전처리 목재의 수축율 변화

강호양 한국목재공학회 1994 목재공학 Vol.22 No.1

To increase drying rate and reduce drying degradation, pretreatments such as prefreezing and presteaming have been widely used in wood industries. Presteaming lumbers prior to kiln drying is known positively to improve its permeability, to increase diffusion coefficient and to reduce discoloration, but negatively to increase collapse. Prefreezing lumbers prior to kiln drying is also known to reduce significantly its drying defects and its shrinkages. Thus it is no doubt that the pretreated lumbers shrink diversely from the untreated. In this study the shrinkage behaviors of the pretreated specimens are investigated by drying two tropical hardwoods (Apitong and Taun) in three different dying conditions: high temperature and slow drying rate (drying in a closed cylinder), high temperature and rapid drying rate (drying in an oven) and low temperature and slow drying rate(drying at room temperature). The prefrozen specimens show the least volumetric shrinkages in most drying conditions. The specimens dried in cylinders shrink most among all drying conditions. In general the pretreated specimens reached the 30% moisture content faster than the untreated by about 30%.

포털사이트 특성의 여성 웹진에 관한 시각적 표현 연구

강호양 한국패키지디자인학회 2003 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.13 No.-

This study aims to present a way of high-quality visual expression for women's webzines by analyzing those of existing women's webzines. Until late 2000there were only two prominent webzines for women in Korea : www.womenplus.com of 'Women's Internet' and www.miclub.com of 'Seongyoung, I love you', which existed only on the Web. Recently, however, the main stream of women's webzines with potential has been set by women's magazine companies who opened them using the contents obtained in the process of magazine production. Magazines may be defined characteristically as the industry of knowledge and information contents. Today with media's merger as well as the revolution of information and technology, information contents to be conveyed by the merged media become increasingly important establishing themselves as both the key to assuring the media's originality and the knowledge product creating high added value. Korea's leading women's magazines have advantage over competitors when they open and run webzines of various contents both on-line only and on-and off-lines, as they have been able to gain large amount of contents that play an essential role in creating and developing multimedia works. Therefore most promising women's webzines currently issued in Korea have an inseparable relation with women's magazine companies. And it is not too much to say that the identity of women's webzines provided by linking on-line businesses based on existing know-hows has sprung from women's magazines. The number of domestic Internet users already reached over 20 million in late 2001. The increase of the users improves the function of the Internet as a medium and assures possibilities of the internet market's development. Also the rate of female Internet users has rapidly increased from 29.9% in 1999 to 43.2% in October 2001, as a result, making the deviation based on sex ratio insignificant. Although female Internet users reach almost 9 million now, not many studies on Web sites or webzines for women are found considering the importance and the size of the market. It is especially true for systematic researches on the visual structure of Web sites or webzines targeting mainstream women in their 20~30s. Therefore this theses aims to present an effective way of visual expression for women's webzines by a systematic research and analysis of the webzines provided spedifically for women in their 20~30s.

침엽수재 내부수분이동과 확산활성화에너지

강호양 한국목재공학회 1991 목재공학 Vol.19 No.4

Three kinds of specimens(radiata pine sapwood, radiata pine heartwood and w.hemlock heartwood) were dried at four temperature levels (30, 40, 50 and 60℃) in an emvironmental chamber. Unsteady-state diffusion coefficients were calculated from obtained drying rates by using infinite slab equation For first half of sorption and interval. diffusion equation for second half of sorption, Activation energies for moisture diffusion in wood were calculated From the diffusion coefficients obtained at four temperatures. In most cases diffusion coefficients for radial movement were higher than those for tangential movement. Activation energy differences between sapwood and heartwood weren't significant for radial movement, but were significant for tangential movement. Most activation energies calculated from drying rates were tower than heat of water condensation (about 11,000㎈/mole). specially the average activation energy for sapwood tangential movement was only 5,000㎈/mole

단척 통나무와 선반가공목의 마이크로웨이브 - 진공 건조

강호양 한국목재공학회 2001 목재공학 Vol.29 No.4

A microwave vacuum (MW/V) dryer was developed for drying short roundwoods, from which woodcraft souvenirs in Korean market are mostly made, and which were hardly dried without defects in a conventional kiln. It consisted of three 1.5 ㎾ magnetrons of 2,450 MHz, a vacuum pump, a load cell of 100 ㎏ and a cavity of 580 x 580 x 1,360 ㎣. A computer program was developed to switch on or off the magnetrons according to drying schedules, those were based on microwave injection time or the average of wood temperatures. To evaluate the new MW/V dryer the roundwood specimens of rigida pine, poplar and birch were dried. Their log diameters and lengths ranged from 125 to 25 cm and from 25 to 50 cm, respectively. In spite of the presence of minor drying defects, the MW/V drying is found to be an effective method for drying short roundwoods. Wooden turneries made of red alder and ash logs were also MW/V dried from green to 4%MC without any degradation. The rates of the MW/V drying were examined for three different lengths of poplar logs.

