학과 산업 Vol.11 No.1

육계에 사과박 발효물, 계피의 첨가, 급여가 생산성 및 계육 품질에 미치는 영향

강환구 ( Hwan Ku Kang ),최희철 ( Hee Chul Choi ),강보석 ( Bo Suk Kang ),나재천 ( Jae Cheon Na ),유동조 ( Dong Jo Yu ),강근호 ( Guen Ho Kang ),방한태 ( Han Tae Bang ),박성복 ( Sung Bok Park ),김민지 ( Min Ji Kim ),서옥석 ( Ok Suk S 한국동물자원과학회 2009 한국축산학회지 Vol.51 No.4

산란계의 육성기 제한급여가 체성장 특성 및 내분비 변화에 미치는 영향

강환구 ( Hwan Ku Kang ),조재훈 ( Jae Hoon Cho ),김지혁 ( Ji Hyuk Kim ),강근호 ( Geun Ho Kang ),유동조 ( Dong Jo Yu ),나재천 ( Jae Cheon Na ),김동욱 ( Dong Wook Kim ),이상진 ( Sang Jin Lee ),김인식 ( In Shik Kim ),김상호 ( Sang Ho 한국동물자원과학회 2008 한국축산학회지 Vol.50 No.3