아세틸화 처리가 대나무재의 초음파 전달 속도에 미치는 영향

강호양,이관영 한국목재공학회 1997 목재공학 Vol.25 No.3

The ultrasonic velocity and dynamic MOE of acetylated bamboos were investigated using PUNDIT, a transit time measuring device for longitudinal ultrasonic propagation. Bamboo specimens were boiled in acetic anhydride for 2, 4 and 6 hours, and the maximum average WPG (Weight Percentage Gain) of 19% was obtained at 6 hours. The volumes of acetylated bamboos increase with boiling time and WPG, while as WPG increases their oven-dry densities generally increase with a concave around 5% WPG. This oven-dry density pattern likely influences the trends of ultrasonic velocity and dynamic MOE, which generally decrease with a convex around 5% WPG. It is postulated that during boiling extractives in a bamboo move and aggregate at its surfaces transiently. resulting in the increase of ultrasonic velocity and dynamic MOE. To explain the fact that ultrasonic velocity varies with WPG a simple model was proposed and some ultrasonic properties of a transmitted wave were examined.

Golf Club Head 용 감나무재의 Microwave 건조 (Ⅱ) : 감나무 블럭의 건조 경과와 온도 변화 Drying Curves and Temperature Distribution of Persimmon Blocks

강호양 한국목재공학회 1995 목재공학 Vol.23 No.3

The presteamed or prefrozen persimmon blocks of 10㎝ × 10㎝ × 15㎝ were air-dried at. room temperature until about 30% moisture content, and then were dried in a MW oven. During drying their internal temperatures were monitored with thermo-couple probes. The presteamed and prefrozen blocks didn't show any improvement in drying rate and moisture gradient when compared with the controls. Checks appeared on the surfaces of most presteamed blocks during air-drying. It has been clearly revealed that the maximum weight loss must. be less than 2g/min during MW drying to prevent internal checking and that MW drying reduced moisture gradients inside blocks. MW dried the persimmon blocks 440 times faster than conventional kiln.

목재 건조중 내부수분경사에 관한 연구

강호양 한국목재공학회 1991 목재공학 Vol.19 No.2

Internal moisture gradients of 3cm-thick radiata pine (Pinus radiata) sapwood and meranti (Shorea spp.) heartwood were determined by using slicing method during drying and were predicted by Hart's Sorption Simulation. The shapes of internal moisture gradients, moisture contents and drying rates, which were obtained by the slicing method, were compared with those predicted by Sorption Simulation. After the 2nd fitting attempts, the differences between the gravimetric drying rates and the drying rates predicted by Sorption Simulation were less than 0.021%/hr for radiata pine and 0.043%/hr for meranti. The shapes of the internal moisture gradients predicted by Sorption Simulation were in good agreement with those obtained by the slicing method. It could be concluded that Sorption Simulation be an excellent tool to predict internal moisture gradients of wood.

증기전처리에 의한 국내참나무재의 성질변화에 관한 연구

강호양 한국목재공학회 1992 목재공학 Vol.20 No.2

The effect of presteaming on native oak specimens(Quercus serrata) of 2.5㎝ thick were investigated by measuring specific gravities, internal moisture gradients, residual extractives, and transport rates of free and bound water. The specific gravities and internal moisture gradients of the presteamed samples did not much deviate from those of the controls, but after presteaming discrepancy in moisture content between specimens lessened. The amount of residual hot-water extractives of the presteamed samples were less than those of the controls by 25%. The transport rates of bound water were determined by measuring steady-state diffusion coefficients with a vapormeter cup. After presteaming the diffusion coefficients in radial direction increased by 35%, but decreased those in the tangential direction.

통대나무의 Polyethylen glycol (PEG) 건조

강호양,정우양,강춘원 韓國木材工學會 2016 한국목재공학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.2

Improving the Dimensional Stability of Spruce and Birch Boards by Heat-Treatment at 190 and 210℃

강호양 한국가구학회 2009 한국가구학회지 Vol.20 No.6

It is known that heat treatment decreases the hygroscopicity of wood. Thus heat-treated wood is good for outdoor construction due to its improved dimensional stability. This study is to investigate the hygroscopicity and discoloration of spruce and birch boards heat-treated above 190℃. The equilibrium moisture contents (EMCs) at all relative humidities decreased with the increase of heat treatment temperature and/or time for both spruce and birch. It was revealed that heat-treatment temperature affected more on the hygroscopicity thaan heat-treatment time. The average basic densities decreased for the spruce specimens, but increased for the birch specimens with an increase of the treatment time and/or temperature. The same heat treatment condition (190-8) made the birch specimens darker than the spruce specimens.